ABSTRACT Due to the supposed involvement of minerals in cases of ruminant periodontitis, this study aimed to analyze the concentrations of phosphorus (P) in bone, and cobalt (Co), copper (Co), iron (Fe), zinc (Zn) and selenium (Se) in liver of a cohort of sheep affected or not by periodontitis. From an outbreak of the disease in 2011 in Pará state, Brazil, rib and liver samples were obtained from 22 sheep with periodontitis and seven samples from healthy animals. Based on the concentrations of the different minerals in the tissues, we concluded that there was no relationship between periodontal disease in sheep with any mineral deficiency status. In contrast, most of the minerals in the tissues were above or within the recommended concentrations in bone and liver. Within the various aspects which until now have been studied regarding periodontitis in ruminants, the results obtained here corroborate the fact that periodontal disease in sheep is an infectious disease and it is not a consequence of the deficiency or excess of mineral elements in the diet.

RESUMO Devido ao suposto envolvimento de minerais em casos de periodontite em ruminantes, este trabalho teve como objetivo analisar as concentrações de fósforo (P) nos ossos, além de cobalto (Co), cobre (Co), ferro (Fe), zinco (Zn) e selênio (Se), no fígado de ovelhas afetadas ou não por periodontite. De um surto da doença em 2011, no estado do Pará, Brasil, foram obtidas amostras de costelas e fígado de 22 ovelhas com periodontite e sete amostras de animais saudáveis. Com base nas concentrações dos diferentes minerais nos tecidos, conclui-se que não houve relação entre a doença periodontal em ovinos com qualquer estado de deficiência mineral. A maioria dos minerais estava acima ou dentro das concentrações recomendadas, seja no tecido ósseo, seja no hepático. Entre os diversos aspectos até agora estudados sobre a periodontite em ruminantes, os resultados obtidos corroboram o fato de a doença periodontal em ovinos ser uma doença infecciosa e não decorrente da deficiência ou do excesso de elementos minerais na dieta.

Abstract The present study aimed to evaluate the effect of alkaline treatments with urea, NaOH and Ca(OH)2 on chemical composition and in situ ruminal degradability of dry matter, crud protein and neutral detergent fiber of sugarcane tip hay. Samples were incubated in the rumen of three cannulated cattle for up to 72 hours in a split plot randomized block design. Ammoniation with 6% urea increased (p<0.05) the crude protein content by 13% and reduced the neutral detergent fiber and insoluble nitrogen content of the hay. When treated with the highest doses of the compounds, there was a high potential degradability of dry matter, crude protein and neutral detergent fiber, and a shorter neutral detergent fiber lag time. Ammoniation with urea promotes a reduction in the content of NDF, hemicellulose and insoluble nitrogen, with an increase in the content of CP in the hay, with emphasis for the level of 6% urea. The ruminal degradation of sugarcane tip hay increases with alkaline treatments using 6% urea or 3% NaOH, however, ammoniation with urea is indicated for the treatment of hay, as this is low cost and can be easily adopted by farmers in the semiarid region.

This research aimed at identifying the competitive criteria that, together with modularisation, impacted the differentiation strategy in industries manufacturing machinery and equipment in Brazil. This was survey-type research that used structural equation modelling (SEM-PLS) for data analysis. A total of 236 responses were obtained from participants in Brazilian machinery and equipment companies in the area of R, including directors, managers, coordinators, and supervisors. From this sample, the results show that applied modularisation positively impacted the competitive criteria related to innovation, quality, and flexibility, whereas, when applied to the delivery costs and performance criteria, it did not contribute to a competitive differential. Since it deals with a non-probabilistic sample by convenience, the present model does not represent the relationship between the constructs in a definitive way, for it concerns a model that address a sample of the machinery and equipment manufacturing industry, referring to ISIC D28, from Brazil.

Die doel van hierdie studie is om die mededingendheidskriteria wat, saam met modularisering, die differensiasiestrategie in die masjinerie en toerusting vervaardigingsindustrie in Brasilië beïnvloed het. Hierdie meningspeiling gebaseerde navorsing het gebruikgemaak van strukturele vergelyklingsmodelering om die data te ontleed. 236 reaksies is vanaf deelnemers verkry, met 'n verskeidenheid van rolle in die bedryf, naamlik direkteure, bestuurders, koördineerders en toesighouers. Die resultate van die steekproef toon dat toegepaste modularisering 'n positiewe invloed op die mededingendheidskriteria, insluitend innovasie, gehalte, en buigsaamheid, gehad het. Dit het egter nie 'n noemenswaardige invloed op afleweringskoste of vertoningskriteria gehad nie. Aangesien dit aan die hand van n nie-stogastiese steekproef afgelei is, is die resultate nie veralgemeenbaar nie. Die resultate is beperk tot die masjinerie en toerusting vervaardigingsindustrie in Brailië.

