ABSTRACT Chronic ulcers of the lower limbs are common and recurrent, especially in the elderly population, they are disabling injuries that generate a great socioeconomic burden. This scenario encourages the development of new, low-cost therapeutic alternatives. The present study aims to describe the use of bacterial cellulose in the treatment of lower limb ulcers. This is an integrative literature review, carried out in the PubMed and Science Direct databases by associating the descriptors, with the inclusion criteria being clinical studies in the last 5 years, available in full in English, Portuguese and Spanish. Five clinical trials were analyzed and the main therapeutic effects obtained in the experimental groups that used bacterial cellulose dressings were a reduction in the area of the wounds, one of the studies showed a reduction of 44.18cm2 in the area of the wound, the initial lesions measured on average 89.46cm2 and at the end of the follow-up, they had an average of 45.28cm2, since the reduction in pain and the decrease in the number of exchanges were advantages described in all groups that used the BS. It is concluded that BC dressings are an alternative for the treatment of lower limb ulcers, their use also reduces operational costs related to the treatment of ulcers.

RESUMO As úlceras crônicas de membros inferiores são comuns e recorrentes principalmente na população idosa, são lesões incapacitantes e que geram grande ônus socioeconômico. Tal cenário incentiva o desenvolvimento de novas alternativas terapêuticas e de baixo custo. O presente estudo tem como objetivo descrever o uso da celulose bacteriana no tratamento de úlceras de membros inferiores. Trata-se de uma revisão integrativa da literatura, realizada nas bases de dados PubMed e Science Direct por meio da associação dos descritores, tendo como critério de inclusão estudos clínicos nos últimos 5 anos, disponíveis na integra em inglês, português e espanhol. Cinco ensaios clínicos foram analisados e os principais efeitos terapêuticos obtidos nos grupos experimentais que utilizaram os curativos de celulose bacteriana foram redução da área das feridas, um dos estudos apontou uma redução de 44,18cm2 da área da ferida, as lesões iniciais mediam em média 89,46cm2 e ao término do acompanhamento apresentaram uma média de 45,28cm2, já a redução da dor e diminuição do número de trocas foram vantagens descritas em todos os grupos que utilizaram a CB. Conclui-se que os curativos de CB são uma alternativa para o tratamento das úlceras de MMII, sua utilização reduz também os custos operacionais relacionados ao tratamento de úlceras.

Resumo O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o efeito de produtos clareadores naturais na cor, efeito clareador e propriedades superficiais do esmalte dentário. Setenta fragmentos de dente bovino foram obtidos (6mm x 6mm x 2mm). Foram realizadas leituras iniciais de rugosidade de superfície (Surfcorder SE1700, Kosakalab), microdureza (HMV-2, Shimadzu), cor (EasyShade, VITA) e brilho (Micro-Gloss 45º BYK, Gardner). As amostras foram separadas em cinco grupos (n=14), de acordo com os tratamentos utilizados: DC - dentifrício convencional (controle negativo); CA - carvão ativado; CM - cúrcuma; CB - casca de banana e PC16% - gel de peróxido de carbamida a 16% (controle positivo, 4h/dia por 14 dias), foram então escovadas por 560 ciclos (T1) e 1200 ciclos (T2), equivalente a 14 e 30 dias de escovação. Novas leituras foram realizadas após T1 e T2. A alteração do whiteness index for dentistry (∆WID) e perda de massa (Pm) foram calculadas. PC16% demonstrou a maior (p<0,05) alteração de cor (ΔE00) e ∆WID (2-way ANOVA, Bonferroni, p<0,05). A alteração de brilho foi menor para CM, PC16% e CB. DC e CA aumentaram a rugosidade de superfície (p<0,05). PC16% diminuiu a microdureza do esmalte. CA apresentou abrasividade média, e DC e CM, baixa abrasividade. Os produtos clareadores populares não foram eficientes para clareamento dental. Ademais, a escovação com carvão ativado aumentou a rugosidade de superfície do esmalte dentário, e com maior tempo PC16% diminuiu a microdureza do esmalte.

