Diabetes mellitus is associated with impaired wound healing. The topical use of insulin is a promising therapy because it may favor all phases of the wound healing process. This study aimed to investigate the therapeutic outcomes of insulin gel in wounds of hyperglycemic mice. After diabetes induction, a 1-cm2 full-thickness wound was created on each animal's dorsum. The lesions were treated daily for 14 days with insulin gel (insulin group) or vehicle gel without insulin (vehicle group). Tissue samples were extracted on days 4, 7, 10, and 14 after the creation of the lesion. The samples were analyzed with hematoxylin/eosin and Sirius red staining, immunohistochemistry, Bio-Plex immunoassays, and western blotting. Insulin gel favored re-epithelialization at day 10 and increased the organization and deposition of collagen. Additionally, it modulated the expression of cytokines (interleukin (IL)-4 and IL-10) and increased the expression of arginase I, VEGF receptor 1, and VEGF on day 10. Activation of the insulin signaling pathway occurred via IRβ, IRS1, and IKK on day 10 and activation of Akt and IRS1 on day 14. These results suggested that insulin gel improved wound healing in hyperglycemic mice by modulating the expression of inflammatory factors, growth factors, and proteins of the insulin signaling pathway.

Abstract Introduction and objective Emergence Delirium (ED), particularly in children, is characterized by mental confusion, irritability, disorientation, and inconsolable crying. ED prolongs the time required in the Post-Anesthesia Care Unit (PACU) and increases concern and anxiety in parents. The present study aimed to determine the effectiveness and safety of low-dose clonidine in preventing ED in children receiving sevoflurane anesthesia for tonsillectomy/adenotonsillectomy. Methods A randomized, double-blind clinical trial was conducted between November 2013 and January 2014. Sixty-two children aged 2-12 years, scheduled to undergo tonsillectomy/adenotonsillectomy, and classified as American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) physical status I/II were included, with 29 being randomized to receive 1 µg.kg-1 clonidine intravenously, and 33 allocated to a control group that received no clonidine. Anesthesia was induced and maintained with sevoflurane. Children with altered state of consciousness, neurological deficit, history of allergy to dipyrone, or receiving other drugs such as preanesthetic agents were excluded from the study. The primary outcome was the presence of ED in the initial 20 minutes in the PACU according to the Pediatric Anesthesia Emergence Delirium (PAED) scale. The Chi-Square test and Fisher’s two-tailed exact test were used for statistical analysis, as applicable. Significance level was set at 5%, and Risk Ratios (RR) and their 95% Confidence Intervals (95% CI) were calculated. Results The frequency of ED was significantly decreased in the group of children who received clonidine (17.2% vs. 57.6%; RR = 0.30; 95% CI 0.13-0.70; p= 0.001). There was no difference between groups with respect to the frequency of postoperative self-harm (falls and bruises), dislodged catheters, and for most of the other adverse events evaluated. Conclusions The use of 1 µg.kg-1 intravenous clonidine during anesthesia induction can effectively reduce the incidence of ED in children undergoing elective tonsillectomy/adenotonsillectomy under general inhalation anesthesia with sevoflurane. ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier NCT02181543.

The use of specially designed wound dressings could be an important alternative to facilitate the healing process of wounds in the hyperglycemic state. Biocompatible dressings combining chitosan and alginate can speed up wound healing by modulating the inflammatory phase, stimulating fibroblast proliferation, and aiding in remodeling phases. However, this biomaterial has not yet been explored in chronic and acute lesions of diabetic patients. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of topical treatment with a chitosan-alginate membrane on acute skin wounds of hyperglycemic mice. Diabetes mellitus was induced by streptozotocin (60 mg · kg-1 · day-1 for 5 days, intraperitoneally) and the cutaneous wound was performed by removing the epidermis using a surgical punch. The results showed that after 10 days of treatment the chitosan and alginate membrane (CAM) group exhibited better organization of collagen fibers. High concentrations of interleukin (IL)-1α, IL-1β, granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF), and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) were detected in the first and second days of treatment. G-CSF and TNF-α level decreased after 5 days, as well as the concentrations of TNF-α and IL-10 compared with the control group (CG). In this study, the inflammatory phase of cutaneous lesions of hyperglycemic mice was modulated by the use of CAM, mostly regarding the cytokines IL-1α, IL-1β, TNF-α, G-CSF, and IL-10, resulting in better collagen III deposition. However, further studies are needed to better understand the healing stages associated with CAM use.