RESUMO O uso de soluções eletrolíticas hipotônicas na hidratação enteral ainda é pouco estudado em bezerros. O objetivo do presente estudo foi avaliar os efeitos de soluções eletrolíticas enterais de manutenção com diferentes concentrações de acetato de sódio e diferentes osmolaridades em bezerros. Para isso, foram utilizados 18 bezerros, seis machos e 12 fêmeas, holandeses, com 20 dias de nascidos e pesando por volta dos 52kg. Os animais foram divididos aleatoriamente em três grupos e cada grupo recebeu um dos tratamentos. As três soluções eletrolíticas continham os mesmos componentes, mas em diferentes concentrações, resultando em uma solução hiposmótica, uma isosmótica e uma hiperosmótica. Cada animal foi mantido em hidratação enteral durante 12 horas com taxa de infusão de 15mL kg-1h-1. Foram aferidos perímetro abdominal, peso corporal, consistência das fezes, glicose e lactato plasmático, pH, pCO2, HCO- 3 e excesso de base nos seguintes tempos: T0h, T6h, T12h e T24h. A solução hiposmótica não gerou aparecimento de diarreia, enquanto a isosmótica e a hiperosmótica geraram. Independentemente da dose utilizada, o acetato não causou alcalose metabólica nos animais avaliados. Os resultados sugerem que o uso da solução hiposmótica em bezerros diarreicos, desidratados e sem acidose metabólica, pode ser clinicamente importante.

ABSTRACT The use of hypotonic electrolytic solutions in enteral fluid therapy is still understudied in calves. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the effects of maintenance enteral electrolytic solutions with different concentrations of sodium acetate and different osmolarities in calves. For this, 18 Holstein calves, six male and 12 female, 20 days old and weighing around 52kg, were used. The animals were randomly divided into three groups and each group received one of the treatments. The three electrolytic solutions contained the same components in different concentrations, resulting in a hyposmotic, an isosmotic and a hyperosmotic solution. Each animal was maintained in enteral fluid therapy for 12 hours with infusion rate of 15mL kg-1 h-1. Abdominal circumference, body weight, feces consistency, glucose and plasma lactate, pH, pCO2, HCO- 3 and BE were measured at the following times: T0h, T6h, T12h and T24h. The hyposmotic solution did not generate the onset of diarrhea, while the isosmotic and the hyperosmotic did. Regardless of the dose used, acetate did not cause metabolic alkalosis in the evaluated animals. The results suggest that the use of hyposmotic solution in diarrheic calves, dehydrated and without metabolic acidosis, may be clinically important.

ABSTRACT Two trials were aimed to evaluate beef tallow in diets with and without emulsifier on performance of pigs at growing-finishing phases. In the first trial, 15 barrows (22.03±0.62 kg) were distributed among three treatments: reference diet; test diet 1 (5% beef tallow) and test diet 2 (10% beef tallow). Beef tallow presented average value of 7130.97 kcal ME/kg. For the performance trail, 30 barrows (24.85±1.18 kg) were distributed among five treatments: T1 - diet with soybean oil and 3230 kcal ME /kg; T2 - diet with beef tallow and 3230 kcal ME/kg; T3 - diet with beef tallow and 3080 kcal ME/kg; T4 - diet with beef tallow, 3080 kcal/kg and 0.1% emulsifier; T5 - diet with beef tallow, 2930 kcal ME/kg and 0.1% emulsifier. Feed conversion was worse in animals fed diet with 3080 kcal ME/kg containing beef tallow and with 2930 kcal ME/kg with beef tallow and emulsifier. For economic availability, animals fed diet with beef tallow and 3230 kcal ME/kg and those fed diet with 3080 kcal ME/kg containing beef tallow and emulsifier, did not differ from animals fed diet with soybean oil, which enables the reduction up to 150 kcal ME/kg be compensated by emulsifier addition.