Abstract The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of natural bleaching products on the color, whiteness, and superficial properties of dental enamel. Seventy fragments of bovine teeth were obtained (6mm x 6mm x 2mm). Initial surface roughness (Surfcorder SE1700, Kosakalab), microhardness (HMV-2, Shimadzu), color (EasyShade, VITA), and surface gloss (Micro-Gloss 45º BYK, Gardner) readings were done. Samples were separated into five groups (n=14) according to the treatments used: CT-conventional toothpaste (negative control); CH-charcoal; TU-turmeric; BP-banana peel, and CP16%-16% carbamide peroxide gel (positive control, 4 h/day for 14 days), and then brushed for 560 cycles (T1) and 1200 cycles (T2), equivalent to 14 and 30 days of brushing. New measurements were performed after T1 and T2. The whiteness index for dentistry change (∆WID) and Weight loss (Wl) were calculated. CP16% demonstrated the highest (p<.05) color change (ΔE00) and ∆WID (2-way ANOVA, Bonferroni, p<.05). Surface gloss alterations were lower for TU, CP16%, and BP. CT and CH increased surface roughness (p<.05). CP16% decreased enamel microhardness. CH presented medium abrasiveness, and CT and TU, low abrasiveness. The popular bleaching products were not efficient for tooth whitening. Furthermore, brushing with charcoal increased the enamel surface roughness, and CP16% decreased enamel microhardness over time

RESUMO: A cisticercose bovina (CB) é uma doença importante no Brasil devido à sua detecção em abatedouros-frigoríficos que resulta em impactos econômicos aos criadores de bovinos, e um problema de saúde pública. Apesar da sua importância, o conhecimento sobre a sua epidemiologia e impacto persiste não completamente descritos em diversas áreas do país requer mais estudos. Portanto, esse estudo objetivou estabelecer a prevalência nos municípios e regiões do Estado do Espírito Santo de 2017 a 2019; estabelecer os fatores de risco associados; e estimar o impacto econômico aos pecuaristas. Durante o período, 2.330 casos de BC foram dectados entre os 407.529 bovinos inspecionados sob regime de inspeção federal (0,57%; I.C. 95% 0,55 - 0,60%), com maior frequência de cisticercos inviáveis (66,14%). Os pecuaristas perderam pelo menos US$153.000,20 devido à ocorrência de CB durante o período. As áreas de maior risco para a enfermidade nesse estado estão nas mesoregiões Metropolitana (OR = 9,19), Litoral Sul (OR = 7,77), Caparó (OR = 7,44), e Central Sul (OR = 7,19), respectivamente. A doença foi detectada em animais de 67 municípios e a prevalência da enfermidade foi maior em áreas com elevada densidade populacional humana (OR = 1,58; p = 0,01). Assim, conclui-se que a CB é uma importante doença para a cadeia da carne bovina no estado, além de uma importante causa de perdas econômicas, principalmente em algumas áreas, e necessita, urgentemente, da adoação de medidas profiláticas para reduzir a ocorrência desse parasita.

ABSTRACT: Bovine cysticercosis (BCC) is an important disease in Brazil due to its detection in abattoirs, resulting in economic losses for cattle farmers, and a public health corcern. Besides its importance, the knowledge about BCC epidemiology and impact remains not fully described in several areas in this country, requiring more studies. Thus, this study focused on establishing BCC prevalence in the regions and municipalities of the state of Espírito Santo from 2017 to 2019, establishing the associated risk factors, and estimating the economic losses for cattle farmers. A set of 2,330 cases of BCC was detected in the 407,529 bovine inspected by Federal Inspection Service (0.57%; C.I. 95% 0.55 - 0.60%) with a higher detection of unviable cysticercus (66.14%). The beef producers lost at least US$153,000.20 due to BCC through this period. The highest risk for BCC infection occurred in Metropolitana (OR = 9.19), Litoral Sul (OR = 7.77), Caparó (OR = 7.44), and Central Sul (OR = 7.19) mesoregions, respectively. The BCC was detected in animals from 67 municipalities and its prevalence increased in areas with high human population density (OR = 1.58;; p = 0.01). In conclusion, BCC is an important disease for beef production chain in the Brazilian state of Espírito Santo and a cause of economic losses, mainly in some areas, and urgently requires the adoption of prophylactic strategies to reduce the ocurrence of this parasite.

