Abstract The essential oil from Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium (EOC) was analyzed by GC/MS. The major component of EOC was found to be d-limonene (92.3% of the total essential oil). Anti-ulcer and antioxidant activities of EOC were evaluated in several gastric ulcer models. The ulcer index or area and biochemical markers of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and malondialdehyde (MDA) were determined. EOC significantly inhibited gastric mucosal lesions induced by ulcerogenic agents with an inhibitory rate of nearly 50% at an oral dose of 85 mg/kg, and exerted a healing effect on acetic acid-induced ulcers with a curative rate of 63%. HCl/EtOH administration caused severe oxidative stress and lipid peroxidation, which was confirmed by significantly decreased SOD activity and increased MDA levels in mice gastric tissues. EOC pretreatment significantly increased SOD activity and decreased MDA levels, indicating that EOC protects the gastric mucosa against development of numerous lesions by inhibiting oxidative stress. These results demonstrate that EOC has anti-ulcerogenic activity and the mechanism underlying its gastric protective effect is associated with its antioxidant properties.

ABSTRACT Introduction Knee joint injury is a common sports injury and how to speed up the recovery process is a concern for all athletes. Objective Determine whether aquatic sports rehabilitation nursing can accelerate the rehabilitation process of knee joint injuries. Methods Thirty patients with knee ligament or meniscal injury were divided into an aquatic sports group and a control group. The control group assumed general recovery measures, while the aquatic exercise group was added another 8 weeks of rehabilitation nursing with aquatic exercises. The evolution of the degree of knee joint pain, knee joint range of motion, knee joint muscle strength and other indicators before and after the experiment were compared. Results After 8 weeks of intervention, pain and activities of daily living in the aquatic exercise group improved significantly compared with those before the experiment; the degree of recovery from knee joint injury in the aquatic exercise group was significantly better than that in the control group, and knee joint flexion range of motion, flexor and extensor muscle strength, and other indicators in the aquatic exercise group were significantly better than those in the control group. Conclusion Aquatic rehabilitation exercise can accelerate the recovery process of patients with knee joint injuries. Level of evidence II; Therapeutic studies - investigation of treatment outcomes.

RESUMEN Introducción La lesión de la articulación de la rodilla es una lesión deportiva común y acelerar el proceso de recuperación es una preocupación para todos los atletas. Objetivo Determinar si la enfermería de rehabilitación deportiva acuática puede acelerar el proceso de rehabilitación de las lesiones articulares de rodilla. Métodos Treinta pacientes con lesiones de ligamentos o meniscos de rodilla se dividieron en un grupo de deportes acuáticos y un grupo de control. El grupo de control asumió medidas generales de recuperación, mientras que al grupo de ejercicios acuáticos se le añadieron 8 semanas adicionales de enfermería de rehabilitación con ejercicios acuáticos. Se comparó la evolución del grado de dolor de la articulación de la rodilla, la amplitud de movimiento de la articulación de la rodilla, la fuerza muscular de la articulación de la rodilla y otros indicadores antes y después del experimento. Resultados Tras 8 semanas de intervención, el dolor y las actividades de la vida diaria en el grupo de ejercicio acuático mejoraron significativamente en comparación con los anteriores al experimento; el grado de recuperación de la lesión de la articulación de la rodilla en el grupo de ejercicio acuático fue significativamente mejor que el del grupo de control, y la amplitud de la flexión de la articulación de la rodilla, la fuerza muscular flexora y extensora y otros indicadores en el grupo de ejercicio acuático fueron significativamente mejores que los del grupo de control. Conclusión El ejercicio de rehabilitación acuática puede acelerar el proceso de recuperación de los pacientes con lesiones articulares de rodilla. Nivel de evidencia II; Estudios terapéuticos - investigación de los resultados del tratamiento.