RESUMO Experimentos foram conduzidos para avaliar o efeito do meio ácido e do alumínio, assim como para determinar a concentração mais apropriada de ácido indolbutírico (AIB) para o enraizamento de estacas de diferentes genótipos de Camellia sinensis L (planta de chá). Para tal, foram coletados ramos de plantas-matrizes em Pariquera-Açu-SP, Brasil, no inverno de 2012 e preparadas estacas semi-lenhosas, contendo uma gema e uma folha, que foram mantidas em viveiro com 70% de sombreamento. A irrigação do substrato foi feita com água e soluções contendo ácido fosfórico e sulfato de alumínio a pH 5,5, 4,5; 3,5. No primeiro experimento, o delineamento experimental foi o inteiramente casualizado em esquema fatorial 3 x 7, três genótipos (F 15, IAC 259 e Comum) e sete condições diferentes de enraizamento (vermiculita a pH 6,5, vermiculita acidificada com ácido fosfórico a pH 3,5; 4,5 e 5,5 ou vermiculita acidificada com sulfato de alumínio a pH 3,5; 4,5 e 5,5). No segundo experimento, o tratamento que promoveu o maior enraizamento no primeiro experimento (vermiculita acidificada com sulfato de alumínio a pH 3,5) foi combinado ao tratamento com AIB. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi o inteiramente casualizado em esquema fatorial 3 x 6, sendo três genótipos e seis concentrações de AIB (0, 2000, 4000, 6000, 8000 e 1000 mg L-1). A vermiculita acidificada com sulfato de alumínio a pH 3,5, combinada a aplicação de 10000 mg L-1 de AIB por 30 segundos, foi o tratamento mais adequado para o enraizamento de estacas semi-lenhosas dos genótipos F15, IAC 259 e Comum.

ABSTRACT The experiments were carried out to evaluate the effect of medium acidic and aluminum, as well as determine the most suitable concentration of indolebutyric acid (IBA) for rooting cuttings of different genotypes of Camellia sinensis L (tea plant). Such, stems were collected from mother plants in Pariquera-Açu, São Paulo state, Brazil, in winter 2012 and prepared semi-hardwood cuttings, with one bud and one leaf, which were kept in a nursery with 70% of shading. Irrigation substrate was taken with water and solutions containing phosphoric acid and aluminum sulfate at pH 5.5, 4.5; 3,5. In the first experiment, the experimental design was completely randomized in a factorial scheme 3x7, three genotypes (F 15, IAC 259 and Comum) and seven different conditions of rooting (vermiculite at pH 6.5, acidified with phosphoric acid or aluminum sulfate vermiculite at pH 3.5, 4.5 and 5.5). In the second experiment, the treatment that promoted the highest rooting in the first experiment (vermiculite acidified with aluminum sulfate at pH 3.5) was combined with treatment with IBA The experimental design was completely randomized in a factorial scheme 3x6, three genotypes and six concentrations of IBA (0, 2.000, 4.000, 6.000, 8.000 and 10.000 mg L-1). Vermiculite acidified with aluminum sulphate to pH 3.5, combined application of 10.000 mg L-1 IBA for 30 seconds was the most appropriate treatment for cutting propagation of genotypes F15, IAC 259 and Comum. Vermiculite acidified with aluminum sulfate at pH 3.5, combined treatment with 10,000 mg L-1 IBA for 30 seconds, was the most suitable conditions for the rooting of cuttings Camellia sinensis L.

Antimoniais pentavalentes são a primeira escolha para o tratamento das leishmanioses humanas. No entanto, no interior brasileiro plantas tradicionais são usadas para o tratamento dessas lesões. De fato, recentes trabalhos tem relatado o potencial terapêutico de produtos naturais, especialmente derivados de plantas. Neste estudo avaliamos a atividade leishmanicida de Pterodon pubescens, uma árvore nativa, distribuída pela região central brasileira e usada em infusões para tratamento de inflamações. Foi realizada a análise fitoquímica e o ensaio in vitro em macrófagos infectados com Leishmania amazonensis em concentrações de 150, 300, 450, 600 µg/ml do extrato etanólico de folhas de Pterodon pudescens (PPE) para comprovar o uso tradicional desta planta como terapia para as leishmanioses. Os testes fitoquímicos indicaram a presença de taninos catequímicos, flavonas, esteroides, triterpenoides, flavonoides e xantonas. Os ensaios biológicos revelaram que o PPE foi capaz de controlar a carga parasitária em macrófagos de maneira dose dependente. Estes resultados corroboram com o potencial terapêutico de compostos de Pterodon pudescens e, junto com sua ampla distribuição no Brasil, podem representar promissor agente leishmanicida.