RESUMO A anestesia locorregional reduz o requerimento de agentes inalatórios e diminui as respostas autonômicas a estímulos cirúrgicos nocivos. Objetiva-se descrever um bloqueio anestésico do plexo braquial guiado por neuroestimulador em jumento, submetido à amputação do membro anterior direito. Foi realizada medicação pré-anestésica com detomidina 0,01mg.kg-1, indução com diazepam 0,05mg.kg-1 e cetamina 2mg.kg-1, todos pela via intravenosa (IV), e a manutenção da anestesia com isoflurano. O plexo braquial foi bloqueado por acesso subescapular, sendo usado neuroestimulador. Utilizou-se 1mg.kg-1 de bupivacaína 0,5% sem vasoconstritor, associada a 1mg.kg-1 de lidocaína 2% sem vasoconstrictor. Os valores de FC e ƒ durante o procedimento cirúrgico variaram de 62 a 78bpm e de 24 a 32rpm, respectivamente. Foram coletadas quatro amostras de sangue para dosagem de cortisol. Este, antes da aplicação da medicação pré-anestésica, foi de 6,4μg/dL e, 30 minutos após a MPA, foi de 2,8μg/dL. A recuperação anestésica foi rápida e sem complicações. O bloqueio do plexo braquial guiado por neuroestimulador mostrou-se eficaz em jumentos, fornecendo analgesia e anestesia satisfatória.

ABSTRACT Locoregional anesthesia reduces the requirement for inhaled agents and reduces the autonomic responses to noxious surgical stimuli. The aim of this study was to describe an anesthetic block of the brachial plexus guided by a neurostimulator in a donkey submitted to right limb amputation. Preanesthetic medication was performed with detomidine 0.01mg.kg-1 induction with diazepam 0.05mg.kg-1 and ketamine 2mg.kg-1 all intravenously, and maintenance of anesthesia with isoflurane. The brachial plexus was blocked by subscapular access, using a neurostimulator. For this purpose, 1mg.kg -1 of bupivacaine 0.5%, without vasoconstrictor, and 1mg.kg- 1 of lidocaine 2%, without vasoconstrictor were used. The values of HR and ƒ during the surgical procedure ranged from 62 to 78bpm, and 24 to 32bpm, respectively. Four blood samples were collected for cortisol dosing. This, prior to the application of the pre-anesthetic medication was 6.4ug/dL and 30 minutes was 2.8ug/dL. Anesthesia recovery was rapid and uncomplicated. Neurostimulator-guided brachial plexus blockade proved to be effective in donkeys, providing satisfactory analgesia and anesthesia.

RESUMO O fungo Rhodotorula sp. era considerado como não patogênico, mas, com o aumento de casos de humanos imunossuprimidos nas últimas duas décadas, as espécies R. mucilaginosa, R. glutinis e R. minuta se tornaram agentes potencialmente patogênicos. Poucos relatos clínicos veterinários associados à Rhodotorula spp. foram descritos, e o objetivo deste trabalho foi descrever um caso de dermatite fúngica causada por R. glutinis em cão imunossuprimido devido à leishmaniose visceral e osteossarcoma, na cidade de Cuiabá-Mato Grosso. Um cão, macho, 11 anos, sem raça definida, foi trazido ao Hospital Veterinário apresentando lesões de pele com diagnóstico de dermatofitose e foi prescrito tratamento tópico à base de óleo de melaleuca, sem melhora após um mês de tratamento. O animal retornou ao Hospital Veterinário com hemorragia na região lesionada da cauda, e foi realizada biópsia para exames microbiológico e histopatológico. Nas análises microbiológica e histopatológica, foi isolada uma levedura e detectada a presença de estrutura semelhante a leveduras na coloração de prata, respectivamente. A levedura isolada foi identificada como R. glutinis por meio do sequenciamento do DNA. Um novo tratamento foi instituído, sem melhora do quadro clínico. O animal foi diagnosticado também com leishmaniose e osteossarcoma, provavelmente ocasionando a immunossupressão, e seu quadro evoluiu a óbito.