RESUMO Neste trabalho foi desenvolvido um biocompósito biodegradável a base de amido de banana verde (ABV) associado à celulose bacteriana (CB) e glicerina (GL), visando aplicação em produtos de rápida descartabilidade. Para a extração do amido, bananas verdes foram lavadas, cortadas e submersas em bissulfito de sódio a 1%, armazenadas em geladeira por 24 h, trituradas em liquidificador com água destilada e peneiradas. O amido precipitado foi disposto em placas de Petri e seco em estufa a 37 °C. Para avaliação da melhor composição com características hidrofóbicas e hidrofílicas, foi realizado um planejamento fatorial 23 completo com 3 pontos centrais, totalizando 11 amostras, sendo avaliada a influência da concentração de farelo de CB nos níveis 10 e 30 g/L, GL nas concentrações de 0 e 16 g/L e metiltrietoxisilano (MTES) na etapa de silanização nas concentrações de 0 e 4% em solução alcoólica. A análise de ângulo de contato permitiu identificar a hidrofobicidade das amostras comprovando a eficácia da silanização. Com base nas medidas de ângulo de contato das amostras foram produzidos os corpos de prova para caracterização contendo 20 g/L de CB, 8 g/L de GL e 4% de silano, uma vez que quanto maior concentração de silano, maior foi a hidrofobicidade do material. A análise de espectroscopia no infravermelho com transformada de Fourier (FTIR) apontou as bandas características de silano, comprovando a reação química com MTES, sendo também possível constatar a existência do amido, CB e GL. A análise termogravimétrica (TGA) demonstrou que a temperatura de degradação máxima da amostra ABV/FCB/GLcs silanizada (4%) se apresenta em Tmáx3= 310°C. Com o teste de degrabilidade em solo foi possível identificar que as amostras funcionalizadas demoram mais para degradar em comparação com as não silanizadas devido à sua barreira a umidade, característica que desacelera a degradação por microorganismos.

ABSTRACT In this work, a biodegradable biocomposite was developed, the green banana starch (GBS) associated with bacterial cellulose (BC) and glycerin (GL), aiming for application in rapid disposability products. For starch extraction, green bananas were washed, cut and submerged in 1% sodium bisulfite, stored in the refrigerator for 24 h, crumbled in a blender with distilled and sieved water. The precipitated starch was disposed of on Petri dishes and dried in an oven at 37°C. A complete factorial planning was carried out to evaluate the best composition with hydrophobic and hydrophilic characteristics with 3 central points, totaling 11 samples, the influence of BC bran concentration at levels 10 and 30 g/L, concentrations of 0 and 16 g/L and methyltriethoxisilane (MTES) in the silanization stage in concentrations of 0 and 4% in alcoholic solution. The contact angle analysis allowed identifying samples’ hydrophobicity, proving silanization effectiveness. Based on the contact angle measurements of the samples, the proof bodies for characterization were produced containing 20 g/L of BC, 8 g/L of GL and 4% silane since the higher concentration of silane, the greater material hydrophobicity. The infrared spectroscopy analysis with Fourier transform (FTIR) pointed out the silane characteristics bands, proving the chemical reaction with MTES, and it is also possible to see the existence of starch, BC and GL. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) demonstrated that the maximum degradation temperature of the sample GBS /FBC/GLcs silanized (4%) is Tmax3= 310 °C. With the soil degradability test, it was possible to identify that the functionalized samples take longer to degrade than those not silanized because of their barrier moisture, a characteristic that slows down microorganisms’ degradation.