Pentavalent antimonials are the first choice for the treatment of human leishmaniasis. However in rural areas the traditional plants may be preferred for the treatment of lesions. In recent years a number of papers are published related to the natural products especially plant derivative with infectious diseases. The present work was undertaken to evaluate the antileishmanial activity of Pterodon pubescens which is a native tree widely distributed over the central region of Brazil and used in folk medicine as wine infusions to treat inflammatory disease. The phytochemical screening and the biological essay of ethanolic extract of Pterodon pudescens (PPE) leaves at the concentrations of 150, 300, 450, 600 µg/ml were tested in vitro in Leishmania amazonensis-infected macrophages to support its traditional medicinal use as a leishmaniasis remedy. Phytochemical screening of PPE has shown the presence of catechemical tannins, steroids, triterpenoids and flavonoids. The biological test suggests that PPE were found to control parasite burden of cell cultures in dose-dependent manner. These findings highlight the fact that the apparent potency of Pterodon pudescens compounds, together with their widely distribution over Latin America and Brazil, may represent a promising antileishmanial agent.

RESUMO A antracnose (Colletotrichum musae) e a podridão da coroa (complexo de fungos) são as principais doenças que ocorrem em pós-colheita de bananas. Prolongar a vida pós-colheita, aumentar o período livre dessas doenças e manter a qualidade comestível dos frutos passam a ser o grande desafio. O objetivo do trabalho foi avaliar a eficiência de fungicidas sistêmicos e protetores no controle de podridões em frutos de banana ‘Prata anã’ proveniente de Jaíba, Minas Gerais. Fungicidas sistêmicos dos grupos químicos dos benzimidazóis, triazóis, imidazóis e piridinamina protetor foram avaliados nas dosagens de 0, 125, 250 e 500 mL.L-1 ou mg.L-1, após imersão por 3 minutos, sob condições ambientes (18-23°C e 60-85 % UR). Procloraz (125 mL.L-1) e propiconazole (250 mL.L-1) foram os mais eficientes em evitar a incidência de podridões em bananas inoculadas com C. musae. Dosagens superiores a estas causaram toxidez aos frutos. Os benzimidazóis não foram eficientes no controle das podridões, mesmo na maior dosagem utilizada (500 mL.L-1), mostrando-se semelhantes ao fungicida padrão (benomil) e ao controle não-tratado. A eficiência do fungicida propiconazole foi confirmada para uso em pós-colheita da cultura da bananeira, mostrando-se efetivo na dosagem de 250 mL.L-1, sem causar toxidez em banana ‘Prata anã’.

ABSTRACT CHEMOTHERAPY OF “PRATA ANÔ BANANAS FOR POST-HARVEST ROT CONTROL. Anthracnose (Colletotrichum musae) and crown rots (fungi complex) are the main diseases that occur in the banana crop post-harvest. This poses the challenge of prolonging the post-harvest life, increasing the disease-free period and maintaining the fruit’s food quality. The objective of this work was to evaluate the efficiency of systemic and protective fungicides in the control of postharvest rot in fruits of the banana cultivar “Prata anã” from Jaíba, Minas Gerais, Brazil. Systemic fungicides from the benzimidazole, triazole, imidazole and pyridinamine chemical groups were evaluated in the dosages 0, 125, 250 and 500 mL.L-1 or mg.L-1, after immersion for 3 minutes, in environmental conditions (18-23º C and 60–85% RU). Procloraz (125 mL.L-1) and propiconazole (250 mL.L-1) were the most efficient for preventing the incidence of rot in bananas inoculated with C. musae. Higher dosages caused toxicity in the fruits. The benzimidazois were not efficient in the control of rot, even at the highest dosage used (500 mL.L-1), showing results similar to standard fungicide (benomil) and the control treatment without fungicide. The fungicide propiconazole at the dosage 250 mL.L-1proved to be effective for use in the post-harvest bananas, not causing toxicity in the “Prata anã” banana fruits.