ABSTRACT The fungi Rhodotorula sp was considered nonpathogenic, but with the increase of immunosuppressed humans in the last two decades, the species R. mucilaginosa, R. glutinis and R. minuta became potentially pathogenic agents. There have been few veterinary clinical reports associated with Rhodotorula spp. and this work aims to describe the first case of fungal dermatitis caused by R. glutinis in immunosuppressed dog due to visceral leishmaniasis and osteosarcoma in the city of Cuiabá-Mato Grosso. An 11-year-old male mongrel dog was examined to the Veterinary Hospital with skin lesions and the diagnosis was dermatophytosis and the treatment was implemented with topical tea tree oil for one month, but the treatment failed. The animal returned to the Veterinary Hospital with bleeding in the injured area of the tail and biopsy was performed for microbiological and histopathology evaluation. In the microbiological and histopathological analysis, yeast was isolated and yeast-like structures in silver staining were observed, respectively. The isolated yeast was identified as R. glutinis by DNA sequencing. A new treatment was implemented without clinical improvement. The animal was diagnosed with leishmaniasis and osteosarcoma, which probably caused immunosuppression, and its clinical conditions evolved to death.

RESUMO Este relato descreve o caso do Cladosporium cladosporioides isolado de uma lesão periocular de um felino atendido no Hospital Veterinário da Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso, em Cuiabá. A principal queixa do proprietário era uma lesão periocular, com piora no decorrer do tempo, havia aproximadamente quatro meses. Foi descrita a tentativa de tratamento da lesão com anti-inflamatórios e antibióticos, sem sucesso. Na anamnese foi relatado que o animal tinha acesso à rua e a hábitos de caça e que não havia outros animais da casa com lesão semelhante. O animal foi submetido à biópsia e citologia para um diagnóstico mais preciso do caso. Um fragmento foi encaminhado para o Laboratório de Patologia Veterinária e outro para o de Microbiologia Veterinária. Nas análises histopatológicas, houve compatibilidade com carcinoma de células escamosas e, nas lâminas de citologia, foi evidenciado um processo inflamatório agudo. Nas características macroscópicas e microscópicas da colônia, houve compatibilidade com Cladosporium sp. Posteriormente, o DNA foi extraído e sequenciado, confirmando a espécie Cladosporium cladosporioides. O objetivo deste relato foi descrever o isolamento dessa espécie em um felino com carcinoma de células escamosas.

ABSTRACT This report describes a case of Cladosporium cladosporioides isolated from a cat with a periocular lesion at the Veterinary Hospital, Cuiaba- Brazil. Owner described his animal as having a periocular lesion treated unsuccessfully with anti-inflamatories and antibiotics. During anamnesis, it was reported that the animal has access to the street, hunting habits and none of the other animals of the house had a similar injury. The animal underwent biopsy and cytology for more accurate diagnosis of the case. A fragment was referred to the Veterinary Pathology Laboratory and another for Veterinary Microbiology. In the histopathological analysis of biopsy, it was compatible with squamous cell carcinoma and the cytology slides showed an acute inflammatory process. Microbiogical analysis isolated fungus with Cladosporium sp. Subsequently, DNA was extracted and sequenced confirming Cladosporium cladosporioides species. This paper reports the isolation of this species in a feline with squamous cell carcinoma.

Abstract Objective: To verify the effect of differents hydration status on physical and cognitive‐motor performance of athletes submitted to exercise under low heat stress environment. Method: Sixteen athletes, divided into two groups with eight athletes each (G2%: 34.1 ± 2.3 years; and G3%: 32.5 ± 2.2 years), performed two hours of cycling session and an maximum incremental test, accompanied by blood collections and calculation of the heat stress index Wet Bulb Globe Temperature Index. Before and after the protocol, the groups underwent an assessment of hydration status by percentage of body mass loss, color and specific gravity urinary; as well as assessments of physical performances (by time to exhaustion) and cognitive‐motor (by immediate memory tests, finger‐to‐nose and simple reaction time). Results: The maximum recorded of the Wet Bulb Globe Temperature Index was ∼20°C. There was a significant difference between percentage of body mass loss G3% (‐3.29 ± 0.23%) and G2% (‐1.87 ± 0.12%) (p < 0.001), and an increased urinay gravity, after cycling in both groups. There was no significant difference in urinary coloration between the groups. Under these conditions, there were no significant differences in the blood parameters, time to exhaustion and cognitive‐motor tests between groups. Conclusion: It is suggested that dehydration with reduction of up to ∼3% of the body mass not impairs physical and cognitive‐motor performances.