RESUMO Racional: Complicações biliares (CB) são os eventos adversos mais frequentes após o transplante de fígado, ocorrendo em até 34% dos procedimentos. Objetivo: Identificar fatores de risco modificáveis para o aparecimento de complicações biliares após transplantes de fígado, essenciais para diminuir morbidade. Método: Investigação dos dados clínicos, características anatômicas de receptores e doadores e informações sobre a operação de 306 transplantes com artéria hepática pérvia, para identificar fatores de risco associados ao aparecimento de CB. Resultados: CB ocorreu em 22,9% após 126 dias (mediana) do transplante. Em análise univariada pacientes do grupo 1 (sem CB, n=236) e grupo 2 (com CB, n=70) não diferiram em suas características gerais. CB esteve relacionada à idade do receptor menor que 40 anos (p=0,029), infecção pelo citomegalovírus (CMV, p=0,021), doença biliar como indicação ao transplante (p=0,018), RNI pré-transplante mais baixo (p=0,009) e diâmetro do ducto biliar <3 mm (p=0,033). Infecções pelo CMV ocorreram mais precocemente em pacientes com CB (p=0,07). Na análise multivariada, somente infecção por ele, INR mais baixo e menor diâmetro do ducto biliar mantiveram correlação com CB. Antigenemia positiva para CMV correlacionou com CB mesmo em títulos inferiores ao cutoff para tratamento. Conclusões: CB após transplante hepático esteve relacionada com menores RNI do receptor antes da operação, diâmetro do ducto biliar <3 mm e antigenemia ou manifestação clínica positiva para CMV. Como único fator de risco evitável, tratamento preemptivo para inibição do CMV é sugerido para diminuir morbidade biliar após o transplante.

ABSTRACT Background - Biliary complications (BC) represent the most frequent complication after liver transplantation, up to 34% of cases. Aim: To identify modifiable risk factors to biliary complications after liver transplantation, essential to decrease morbidity. Method: Clinical data, anatomical characteristics of recipient and donors, and transplant operation features of 306 transplants with full arterial patency were collected to identify risk factors associated with BC. Results: BC occurred in 22.9% after 126 days (median) post-transplantation. In univariate analyses group 1 (without BC, n=236) and group 2 patients (with BC, n=70) did not differ on their general characteristics. BC were related to recipient age under 40y (p=0.029), CMV infection (p=0.021), biliary disease as transplant indication (p=0.018), lower pre-transplant INR (p=0.009), and bile duct diameter <3 mm (p=0.033). CMV infections occurred sooner in patients with postoperative biliary complications vs. control (p=0.07). In a multivariate analysis, only CMV infection, lower INR, and shorter bile duct diameter correlated with BC. Positive CMV antigenemia correlated with biliary complications, even when titers lied below the treatment threshold. Conclusions: Biliary complications after liver transplantation correlated with low recipient INR before operation, bile duct diameter <3 mm, and positive antigenemia for CMV or disease manifestation. As the only modifiable risk factor, routine preemptive CMV inhibition is suggested to diminish biliary morbidity after liver transplant.

ABSTRACT. This study evaluated the effect of replacing corn silage with spineless cactus, in combination with Tifton 85 hay or sugarcane bagasse, on the carcass measurements and sensory properties of the meat of lambs finished in feedlot. Twenty-one, intact, Santa Inês males, with an initial body weight of 22.86 ± 2.87 kg and an average age of 150 days, were individually confined for 74 days and fed at will three treatments diets: Corn silage (CS); Spineless cactus + Tifton 85 hay (CT) and Spineless cactus + sugarcane bagasse (CB). Lambs fed CT had a wider croup (p < 0.05) compared to animals fed CS. The replacement of corn silage with CT or CB did not influence (p > 0.05) the body length, withers height or chest circumference of the lambs. Values of carcass length and compactness index were similar (p > 0.05) between treatments. There was a high and positive correlation (p < 0.05) between chest width (0.82) and chest circumference (0.81) of animals with cold carcass weight. The odor and taste of sheep meat fed CT or CB was more accepted when compared to the meat of animals fed corn silage. The replacement of corn silage with spineless cactus in combination with Tifton 85 hay or sugarcane bagasse improves the sensory quality of sheep meat, but does not interfere with carcass measurements.