RESUMO Introdução A lesão articular do joelho é uma lesão esportiva corriqueira e a maneira de acelerar o processo de recuperação é uma preocupação para todos os atletas. Objetivo Determinar se a enfermagem de reabilitação esportiva aquática pode acelerar o processo de reabilitação das lesões nas articulações do joelho. Métodos Trinta pacientes com lesão ligamentar ou meniscal do joelho foram divididos em grupo de esportes aquáticos e grupo de controle. O grupo de controle assumiu medidas gerais de recuperação, enquanto ao grupo de exercícios aquáticos acrescentou-se mais 8 semanas de enfermagem de reabilitação com exercícios aquáticos. Comparou-se a evolução do grau de dor na articulação do joelho, a amplitude de movimento da articulação do joelho, a força muscular da articulação do joelho e outros indicadores antes e depois da experiência. Resultados Após 8 semanas de intervenção, a dor e as atividades das atividades de vida diária no grupo de exercícios aquáticos melhoraram significativamente em comparação com aquelas antes do experimento; o grau de recuperação da lesão da articulação do joelho no grupo de exercícios aquáticos foi significativamente melhor do que o do grupo controle, e a amplitude de flexão da articulação do joelho, a força muscular flexora e extensora e outros indicadores no grupo de exercícios aquáticos foram significativamente melhores do que os do grupo controle. Conclusão O exercício de reabilitação aquática pode acelerar o processo de recuperação de pacientes com lesões articulares no joelho. Nível de evidência II; Estudos terapêuticos - investigação dos resultados do tratamento.

Abstract Microbial fermentation can be responsible for flavor production and increasing the nutritional quality of fermented fish foods. The study aimed to isolate non-halophilic bacteria possessing proteolysis and lipolysis properties as starter cultures for low-salt content fermentation of coarse fish. The strains with high enzyme activities were screened and multiple growth characteristics were analyzed. The content of amino acid nitrogen and trichloroacetic acid (TCA)-soluble peptides in fermented fish was also investigated under different fermentation conditions. Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) metabolomics analysis was utilized to monitor the metabolite profile of fermented fish paste. The isolate was identified as Bacillus velezensis DZ11. The strain DZ11 exhibited obvious hydrolysis properties of lipids and proteins. During the fermentation of fish paste, a total of 40 differential metabolites were identified, of which multiple metabolites changed significantly, including nutrient-related substances and flavor precursors. Salt concentration and strain DZ11 had important effects on the differential metabolites. B. velezensis DZ11 under longer fermentation time promoted the formation of flavor precursors and potentially increased the nutritional substances of low-salt fermented fish.

ABSTRACT Objective: To determine the absolute number of serum T lymphocytes and cytokine levels and the characteristics of patients with active pulmonary tuberculosis and to assess their effect on the immune status of these patients and their diagnostic and predictive value for tuberculosis. Methods: We included 1,069 patients with active tuberculosis, 51 patients with latent tuberculosis infection, and 600 health individuals. Absolute serum T-lymphocyte counts and cytokine levels were quantified. Results: T lymphocytes were significantly reduced in patients with active tuberculosis when compared with healthy individuals. The immune function of patients gradually decreased with age and was stronger in female patients than in males. Th1 cells expressed higher levels of cytokines than did Th2 cells. Logistic regression analysis showed that reduced CD3+ T, CD8+ T, and NK cell counts, as well as reduced IL-4 and IFN-g expression, were independent influencing factors for active tuberculosis. ROC analysis showed that the sensitivity and specificity of absolute CD3+ T and CD8+ T lymphocyte counts and combined factors were significantly higher than were those of IL-4 and IFN-g for diagnosing active tuberculosis. Conclusions: Serum T-lymphocyte counts and cytokine levels can assess the immune status of tuberculosis patients; they are also useful biomarkers for predicting and diagnosing tuberculosis.