Resumo Objetivo: Verificar o efeito de diferentes estados de hidratação sobre o desempenho físico e cognitivo‐motor de atletas submetidos a exercício em ambiente de baixo estresse térmico. Método: Dezesseis atletas, divididos em 2 grupos 8 oito atletas (G2%: 34.1 ± 2.3 anos; e G3%: 32.5 ± 2.2 anos), realizaram 2 horas de ciclismo e um teste incremental máximo, acompanhado de coletas sanguíneas e cálculo do índice de estresse térmico: Wet Bulb Globe Temperature Index. Antes e após o protocolo, os grupos foram submetidos a uma avaliação do estado de hidratação, através do cálculo da perda percentual de massa corporal (Δ% MC), coloração e gravidade específica urinárias; além de avaliações dos desempenhos físico (pelo tempo de exaustão) e cognitivo‐motor (pelos testes de memória imediata, dedo‐nariz e tempo de reação simples). Resultados: O Wet Bulb Globe Temperature Index máximo registrado foi de ∼20°C. Houve diferença significativa entre a perda percentual de massa corporal do G3% (‐3.29 ± 0.23%) e G2% (‐1.87 ± 0.12%) (p < 0.001), e um aumento na gravidade específica após ciclismo em ambos os grupos. Não houve diferença significativa na coloração urinária entre os grupos. Nestas condições, não foram observadas diferenças significativas nos parâmetros sanguíneos, tempo de exaustão e testes cognitivo‐motores entre os grupos. Conclusão: Sugere‐se que uma desidratação com redução de até ∼3% da MC não causa prejuízos no desempenho físico e cognitivo‐motor.

Resumen Objetivo: Verificar el efecto de diferentes estados de hidratación sobre el rendimiento físico y cognitivo‐motor de atletas sometidos a ejercicios en ambiente de bajo estrés térmico. Método: Dieciséis atletas, divididos en dos grupos de ocho atletas (G2%: 34.1 ± 2.3 años y G3%: 32.5 ± 2.2 años), realizaron dos horas de ciclismo y un test incremental máximo, acompañado de extracciones sanguíneas y cálculo del índice de estrés térmico Wet Bulb Globe Temperature Index. Antes y después del protocolo, los grupos fueron sometidos a una evaluación del estado de hidratación mediante el cálculo de la pérdida porcentual de masa corporal y coloración y densidad urinarias; además de evaluaciones del rendimiento físico (por el tiempo hasta el agotamiento) y cognitivo‐motor (por los test de memoria inmediata, índice‐nariz y tiempo de reacción simples). Resultados: El Wet Bulb Globe Temperature Index máximo registrado fue de ∼20°C. Hubo una diferencia significativa entre la pérdida porcentual de masa corporal del G3% (‐3.29 ± 0.23%) y G2% (‐1.87 ± 0.12%) (p < 0.001), y un aumento en la densidad urinaria en ambos grupos después del ciclismo. No hubo diferencia significativa en la coloración urinaria entre los grupos. En estas condiciones no fueron observadas diferencias significativas en los parámetros sanguíneos, tiempo hasta el agotamiento y en los test cognitivo‐motores entre ambos grupos. Conclusión: Se sugiere que una deshidratación con reducción de hasta ∼3% de masa corporal no afecta negativamente el rendimiento físico y cognitivo‐motor.