BACKGROUND Zika virus (ZIKV) was recognised as a zoonotic pathogen in Africa and southeastern Asia. Human infections were infrequently reported until 2007, when the first known epidemic occurred in Micronesia. After 2013, the Asian lineage of ZIKV spread along the Pacific Islands and Americas, causing severe outbreaks with millions of human infections. The recent human infections of ZIKV were also associated with severe complications, such as an increase in cases of Guillain-Barre syndrome and the emergence of congenital Zika syndrome. OBJECTIVES To better understand the recent and rapid expansion of ZIKV, as well as the presentation of novel complications, we compared the genetic differences between the African sylvatic lineage and the Asian epidemic lineage that caused the recent massive outbreaks. FINDINGS The epidemic lineages have significant codon adaptation in NS1 gene to translate these proteins in human and Aedes aegypti mosquito cells compared to the African zoonotic lineage. Accordingly, a Brazilian epidemic isolate (ZBR) produced more NS1 protein than the MR766 African lineage (ZAF) did, as indicated by proteomic data from infections of neuron progenitor cells-derived neurospheres. Although ZBR replicated more efficiently in these cells, the differences observed in the stoichiometry of ZIKV proteins were not exclusively explained by the differences in viral replication between the lineages. MAIN CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that natural, silent translational selection in the second half of 20th century could have improved the fitness of Asian ZIKV lineage in human and mosquito cells.

Staphylococcus aureus subsp. aureus, commonly referred as S. aureus, is an important bacterial pathogen frequently involved in hospital- and community-acquired infections in humans, ranging from skin infections to more severe diseases such as pneumonia, bacteraemia, endocarditis, osteomyelitis, and disseminated infections. Here, we report the complete closed genome sequence of a community-acquired methicillin-resistant S. aureus strain, USA400-0051, which is a prototype of the USA400 clone.

RESUMO Objetivo: avaliar a eficácia de curativos com membrana de Celulose Bacteriana (CB) no tratamento de úlceras venosas de membros inferiores. Métodos: estudo prospectivo, randomizado e controlado de 25 pacientes com úlceras decorrentes de doença venosa crônica nos membros inferiores provenientes do Serviço de Angiologia e Cirurgia Vascular do Hospital de Clínicas da Universidade Federal de Pernambuco e da Policlínica do Salgado da Secretaria Municipal de Saúde, Caruaru, Pernambuco. Os pacientes foram distribuídos aleatoriamente em dois grupos: grupo controle, que recebeu curativos com óleo de triglicerídeos (11 pacientes) e grupo experimental, tratado com membrana de CB (14 pacientes). Os pacientes foram acompanhados por um período de 120 dias. Resultados: houve uma redução na área de ferida em ambos os grupos. Não houve infecção ou reações ao produto em nenhum dos grupos. Pacientes do grupo CB mostraram diminuição da dor e interrupção mais precoce do uso de analgésicos. Conclusão: a membrana de CB pode ser usada como curativo para o tratamento de úlceras varicosas dos membros inferiores.

ABSTRACT Objective: to evaluate the efficacy of Bacterial Cellulose (BC) membrane dressings in the treatment of lower limb venous ulcers. Methods: we carried out a prospective, randomized, controlled study of 25 patients with chronic venous ulcer disease in the lower limbs from the Angiology and Vascular Surgery Service of the Federal University of Pernambuco Hospital and from the Salgado Polyclinic of the County Health Department, Caruaru, Pernambuco. We randomly assigned patients to two groups: control group, receiving dressings with triglyceride oil (11 patients) and experimental group, treated with BC membrane (14 patients). We followed the patients for a period of 120 days. Results: There was a reduction in the wound area in both groups. There were no infections or reactions to the product in any of the groups. Patients in the BC group showed decreased pain and earlier discontinuation of analgesic use. Conclusion: BC membrane can be used as a dressing for the treatment of varicose ulcers of the lower limbs.