RESUMO Objetivo: Determinar o número absoluto de linfócitos T séricos e os níveis de citocinas séricas, bem como as características, de pacientes com tuberculose pulmonar ativa e avaliar o efeito desses no estado imunológico desses pacientes e seu valor diagnóstico e preditivo para tuberculose. Métodos: Foram incluídos 1.069 pacientes com tuberculose ativa, 51 pacientes com tuberculose latente e 600 indivíduos saudáveis. Foram realizadas a contagem absoluta de linfócitos T séricos e a quantificação de citocinas séricas. Resultados: Os linfócitos T estavam significativamente reduzidos nos pacientes com tuberculose ativa em comparação com os indivíduos saudáveis. A função imunológica dos pacientes diminuiu gradativamente com a idade e mostrou-se mais forte nas mulheres do que nos homens. As células Th1 expressaram maiores níveis de citocinas do que as células Th2. A análise de regressão logística mostrou que contagens reduzidas de células T CD3+, T CD8+ e NK e expressão reduzida de IL-4 e IFN-g foram fatores de influência independentes para tuberculose ativa. A análise ROC mostrou que a sensibilidade e especificidade dos valores absolutos de linfócitos T CD3+ e T CD8+ e de fatores combinados foram significativamente maiores do que as da IL-4 e do IFN-g para o diagnóstico da tuberculose ativa. Conclusões: A contagem de linfócitos T séricos e os níveis de citocinas séricas podem avaliar o estado imunológico de pacientes com tuberculose; também são biomarcadores úteis na predição e diagnóstico da tuberculose.

Abstract Objective This study aimed to investigate the mid-pregnancy blood glucose levels of women with singleton or twin pregnancies. Method The relationship between blood glucose levels and Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM) was studied in women with different pre-pregnancy Body Mass Index (BMI), and the effect of GDM on twin pregnancy outcomes was analyzed. Women with twin (n= 1,985) and singleton (n= 1,985) pregnancies were categorized into underweight (BMI < 18.5 kg/m2, n= 597), normal weight (BMI: 18.5-23.9 kg/m2, n= 2,575), and overweight/obese (BMI ≥ 24 kg/m2, n= 798) groups. Results The incidence of GDM was 21.01% in women with twin pregnancies. Among the women with GDM in twin pregnancies, 38.37% had at least two abnormal blood glucose levels. The incidence of these parameters increased with preconception BMI, and the incidence of twin pregnancies was higher than that of singleton pregnancies (p < 0.001). In the normal weight and overweight/obese group, the oral glucose tolerance test glucose level and incidence of GDM were higher in women with twin than singleton pregnancies (p < 0.05). For twin pregnancies, the prevalence of selective fetal growth restriction was higher and anemia was lower in the GDM group than in the non-GDM group (all p < 0.05). Conclusion Therefore, a greater emphasis should be placed on BMI before conception, and well-controlled GDM does not increase adverse pregnancy outcomes for twin pregnancies.

Abstract This article performed a model of osteoporosis rats using the method of ovariectomy and observed efficacy of Tianchang Capsule on treatment of osteoporosis rats. Comparing the effect with positive drug to explore the mechanism of Tianchang Capsule in postmenopausal osteoporosis. Female SD rats were randomly assigned to 6 groups (10 in each group): control (sham-treated), OVX (by ovariectomy), OVX+AL (by ovariectomy, received alendronate sodium), OVX+LTC (by ovariectomy, received low dosage Tianchang Capsule), OVX+MTC (by ovariectomy, received middle dosage Tianchang Capsule), OVX+HTC (by ovariectomy, received high dosage Tianchang Capsule). After ovariectomy operation, alendronate or Tian Chang capsule were given for 12 weeks. Bone metabolism was measured by bone mineral density (BMD). With 12-week treatment, BMD reduced in OVX group, in bone formation and resorption parameters increased however, pathological sections indicated destruction of trabecular bone structure in the meanwhile (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01). In alendronate sodium and Tianchang Capsule treatments groups, comparing with control, both treatments significantly increased BMD level and improved the trabecular bone tissue damage, also inhibit excessive actively bone resorption and bone formation (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01). Tianchang Capsule were used as good natural drugs for the treatment of ovariectomy induced osteoporosis rats, by increasing bone mineral density, bone formation and bone resorption.