Diabetes mellitus is one of the most common chronic degenerative diseases, and it is estimated to increase worldwide to around 415 million and to impact 642 million in 2040. Research shows that some plants are sources of bioactive compounds against diabetes. Thus, the objective of this work was to evaluate the oral toxicity and the hypoglycemic effect of the aqueous extract of the leaves of Cnidoscolus quercifolius Pohl. Diabetes was induced in Swiss mice with streptozotocin and the mice were treated with an aqueous extract of C. quercifolius leaves for a period of 30 days. Phytochemical analysis showed that the extract was rich in flavonoids, catechins and triterpenoid, which did not show any mortality and behavioral alterations in mice treated with 200, 1000, and 2000 mg/kg body weight of the extract for 14 days. Histopathological analysis of organs (kidney, pancreas, liver) from mice treated with the 2000 mg/kg extract revealed no architectural change. In the present study, we found a 29% reduction in glucose levels in animals receiving 200 mg/kg body weight. These results are very promising because they showed that C. quercifolius had a hypoglycemic effect and did not present oral toxicity, thus being a new source of compounds for the control of diabetes.

Undernutrition represents a major public health challenge for middle- and low-income countries. This study aimed to evaluate whether a multideficient Northeast Brazil regional basic diet (RBD) induces acute morphological and functional changes in the ileum of mice. Swiss mice (∼25 g) were allocated into two groups: i) control mice were fed a standard diet and II) undernourished mice were fed the RBD. After 7 days, mice were killed and the ileum collected for evaluation of electrophysiological parameters (Ussing chambers), transcription (RT-qPCR) and protein expression (western blotting) of intestinal transporters and tight junctions. Body weight gain was significantly decreased in the undernourished group, which also showed decreased crypt depth but no alterations in villus height. Electrophysiology measurements showed a reduced basal short circuit current (Isc) in the undernourished group, with no differences in transepithelial resistance. Specific substrate-evoked Isc related to affinity and efficacy (glutamine and alanyl-glutamine) were not different between groups, except for the maximum Isc (efficacy) induced by glucose. Transcription of Sglt1 and Pept1 was significantly higher in the undernourished group, while SN-2 transcription was decreased. No changes were found in transcription of CAT-1 and CFTR, while claudin-2 and occludin transcriptions were significantly increased in the undernourished group. Despite mRNA changes, SGLT-1, PEPT-1, claudin-2 and occludin protein expression showed no difference between groups. These results demonstrate early effects of the RBD on mice, which include reduced body weight and crypt depth in the absence of significant alterations to villus morphology, intestinal transporters and tight junction expression.

Foi verificada a influência do diabetes gestacional sobre deficiência de vitamina A em puérperas e, consequentemente, em seus recém-nascidos, por meio de um estudo caso-controle do tipo transversal realizado com puérperas voluntárias. O grupo controle foi composto por mulheres saudáveis e o grupo caso foi composto por mulheres com diabetes gestacional. Cento e sete mulheres foram recrutadas, correspondendo a 71 controles e 36 casos. Dados pessoais, gestacionais e dos recém-nascidos foram coletados diretamente dos prontuários médicos durante a internação. O retinol foi determinado no colostro e no soro por Cromatografia Líquida de Alta Eficiência. As puérperas com diabetes gestacional eram mais velhas, tinham mais filhos e maior prevalência de parto por cesariana. Não houve diferença na concentração de retinol no leite e soro maternos entre os grupos. No entanto, observou-se que 16,7% das pacientes do grupo com diabetes tinham deficiência de vitamina A e apenas 4,1% tinham essa deficiência no grupo de controle. Embora não tenha sido encontrada diferença na concentração de retinol sérico e no colostro entre mulheres com e sem diabetes gestacional, a análise individual mostra que aquelas com diabetes têm um risco maior de serem deficientes em vitamina A.

The influence of gestational diabetes on vitamin A deficiency in lactating women and, consequently, in their newborn has been verified through a cross-sectional case-control study conducted with volunteer puerperal women. The control group consisted of healthy women and the test group was composed of women with gestational diabetes. One hundred and seven women were recruited, corresponding to 71 controls and 36 cases. Personal, gestational and newborn data were collected directly from medical records during hospitalization. The retinol was determined in maternal colostrum and serum by High Performance Liquid Chromatography. Postpartum women with gestational diabetes were older, had more children and a higher prevalence of cesarean delivery. No difference was found in retinol concentration in maternal milk and serum between the groups. However, it was observed that 16.7% had vitamin A deficiency in the group of patients with diabetes and only 4.1% had such deficiency in the control group. Although no difference was found in colostrum and serum retinol concentration between women with and without gestational diabetes, the individual analysis shows that those with diabetes are at higher risk of being vitamin A deficient.