RESUMO Este trabalho almejou produzir celulose bacteriana (CB), obter nanocristais de celulose bacteriana (NCCB), incorporar NCCB como reforço em poli(L-ácido láctico) (PLLA) e avaliar propriedades destes bionanocompósitos. Foram produzidas membranas de CB provenientes da bactéria Gluconacetobacter hansenii. A partir das membranas foram obtidos NCCB por hidrólise com ácido sulfúrico (H2SO4), com base em 11 experimentos. Os parâmetros variados nos experimentos foram: concentração de H2SO4, temperatura e tempo. Pode-se definir critérios de obtenção de NCCB por análise termogravimétrica (TGA) e análise de espalhamento dinâmico de luz (DLS). Principais resultados indicam possibilidade de obtenção na condição de: 80% de concentração de H2SO4 (m/m), 60 ºC e 60 min. Para esta condição obteve-se tamanhos adequados dos NCCB (média de 388 nm), potencial zeta adequado (-38 mV) e estabilidade térmica adequada (Tonset2 = 301,9 ºC). Posteriormente, NCCB obtidos conforme critérios definidos foram incorporados ao PLLA em duas concentrações (2,5 e 5%), utilizando dois métodos (sem e com funcionalização dos NCCB). Os bionanocompósitos preparados foram caracterizados por TGA e calorimetria explanatória diferencial (DSC). Resultados das técnicas de caracterização dos bionanocompósitos foram comparados com resultados do PLLA puro. Principais resultados em relação aos métodos, revelam a importância da funcionalização dos NCCB antes de incorporá-los ao PLLA. Sobre a concentração de reforço utilizada, o aumento da estabilidade térmica foi gradual, conforme teor de reforço, sendo que para o bionanocompósito com 5% de NCCB funcionalizados o incremento foi de 10,4 ºC na Tonset2 em relação ao PLLA puro. Contudo, o grau de cristalinidade diminuiu (Xc do PLLA puro = 40,38% e Xc do bionanocompósito com 5% de NCCB funcionalizados = 24,73%). Conclui-se que a adição de NCCB em PLLA é ambientalmente viável e promove melhoria de propriedades.

ABSTRACT This work aimed to produce bacterial cellulose, to obtain bacterial cellulose nanocrystals, to incorporate nanocrystals as a reinforcement in poly(L-lactic acid) and to evaluate the properties of these bionanocomposites. Bacterial cellulose membranes from the bacterium Gluconacetobacter hansenii were produced. From the membranes were obtained nanocrystals by hydrolysis with sulfuric acid (H2SO4), based on 11 experiments. The parameters varied in the experiments were: concentration of H2SO4, temperature and time. It is possible to define criteria for obtaining nanocrystals by thermogravimetric analysis and analysis of dynamic scattering of light. Main results indicate the possibility of obtaining in the condition of: 80% concentration of H2SO4 (m/m), 60 °C and 60 min. For this condition, suitable sizes of the nanocrystals (mean 388 nm), suitable zeta potential (-38 mV) and adequate thermal stability (Tonset2 = 301.9 °C) were obtained. Subsequently, nanocrystals obtained according to defined criteria were incorporated into poly(L-lactic acid) in two concentrations (2,5 and 5%), using two methods (without and with functionalization of nanocrystals). The prepared bionanocomposites were characterized by thermogravimetric analysis and differential explanatory calorimetry. Results of the techniques of characterization of bionanocomposites were compared with results of pure poly(L-lactic acid). Main results regarding the methods, reveal the importance of the functionalization of the nanocrystals before incorporating them to the poly(L-lactic acid). On the reinforcement concentration used, the increase of the thermal stability was gradual, according to reinforcement content, and for the bionanocomposite with 5% functionalized nanocrystals the increase was of 10,4 ºC in the Tonset2 in relation to the poly(L-lactic acid) pure. However, the degree of crystallinity decreased (Xc of pure PLLA = 40,38% and Xc of bionanocomposite with 5% of functionalized nanocrystals = 24,73%). It is concluded that the addition of bacterial cellulose nanocrystals in poly(L-lactic acid) is environmentally feasible and improves properties.