Resumo Neste trabalho, objetivou-se avaliar os efeitos de diferentes níveis de lodo de esgoto e de água residuária tratada no crescimento e desenvolvimento do algodão colorido BRS Rubi. O experimento foi conduzido em uma área coberta, pertencente ao Programa de Pesquisa em Saneamento Básico (PROSAB), em Campina Grande, PB. O delineamento experimental foi inteiramente casualizado em esquema fatorial 2x3, com um tratamento adicional [(2x3) + 1] e três repetições, sendo estudados os fatores doses de biossólidos (L1 = 0, L2 = 112,5 e L3 = 225 kg ha-1) e tipos de água (W1 = água de abastecimento e W2 = água residuária tratada) e uma testemunha adubada quimicamente. Para se estudar o crescimento e desenvolvimento das plantas, avaliaram-se, pelo período de 120 dias, após a semeadura, as seguintes variáveis: altura de planta, diâmetro do caule e área foliar da planta. Observou-se que a altura da planta, o diâmetro do caule e a área foliar aumentaram com a dose de lodo de esgoto (biossólido), obtendo-se os máximos valores quando as plantas foram irrigadas com água residuária, evidenciando a importância da sua utilização no crescimento e desenvolvimento do algodoeiro.

Abstract The present work had as objective to evaluate the effects of different levels of biossolids and treated sewage on the growth and development of the Colored Cotton BRS Rubi. The experimente was conducted in a covered area, belonging to the Program of Research on Basic Sanitation (PROSAB), located in Campina Grande, Paraíba, Brazil. The experimental design was an entirely randomized factorial scheme [(2x3) + 1] with three repetitions and, with the following treatments: three biosolid levels (L1 = 0, L2 = 112,5 e L3 = 225 kg ha-1), and two types of water (W1 = tap water and W2 = treated sewage) and a control composed of chemical manuring. To evaluate the growth and development monthly measurement of plants were performed during a period of 60 days after the sowing, where the following variables were measured: plant height, stem diameter, and foliar area per plant. Under the conditions on which this experiment was accomplished, it was concluded that the levels of biossolid and the types of water promoted significant increase on the studied variables, showing the relevance of their use on the growth and development of the cotton plant.

Gastric cancer is the second most frequent type of neoplasia and also the second most important cause of death in the world. Virtually all the established cell lines of gastric neoplasia were developed in Asian countries, and western countries have contributed very little to this area. In the present study we describe the establishment of the cell line ACP01 and characterize it cytogenetically by means of in vitro immortalization. Cells were transformed from an intestinal-type gastric adenocarcinoma (T4N2M0) originating from a 48-year-old male patient. This is the first gastric adenocarcinoma cell line established in Brazil. The most powerful application of the cell line ACP01 is in the assessment of cytotoxicity. Solid tumor cell lines from different origins have been treated with several conventional and investigational anticancer drugs. The ACP01 cell line is triploid, grows as a single, non-organized layer, similar to fibroblasts, with focus formation, heterogeneous division, and a cell cycle of approximately 40 h. Chromosome 8 trisomy, present in 60% of the cells, was the most frequent cytogenetic alteration. These data lead us to propose a multifactorial triggering of gastric cancer which evolves over multiple stages involving progressive genetic changes and clonal expansion.

Objetivo: medir os principais fatores de risco relacionados à ocorrência de injúrias acidentais, na faixa etária entre quatro e cinco anos de idade. Métodos: foi estudada uma coorte prospectiva de 620 crianças, na qual a ocorrência de acidentes e injúrias foi registrada em um diário, durante um período de um mês. Esta foi uma subamostra sistemática, proveniente da coorte de nascimentos de 1993, que ainda residiam na área urbana de Pelotas, RS. O desfecho em estudo foi o número de injúrias acidentais relatadas por criança-mês. A análise multivariada, utilizando Regressão de Poisson, foi usada para controlar fatores de confusão. Resultados: a incidência mensal de acidentes foi de 53,8%, e 48,4% das crianças sofreram pelo menos uma injúria acidental. As crianças do sexo masculino tiveram 30% mais de chances de se lesionarem do que aquelas do sexo feminino, e as crianças brancas tiveram um risco 70% maior do que as crianças não-brancas. Renda familiar, escolaridade dos pais e trabalho materno não se associaram à ocorrência de injúrias. Após ajuste para variáveis socioeconômicas e ambientais, as crianças que possuíam um ou mais irmãos menores apresentavam taxa 30% maior de injúrias acidentais. Crianças residentes em casa de tijolo apresentaram uma incidência de injúrias cerca de 40% superior. Conclusões: poucos fatores de risco modificáveis foram associados a um aumento na freqüência de injúrias acidentais. Destes fatores, a presença de crianças mais jovens em casa merece especial atenção, sendo necessário instruir os pais sobre o aumento no risco observado por ocasião do nascimento de um irmão menor.