OBJETIVO: Investigar o efeito da suplementação com vitamina A sobre a concentração de retinol no leite colostro em condições de jejum e pós-prandial. MÉTODOS: Estudo quase-experimental, do tipo antes e depois, realizado com 33 parturientes atendidas em uma maternidade pública, das quais foram coletadas, em jejum, amostras de sangue e leite colostro, no pós-parto imediato. Uma segunda coleta de colostro ocorreu duas horas após a primeira refeição do dia, momento em que uma megadose de 200.000 UI de palmitato de retinila foi administrada. No dia seguinte, uma nova coleta de colostro foi realizada em condições de jejum e pós-prandial. As concentrações de retinol no soro e no colostro foram determinadas por cromatografia líquida de alta eficiência. RESULTADOS: A concentração de retinol sérico foi de 37,3 (16,8-62,2) µg/dL, evidenciando um estado nutricional adequado. No colostro, a concentração de retinol antes da suplementação foi de 46,8 (29,7-158,9) µg/dL em jejum e 67,3 (31,1-148,7) µg/dL em condições pós-prandiais (p < 0,05), mostrando um aumento de 43,8%. Após a suplementação, os valores foram de 89,5 (32,9-264,2) µg/dL e 102,7 (37,3-378,3) µg/dL em jejum e pós-prandial, respectivamente (p < 0,05), representando um aumento de 14,7%. CONCLUSÕES: Este trabalho demonstrou que a suplementação materna com altas doses de vitamina A no pós-parto resultou em um aumento significativo da concentração de retinol no colostro em condições de jejum, sendo este valor ainda maior após a refeição.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of vitamin A supplementation on the retinol concentration in colostrum under fasting and postprandial conditions. METHODS: This was a quasi-experimental study, with before and after assessments, conducted with 33 patients treated at a public maternity hospital. Blood and colostrum samples were collected under fasting conditions in the immediate postpartum period. A second colostrum collection occurred two hours after the first meal of the day, at which time a mega dose of 200,000 IU of retinyl palmitate was administered. On the following day, the colostrum was collected again under fasting and postprandial conditions. Serum and colostrum retinol concentrations were determined by high performance liquid chromatography. RESULTS: The serum retinol concentration was 37.3 (16.8-62.2) µg/dL, indicating adequate nutritional status. The colostrum retinol concentration before supplementation was 46.8 (29.7-158.9) µg/dL in fasting and 67.3 (31.1-148.7) µg/dL in postprandial condition (p < 0.05), showing an increase of 43.8%. After supplementation, the values were 89.5 (32.9-264.2) µg/dL and 102.7 (37.3-378.3) µg/dL in fasting and postprandial conditions, respectively (p < 0.05), representing an increase of 14.7%. CONCLUSIONS: This study demonstrated that maternal supplementation with high doses of vitamin A in postpartum resulted in a significant increase of the retinol concentration in colostrum under fasting conditions, with an even greater increase after a meal.

Introdução:A dissecção endoscópica da submucosa (ESD) já é procedimento consagrado no tratamento do câncer gástrico e esofagiano em suas fases precoces. As lesões colorre-tais, inicialmente abordadas por mucossectomia, em bloco ou em fragmentos, são o foco atual para a abordagem submucosa, principalmente para os tumores de crescimento lateral superficial a partir de 20 mm de diâmetro. A experiência de centros japoneses, referências em endoscopia terapêutica, demonstram redução no índice de recidiva da doença com esta abordagem e, segundo critérios histopatológicos específicos, podem evitar uma colectomia em alguns casos de neoplasia maligna.1-3Relato de caso:Trata-se de paciente de 50 anos, submetida à dissecção endoscópica da submucosa de lesão de crescimento lateral, com 50 mm, localizada no reto, a 8 cm da margem anal. O procedimento foi realizado sem maiores intercorrências, com apenas dois pontos de afastamento da muscular, sem perfuração grosseira, fechados com clipe. Entretanto, a paciente evoluiu com escape aéreo para peritônio, retroperitônio, mediastino e subcútis, sendo tratada sem intervenção adicional, apenas com manejo clínico.Conclusão:É de fundamental importância conhecer e saber aplicar a técnica da ESD, além de abordar suas complicações, uma vez que, mesmo repleta de benefícios em relação à cirurgia, ela pode apresentar desfechos graves.4,5