ABSTRACT In order to evaluate the antioxidant effects of barbatimão (BAR) or pacari (PAC) on chicken meat oxidative stability and quality, seven dietary treatments containing in three different BAR and PAC concentrations (200, 400 and 600ppm) plus a negative control (CONT) were fed to 350 broilers from 1 to 41 days of age. Ten birds per treatment were slaughtered to collect breast and thigh meat to evaluate pH, color (L*, a*, b*), cooking weight loss (CWL), and shear force (SF) 24 hours postmortem, and TBARS levels in precooked meatballs stored chilled for 8days. The dietary supplementation with BAR and PAC extracts did not affect pH and color, but reduced (p<0.05) SF in breast meat compared with CONT suggesting improved tenderness. PAC200 increased (p<0.05) L* and protected (p<0.05) yellow pigments (b* values) of thigh meat from degradation compared with the CONT diet. At the end of the chilled storage period, BAR600 and PAC600 significantly reduced (p<0.06) MDA concentrations in breast meatballs compared to the CONT. The dietary supplementation of BAR and PAC improved (p<0.03) oxidative stability of thigh meatballs, except for BAR200. In conclusion, the dietary addition of BAR and PAC extracts may improve meat quality and prevent lipid oxidation in white and dark precooked and chilled chicken meatballs.

RESUMO Objetivo Estimar a frequência de prescrição de medicamentos potencialmente inapropriados (MPI) para idosos institucionalizados em um hospital psiquiátrico. Métodos Estudo descritivo, transversal, baseado em análise de prescrições médicas para indivíduos com idade igual ou superior a 65 anos (n = 40), elaboradas no mês de janeiro de 2013 e coletadas de prontuários médicos em uma instituição hospitalar pública, especializada em saúde mental. Foram analisadas variáveis sociodemográficas e clínicas relativas ao idoso. Os medicamentos prescritos foram categorizados pelos Critérios de Beers (CB), em: 1) MPI que devem ser evitados em qualquer condição clínica; 2) MPI nas condições clínicas identificadas no estudo; 3) medicamentos que devem ser utilizados com precaução em idosos. Resultados Houve predomínio do sexo feminino (62,5%, n = 25/40). Em relação à idade, a média foi de 73 anos (66-93 anos). O tempo médio de internamento foi de 15 anos e o principal diagnóstico foi esquizofrenia (56,4%; n = 22/39). A prevalência de polifarmácia foi 70%. Os medicamentos mais prescritos foram prometazina e haloperidol. Em relação aos CB, observou-se que 40,2% (n = 90/224) dos medicamentos prescritos foram classificados como MPI em qualquer condição clínica; 38,8% (n = 87/224) MPI em determinadas condições clínicas e 23,7% (n = 53/224) pertenciam a categoria dos medicamentos que devem ser utilizados com cautela em idosos. Conclusão Obteve-se uma elevada prevalência de MPI para idosos, quando comparada com estudos semelhantes. Os CB contribuíram para a análise das prescrições, possibilitando a identificação de medicamentos que podem potencializar os riscos de desenvolvimento de iatrogenias ou agravamento de patologias preexistentes.

ABSTRACT Objective To estimate the frequency of prescription of potentially inappropriate medications (PIM) for institutionalized older adults in a psychiatric hospital. Methods Descriptive study, transversal, based on analysis of prescriptions for individuals aged over 65 years (n = 40), drawn up in January 2013 and collected from medical records in a public hospital. Sociodemographic and clinical variables were analyzed. Medications were categorized by Beers Criteria (BC): 1) PMI which should be avoided in any clinical condition; 2) MPI to avoid in older adults with certain diseases identified on the study; 3) medications to be used with caution in older adults. Results There was a predominance of females (62.5%, n = 25/40). Regarding age, the average was 73 years (66-93 years). The inpatient average time was 15 years and the main diagnosis was schizophrenia (56.4%; n = 22/39). The prevalence of polypharmacy was 70%. The most commonly prescribed drugs were promethazine and haloperidol. Regarding the CB, it was observed that 40.2% (n = 90/224) of the prescribed drugs have been classified as PIM in any clinical condition; 38.8% (n = 87/224) PIM in specific clinical conditions and 23.7% (n = 53/224) belonged to the category of drugs that should be used with caution in the older adults. Conclusion We obtained a high prevalence of PMI for older adults compared with similar studies. The BC contributed to the analysis of the requirements, enabling the identification of drugs that may enhance the risk of developing iatrogenic or worsening of preexisting conditions.