Objective: to measure the main risk factors associated with the occurrence of accidental injuries in children aged 4-5 years. Methods: the study included a prospective cohort of children whose parents filled in a diary recording accidents and injuries during a period of one-month. The children represented a systematic subsample from a population-based birth cohort in southern Brazil. The outcome was the number of reported injuries per child during one month. Multivariate analysis (Poisson regression) was used to assess confounding factors. Results: the monthly frequency of accidents was 53.8%, and 48.4% of the children suffered at least one injury. Boys had 30% more injuries than girls, and white children had 70% higher incidence than non-white. Family income, parental education and maternal employment were not associated with the frequency of injuries. After adjustment of socioeconomic and environmental factors, having younger siblings was associated with a 30% higher injury rate, and living in a home made of bricks was associated with a 35% increase. The incidence of injuries appeared to be higher among children attending day-care centers and those living in periurban areas. Conclusions: few risk factors were associated with an increased frequency of injuries. Among them, the most amenable to intervention seems to be the presence of younger siblings. Parents should become aware of children's needs for increased attention when a younger sibling is born.

A transient experimental analysis of a three-phase descendent-cocurrent trickle-bed H2O/CH4-Ar/g -Al2O3 system was made using the stimulus-response technique, with the gas phase as a reference. Methane was used as a tracer and injected into the argon feed and the concentration vs time profiles were obtained at the entrance and exit of the bed, which were maintained at 298K and 1.013 10(5) Pa. A mathematical model for the tracer was developed to estimate the axial dispersion overall gas-liquid mass transfer and liquid-solid mass transfer coefficients. Experimental and theoretical results were compared and shown to be in good agreement. The model was validated by two additional experiments, and the values of the coefficients obtained above were confirmed.

Objetivo: medir os principais fatores de risco relacionados à ocorrência de injúrias acidentais, na faixa etária entre quatro e cinco anos de idade.Métodos: foi estudada uma coorte prospectiva de 620 crianças, na qual a ocorrência de acidentes e injúrias foi registrada em um diário, durante um período de um mês. Esta foi uma subamostra sistemática, proveniente da coorte de nascimentos de 1993, que ainda residiam na área urbana de Pelotas, RS. O desfecho em estudo foi o número de injúrias acidentais relatadas por criança-mês. A análise multivariada, utilizando Regressão de Poisson, foi usada para controlar fatores de confusão.Resultados: a incidência mensal de acidentes foi de 53,8%, e 48,4% das crianças sofreram pelo menos uma injúria acidental. As crianças do sexo masculino tiveram 30% mais de chances de se lesionarem do que aquelas do sexo feminino, e as crianças brancas tiveram um risco 70% maior do que as crianças não-brancas. Renda familiar, escolaridade dos pais e trabalho materno não se associaram à ocorrência de injúrias. Após ajuste para variáveis socioeconômicas e ambientais, as crianças que possuíam um ou mais irmãos menores apresentavam taxa 30% maior de injúrias acidentais. Crianças residentes em casa de tijolo apresentaram uma incidência de injúrias cerca de 40%superior. Conclusões: poucos fatores de risco modificáveis foram associados a um aumento na freqüência de injúrias acidentais. Destes fatores, a presença de crianças mais jovens em casa merece especial atenção, sendo necessário instruir os pais sobre o aumento no risco observado por ocasião do nascimento de um irmão menor.

Objective: to measure the main risk factors associated with the occurrence of accidental injuries in children aged 4-5 years.Methods: the study included a prospective cohort of children whose parents filled in a diary recording accidents and injuries during a period of one-month. The children represented a systematic subsample from a population-based birth cohort in southern Brazil. The outcome was the number of reported injuries per child during one month. Multivariate analysis (Poisson regression) was used to assess confounding factors.Results: the monthly frequency of accidents was 53.8%, and 48.4% of the children suffered at least one injury. Boys had 30% more injuries than girls, and white children had 70% higher incidence than non-white. Family income, parental education and maternal employment were not associated with the frequency of injuries. After adjustment of socioeconomic and environmental factors, having younger siblings was associated with a 30% higher injury rate, and living in a home made of bricks was associated with a 35% increase. The incidence of injuries appeared to be higher among children attending day-care centers and those living in periurban areas.Conclusions: few risk factors were associated with an increased frequency of injuries. Among them, the most amenable to intervention seems to be the presence of younger siblings. Parents should become aware of children’s needs for increased attention when a younger sibling is born.