Introduction:Endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) is an already established procedure in the treatment of gastric and esophageal cancer in its early stages. Colorectal lesions, initially approached by endoscopic mucosal resection en bloc or in fragments, are the current focus for submucosal approach, especially for superficial lateral spreading tumor of 20 mm-diameter. The experience of Japanese centers, which are reference in therapeutic endoscopy, demonstrates reduction in the rate of disease recurrence with this approach and, according to specific histopathological criteria, may avoid colectomy in some cases of malignant neoplasia.1-3Case report:The patient was 50-year-old female. She underwent endoscopic submucosal dissection of a rectal lateral spreading tumor measuring 50 mm, located 8 cm from the anal margin. The procedure was performed without major complications, with just two points for muscle layer detachment, without gross perforation and closed with metal clips. However, the patient developed air leakage to the peritoneum, retroperitoneum, mediastinum and subcutaneous tissue, being only treated with clinical procedures and without additional intervention.Conclusion:It is vital to know and be able to apply the technique of ESD, in addition to addressing its complications, since despite the numerous benefits compared to surgery, ESD can result in serious outcomes.4,5

Objetivo:Sistematizar informações sobre a concentração de vitamina E no leite humano e variáveis associadas a essa composição, a fim de encontrar possíveis causas de deficiência, subsidiando estratégias para prevenção desta em puérperas e lactentes.Fonte dos dados:Foram avaliados estudos publicados entre 2004 e 2014 que determinaram o alfa-tocoferol no leite humano de mulheres saudáveis por Cromatografia Líquida de Alta Eficiência. Os descritores utilizados foram "leite humano", "alfa-tocoferol", "vitamina E", "lactação" e seus equivalentes em inglês, nas bases de dados BIREME, Periódicos CAPES, Pub-Med, SciELO, ISI Web of Knowledge, HighWire Press, Ingenta e Biblioteca Digital Brasileira de Teses e Dissertações.Síntese dos dados:Das 41 publicações encontradas sobre a temática, 25 foram selecionadas, por possuirem texto completo disponível e se encaixarem nos critérios de inclusão. As concentrações encontradas de alfa-tocoferol no leite foram semelhantes na maioria das populações estudadas. A variável fase de lactação mostrou influenciar o conteúdo dessa vitamina no leite, que vai sendo reduzido até o leite maduro. As variáveis maternas paridade, estado nutricional antropométrico, condição socioeconômica e ingestão dietética habitual parecem não afetar os níveis de alfa-tocoferol no leite. Entretanto, a influência das variáveis idade materna, idade gestacional, estado nutricional bioquímico em alfa-tocoferol e suplementação materna com vitamina E possui resultados conflitantes na literatura.Conclusão:A concentração de alfa-tocoferol no leite diminui durante a lactação, até chegar ao leite maduro. Para confirmar a influência de algumas variáveis maternas e da criança sobre a vitamina E do leite ainda são necessários mais estudos, com desenho adequado.

Objective:To systematize information about vitamin E concentration in human milk and the variables associated with this composition in order to find possible causes of deficiency, supporting strategies to prevent it in postpartum women and infants.Source:Studies published between 2004 and 2014 that assayed alpha-tocopherol in human milk of healthy women by high performance liquid chromatography were evaluated. The keywords used were "vitamin E", "alpha-tocopherol", "milk, human", "lactation", and equivalents in Portuguese, in the BIREME, CAPES, PubMed, SciELO, ISI Web of Knowledge, HighWire Press, Ingenta, and Brazilian Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations databases.Summary of the findings:Of the 41 publications found on the subject, 25 whose full text was available and met the inclusion criteria were selected. The alpha-tocopherol concentrations found in milk were similar in most populations studied. The variable phase of lactation was shown to influence vitamin E content in milk, which is reduced until the mature milk appears. Maternal variables parity, anthropometric nutritional status, socioeconomic status, and habitual dietary intake did not appear to affect the alpha-tocopherol levels in milk. However, the influence of the variables maternal age, gestational age, biochemical nutritional status in alpha-tocopherol, and maternal supplementation with vitamin E had conflicting results in the literature.Conclusion:Alpha-tocopherol concentration in milk decreases during lactation, until the mature milk appears. To confirm the influence of some maternal and child variables on milk vitamin E content, further studies with adequate design are needed.