Mesoporous silica supports (aerogels) were used to immobilize Burkholderia cepacia lipase (BC) by encapsulation (EN or ENIL), physical adsorption (ADS or ADSIL) and covalent binding (CB or CBIL) into or onto the aerogel modified with protic ionic liquid (PIL). Yield immobilization (Ya) and operational stability were determined by the hydrolytic reaction of olive oil. Ya (37% to 83% by physical adsorption) and operational stability (2 to 23 batches by encapsulation) increased when the support was modified with PIL. For immobilized derivates observed by the BET method, in this case ADS and CB for ADSIL and CBIL, increased pores size was observed, possibly due to the higher amount of BC immobilized conferring Ya and operational stability. This effect was probably attributed to the entry of the enzyme into the pores of the silica aerogel structure. SEM images showed a change in the structure and properties of immobilized lipase derived with PIL. A characteristic FTIR band was obtained for the silanol groups and amides I, IV and V, demonstrating the efficiency of immobilization of BC. The most efficient biocatalysts were ADSIL with regard to yield immobilization and ENIL for operational stability.

ABSTRACT An experiment was conducted to evaluate the addition of the oil resins ofsucupira (Pterodon emarginatus Vog.) and copaiba (Copaifera langsdorffii) to broiler diets on chicken meat composition, quality, and lipid peroxidation. 350 one-d-old broiler chicks were submitted to seven treatments, consisting of the diets supplemented with copaiba (COP) or sucupira (SUC) resin oils at three different concentrations (500, 900, and 1300 ppm) plus a negative control diet (CONT). At 37 days of age, 10 birds per treatment were selected according to the average weight of the experimental unit and slaughtered to collect breast and thigh meat, which was stored at 4°C for 24 hours to evaluate pH, color (L*, a*, b*), cooking weight loss (CWL), and shear force (SF). Raw meat was vacuum packed and stored frozen until lipid peroxidation analysis. Meat samples were pooled to prepare pre-cooked meatballs (30 ± 0.5g), stored under refrigeration (eight days), and analyzed every two days for TBARS concentration. Results were analyzed using the PROC GLM and MIXED procedures (SAS statistical software). Plant oils increased (p<0.05) breast meat humidity (HU) and crude protein (CP) levels and reduced (p<0.05) total lipid (TLC) and ash (AS) levels when compared with the CONT treatment. Plant oils increased (p<0.05) thigh meat HU when compared with the CONT. High COP dietary levels reduced (p<0.05) breast meat CWL, and increased (p<0.05) thigh meat L* values when compared to CONT, except for SUC500 and SUC900. The dietary inclusion of plant oil resins showed a pro-oxidant effect (p<0.01) on breast meat when compared with the CONT. Low SUC dietary supplementation levels significantly reduced (p<0.01) the concentration of secondary oxidation products in thigh meat.

Objectives To compare the effect of the consumption of buriti oil and soybean oil on the metabolism of rats under stress induced by iron overload.Materials and methods A total of 28 rats were randomized into control groups who consumed diet added of soybean (CS) or buriti oil (CB) and gavage with saline and two experimental groups who consumed diet added of soybean (ES) or buriti oil (EB) and daily gavage with iron II sulfate as stress inducer. The fatty acid profile of diets was analyzed. Body weight and diet consumption were evaluated every two days. The lipid profile and liver weight of animals were evaluated at the end of the experiment.Results Diet added of soybean oil showed higher percentage of polyunsaturated fatty acids (45.6%) and diet with buriti oil was rich in monounsaturated fatty acids (66.9%). There were no differences in food intake, total cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol among groups (p > 0.05). However, animals fed with diet supplemented with buriti oil showed intermediate triglyceride levels (CB: 65 mg/dL; EB: 68.7 mg/dL) compared to ES group (102.5 mg/dL). The liver of rats from the CS group had higher weight (2.06 ± 0.2 g) compared to the CB group (1.56 ± 0.1 g).Conclusion Buriti oil consumption was able to minimize some changes related to iron overload.