Abstract We aimed to evaluate the effect of red meat diet on gut microbiota in mice. Balb/c mice at weaning were randomized into control group and red meat groups with different proportions (25%, 50%, and 75%). Mice were fed with a standard pellet diet as control group, while those were fed with different proportions of red meat diet as red meat groups. After 8 weeks, they were sacrificed and their intestinal contents were obtained for 16S rRNA sequencing and bioinformatics analysis. Our results showed that there were significant-structural differences among the four groups. The top-two most abundant phylum were Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes. In the red meat groups, the abundance of Bacteroidetes was increased, but the abundance of Firmicutes was decreased. At the family level, Bacteroidaceae and Family XIII were significantly higher in the high-dose group than those in the control group. There were also significant differences in abundance of many genera. In conclusion, different proportions of red meat diet may lead to changes in gut microbial flora in mice. These changes may be pathological and may be related to the frequent occurrence of many diseases.

RESUMO: Com o rápido desenvolvimento da industrialização e da urbanização, o empreendedorismo voltando para cidade natal tem recebido cada vez mais atenção dos círculos sociais e acadêmicos. Nesse texto, adotando um método de análise estatística descritiva, analisamos a situação atual e o processo pelo qual os empreendedores do ecossistema de empreendedorismo voltando para cidade natal participam do desenvolvimento de oportunidades empreendedoras nas duas dimensões: aquisição de recursos e apoio institucional. E adotando o método de análise de rede social, exploramos o mecanismo de desenvolvimento de oportunidades de cada sujeito do ecossistema de empreendedorismo de retorno de cidade natal. Os resultados mostram que durante o desenvolvimento das oportunidades de empreendedorismo de retorno de cidade natal, todos os sujeitos do ecossistema de empreendedorismo de retorno de cidade natal participaram com seus próprios recursos e capacidades e promoveram conjuntamente o desenvolvimento de oportunidades. Durante o desenvolvimento dessas oportunidades, cada sujeito do ecossistema do empreendedorismo de retorno de cidade natal participou de diferentes formas e com diferentes ênfases. Este texto ajuda a enriquecer a pesquisa de integração da teoria do empreendedorismo de retorno de cidade natal e da teoria do ecossistema de inovação, e além disso fornece uma referência para realizar a revitalização rural e promover o desenvolvimento econômico regional.

ABSTRACT: With the rapid development of industrialization and urbanization, returning-home entrepreneurship has received increasing attention from social and academic circles. This paper adopted the method of descriptive statistics to analyze the current situation, and the process by which entrepreneurs in the returning-home entrepreneurship ecosystem participate in the development of entrepreneurial opportunities from two dimensions: resource acquisition and institutional support. This research adopted the method of social network analysis to explore the mechanism of opportunity development of each subject of the returning-home entrepreneurship ecosystem. The results showed that during the opportunity development of returning-home entrepreneurship, all the subjects in the returning-home entrepreneurship ecosystem participated with their own resources and capabilities and jointly promoted the development of opportunities. During the development of these opportunities, each subject in the returning-home entrepreneurship ecosystem participated in different ways and with different emphases. This paper enriched the integration research of returning-home entrepreneurship theory and innovation ecosystem theory, and provided a reference for realizing rural revitalization and promoting regional economic development.

The aims of the present study were to evaluate the expression of prolyl 4-hydroxylase subunit alpha 3 (P4HA3) in adipocytes and adipose tissue and to explore its effect on obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). We initially demonstrated that P4HA3 was significantly upregulated in the subcutaneous adipose tissue of obesity and T2DM patients, and its functional roles in adipocyte differentiation and insulin resistance were investigated using in vitro and in vivo models. The knockdown of P4HA3 inhibited adipocyte differentiation and improved insulin resistance in 3T3-L1 cells. In C57BL/6J db/db mice fed with a high fat diet (HFD), silencing P4HA3 significantly decreased fasting blood glucose and triglycerides (TG) levels, with concomitant decrease of body weight and adipose tissue weight. Further analysis showed that P4HA3 knockdown was correlated with the augmented IRS-1/PI3K/Akt/FoxO1 signaling pathway in the adipose and hepatic tissues of obese mice, which could improve hepatic glucose homeostasis and steatosis of mice. Together, our study suggested that the dysregulation of P4HA3 may contribute to the development of obesity and T2DM.