Visando a redução da capacidade de absorção de água de fibras ligno-celulósicas, ciclos de molhagem e secagem são usualmente utilizados na indústria de papel e celulose. Esse procedimento enrijece a estrutura polimérica das fibro-células (processo conhecido como hornificação) resultando assim em maior estabilidade dimensional da fibra. No presente estudo foi avaliada a influência da hornificação de fibras de sisal no seu comportamento físico (variações dimensionais e absorção de água), mecânico (comportamento sob cargas de tração direta) e microestrutural (modificações superficiais da fibra e da estrutura das fibro-células). Ensaios de arrancamento da fibra de sisal em matriz de cimento portland foram realizados, utilizando comprimentos de embebimento de 25 mm e 50 mm, com o objetivo de verificar se a possível estabilidade dimensional decorrente da hornificação aumentava a adesão fibra-matriz. Os resultados indicaram maior estabilidade dimensional, redução na capacidade de absorção de água, aumento na resistência à tração e capacidade de deformação e redução no módulo de elasticidade da fibra de sisal com a hornificação. Acréscimos na carga de arrancamento foram observados indicando uma maior aderência da fibra hornificada à matriz de cimento.

Aiming a reduction in the water absorption capacity of lingo-cellulosic fibers, wetting and drying cycles are usually performed in the industry of paper and cellulose. This procedure stiffens the polymeric structure of the fiber-cells (process known as hornification) resulting in a higher dimensional stability. In the present work it was investigated if the dimensional stability, obtained from the hornification process, can imporove the adhesion of the sisal fiber in a Portland cement matrix. In order to study the fiber-matrix bond adhesion pull-out tests were performed in embedment lengths of 25mm and 50mm. Furthermore, it was investigated the influence of the hornification in the physical behavior (dimensional variation and water absorption), mechanical (behavior under tensile loading) and microstructural (surface modifications of the fiber and changes in the fiber-cell structure). The results indicate a higher dimensional stability, reduction in the water absorption capacity, increase in the tensile strength and strain capacity and reduction in the modulus of elasticity with the hornification. The pull-out load increased which indicates a higher bond strength in the hornified fiber with the cementitious matrix.

Este trabalho tem como objetivo avaliar a proteção contra a descarbonetação de diferentes revestimentos de pintura de tijolos refratários MgO-C usados em panelas de aciaria. A oxidação de tijolos refratários MgO-C leva à perda de espessura dos tijolos e, conseqüentemente, à diminuição da vida útil dos mesmos. Neste trabalho, foram testados três tipos de revestimentos (A, B e C), preparados em laboratório, os quais foram aplicadas sobre tijolos MgO-C. Estes revestimentos foram testados em relação à proteção contra a descarbonetação nas temperaturas de 850, 950 e 1050ºC. A partir dos resultados obtidos, verificou-se que a aplicação de revestimentos para pintura sobre refratários MgO-C apenas minimiza a descarbonetação, já que estes revestimentos vitrificam em temperaturas superiores ao início da oxidação. Além disso, notou-se que a espessura da camada descarbonetada é diretamente proporcional à temperatura de queima. Entre os revestimentos avaliados, o que apresentou melhores resultados foi o C, devido as suas características de escorrimento e viscosidade, além de vitrificar em temperatura inferior a dos revestimentos A e B.

This work aims to evaluate the utilization of different coatings to prevent the decarburization of refractory bricks MgO-C used in ladles. This oxidation causes the loss of thickness of the bricks and the reduction of its useful live. The three types of coatings A, B e C were prepared in laboratory and then were applied on MgO-C bricks. The samples were tested at temperatures of 850ºC, 950ºC and 1050ºC. It was verified that the three tested coatings only minimize the decarburization, since they vitrify and become effective at temperatures higher to the beginning of the oxidation temperature. Moreover, it was noticed that the thickness of the decarburized layer is directly proportional to the firing temperature. The coating that presented better results was C, which showed better characteristics of flowing and viscosity. Besides that, it vitrified at lower temperature comparing to coatings A and the B.