Abstract In this study, we aimed to explore the effect of altitude on reproductive ingredient and sex allocation of different colors of Anemone obtusiloba in populations. The variations of reproductive ingredient and sex allocation of three colors of Anemone obtusiloba in different four altitudinal gradients at the eastern Qinghai Tibetan Plateau were examined. Our results showed that with the increased altitude, gynoecium/flower, androceium/flower and gynoecium/individual were increased, but androceium/individual, gynoecium number/flower, androceium number/flower, gynoecium number/ individual and androceium number/individual in three flower color of Anemone obtusiloba were decreased. Besides, male allocation and ♂/♀ were also decreased, which showed female-biased sex allocation. Furthermore, in the four altitudinal gradients, the individual size of same color was positively correlated with reproductive ingredient, and altitude had a direct impact on size-dependent reproductive ingredient. However, there were not certain correlations between male allocation, ♂/♀ and individual size in the same color of Anemone obtusiloba. Moreover, in the four altitudinal gradients, the reproductive investment of same color was positively correlated with gynoecium and androceium, but there were not certain correlations between male allocation, ♂/♀ and reproductive investment. In conclusion, altitude had a significant effect on reproductive ingredient and sex allocation in different colors of Anemone obtusiloba. Different colors of Anemone obtusiloba all increased of female function with the increased altitude. However, there were difference in influence mechanism of altitude on size-dependent reproductive ingredient and distribution between female and male function of resource.

ABSTRACT The aim of this study was to detect the volatile components in co-fermented fruit wines made by Lycium ruthenicum Murray (LRM) and wine grapes using gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC-MS). A total of 52 kinds of volatile components were detected in the co-fermented fruit wines, more than those detected in commercially available Changyu dry red wine (30 kinds) and 0# wine (26 kinds) made by wine grapes in the laboratory. Esters (22 kinds) and alcohols (17 kinds) constituted a major proportion of co-fermented fruit wines, then followed by volatile acids, phenols, aldehydes and ketones. The relative intensity of aroma in the co-fermented fruit wines was greater than that of the Changyu wine and 0# wine, exhibiting a comprehensive fruit and floral aroma profile. Additionally, grape wines (containing Changyu wine and 0# wine) were distinguished from the co-fermented fruit wines (1#–9#), 1# wines distinguished from the other co-fermented fruit wines (2#–8#) in second layer of clustering, indicating that the composition of raw material and fermentation conditions were the main influencing factor in the attributes of volatile components. Overall, co-fermented fruit wines possess more advantages in composition of volatile components and aromas, which showed a richer volatile and aroma structures.

Abstract Salted duck egg white was desalted and hydrolyzed to produce angiotensin I-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitory peptides. Single factor test and response surface design were performed to determine the best hydrolysis conditions: enzyme dosage 11875.99 U/g, substrate concentration 33.04 g/L and hydrolysis time 4 h. The fraction V (MW < 1 kDa), which exhibited the strongest ACE inhibitory activity, was characterized by HPLC-ESI-MS/MS. Eighty-three peptides were identified, and among them Ile-Leu-Lys-Pro, Ile-Asn-Ser-Trp, Ile-Arg and His-Pro-Ala were synthesized for further research. Ile-Leu-Lys-Pro exhibited the highest ACE inhibitory activity (IC50: 0.355 mM). The molecular docking studies revealed that nine amino acids contributed to stabilize the docking complex. The ACE inhibition of Ile-Leu-Lys-Pro and Ile-Asn-Ser-Trp were mainly attributed to Ile in N-terminal. The residues Glu362 and Ala332 were the important binding sites in molecular docking. This research expands the understanding of ACE inhibitory peptides from duck egg white as well as highlights an opportunity for recycling an otherwise discarded byproduct.

Abstract Background: Unsubstantiated concerns have been raised on the potential correlation between severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) vaccination and infertility, leading to vaccine hesitancy in reproductive-aged population. Herein, we aim to evaluate the impact of inactivated SARS-CoV-2 vaccination on embryo ploidy, which is a critical indicator for embryo quality and pregnancy chance. Methods: This was a retrospective cohort study of 133 patients who underwent preimplantation genetic testing for aneuploidy (PGT-A) cycles with next-generation sequencing technology from June 1st 2021 to March 17th 2022 at a tertiary-care medical center in China. Women fully vaccinated with two doses of Sinopharm or Sinovac inactivated vaccines (n = 66) were compared with unvaccinated women (n = 67). The primary outcome was the euploidy rate per cycle. Multivariate linear and logistic regression analyses were performed to adjust for potential confounders. Results: The euploidy rate was similar between vaccinated and unvaccinated groups (23.2 ± 24.6% vs. 22.6 ± 25.9%, P = 0.768), with an adjusted β of 0.01 (95% confidence interval [CI]: -0.08–0.10). After frozen-thawed single euploid blastocyst transfer, the two groups were also comparable in clinical pregnancy rate (75.0% vs. 60.0%, P = 0.289), with an adjusted odds ratio of 6.21 (95% CI: 0.76–50.88). No significant associations were observed between vaccination and cycle characteristics or other laboratory and pregnancy outcomes. Conclusions: Inactivated SARS-CoV-2 vaccination had no detrimental impact on embryo ploidy during in vitro fertilization treatment. Our finding provides further reassurance for vaccinated women who are planning to conceive. Future prospective cohort studies with larger datasets and longer follow-up are needed to confirm the conclusion.

Abstract Using fig leaves as raw materials, extraction time, extraction temperature, solid to liquid ratio, and ultrasonic power were selected as influencing factors to analyze their effects on the yield of fig leaf polysaccharides (FLPS). The response surface methodology was carried out to optimize the extraction parameters. Furthermore, the antioxidant activity of FLPS was studied. The experimental results show that the optimum extraction conditions are: extraction time of 121 min, extraction temperature of 72 °C, solid to liquid ratio of 1: 48 g/mL, and ultrasonic power of 250 W. In this case, the measured extraction rate of FLPS was 11.78%, which was in agreement with the theoretical extraction rate. Response surface analysis was used to accurately and reliably optimize the extraction of FLPS. The results of the antioxidant activity showed that FLPS had antioxidant activity. It has the best scavenging effect on ABTS radical cation (ABTS+·), and it also has ability to scavenge DPPH radical (DPPH·), hydroxyl radical (·OH), superoxide anion radical (·O2-), and ferric reducing activity. This study laid a theoretical foundation for the further development and application of FLPS.

Abstract Background Unhealthy teeth can seriously affect general health and increase the risk of death in elderly people. There has been no confirmation of which device is most effective for elderly patients with teeth loss. Therefore, we compared four intubation devices in elderly patients with partial and total tooth loss aiming to reduce risk during anesthesia. Methods Two hundred patients were randomized to undergo tracheal intubation with the Macintosh laryngoscope, the Glidescope, the Fiberoptic bronchoscope or the Lightwand as part of general anesthesia. A unified protocol of anesthetic medications was used. HR and BP were measured at T0, T1, T2, T3, T4 and T5. Catecholamine (epinephrine and norepinephrine) blood samples were drawn at T0, T1 and T2. Intubation time and postoperative complications, including dental damage and losses, were recorded. Results Reduced fluctuations in HR, DBP, and SBP were observed in the Lightwand group. Intubation time was significantly shorter in the Lightwand group (p < 0.05). There was no statistically significant difference between the groups in epinephrine levels, but norepinephrine levels were less volatile in the Fiberoptic bronchoscope and Lightwand groups. Fewer patients in the Lightwand group experienced dental damage and other postoperative complications than in the other three groups. Although a higher success rate on the first attempt was as high as in the Fiberoptic bronchoscope group, shorter intubation time was observed only in the Lightwand group. Conclusion The Lightwand offers less hemodynamic stimulation than the Macintosh laryngoscope, Glidescope, and Fiberoptic bronchoscope. Because it had the shortest intubation time, the Lightwand caused the least damage to the teeth and throat of elderly patients. Our findings showed that tracheal intubation with the Lightwand was advantageous for preventing cardiovascular stress responses with short intubation times and fewer postoperative complications.