Resumo: Introdução: A Rede Cegonha (RC) se propõe a reorganizar a saúde materna e infantil, por meio de ações para o enfrentamento das altas taxas de mortalidade destes segmentos e a formação de uma rede de proteção à mulher e à criança. Objetivo: analisar a operacionalização da RC em uma Região de Saúde do Estado de São Paulo, a partir da percepção de usuárias e de profissionais de saúde. Método: Estudo qualitativo por meio de entrevistas individuais com 25 usuárias e quatro grupos focais com profissionais da saúde de três municípios de pequeno porte de uma região de saúde. Os dados coletados foram tratados utilizando a análise de conteúdo, modalidade temática. Resultados: Foram abordados os seguintes temas: o ator que exerce o cuidado na perspectiva da gestante; desafios identificados pelas equipes. Conclusão: Embora as ações da RC tenham sido reconhecidas pelas usuárias com alguns apontamentos para melhoria, existem relatos de vulnerabilidade. Ressalta-se, ainda, a utilização das ferramentas propostas pela Política Nacional de Humanização e Política de Humanização do Pré Natal, Parto e Nascimento, cuja atuação participativa e colaborativa dos atores que produzem a saúde possibilita melhores arranjos para o cuidado e, consequentemente, experiências mais seguras e plenas para as mulheres.

Abstract: The Rede Cegonha (RC) comes as a proposal to reorganize maternal and child health, through actions to face the high mortality rates and the formation of a protection network for women and children. Objective: to analyze the operationalization of RC in a Health Region of the State of São Paulo, from the perception of users and health professionals. Method: Qualitative study through individual interviews with 25 users and four focus groups of health professionals from three small municipalities in a health region. The collected data were treated using content analysis, thematic modality. Results: The following topics were addressed: the perspective of the pregnant Woman of the actor who delivery care; challenges identified by the teams. Conclusion: Although the actions of Rede Cegonha have been observed by users with some notes for improvement, there are reports of vulnerability. It is noticeable that the use of the National Humanization Policy and the Humanization Policy for Pre-Natal, Childbirth and Birth, with the participatory and collaborative work of the actors that produce health, enables better arrangements for care and, consequently, safer and fuller experiences for women.

Abstract The illegal trade is a major threat to many bird species, and parrots are common victims of this activity. Domestic and international pet markets are interested on different parrot species, such as the Blue-and-yellow Macaw (Ara ararauna). This South American macaw is not globally threatened, but is under protection from over-exploitation. This study aimed to identify and characterize novel microsatellite loci for population and parentage analysis of A. ararauna. Scaffold sequences of Ara macao available in the NCBI database were used for microsatellite searches using MsatCommander software. We tested a total of 28 loci, from which 25 were polymorphic, one was monomorphic, and two did not generated amplification products. For polymorphic loci, the mean number of alleles was 8.24 (4 – 15 alleles per locus), the observed heterozygosity ranged from 0.333 to 0.917, and the expected heterozygosity from 0.353 to 0.890. The paternity exclusion probability and identity probability were highly discriminatory. Thus, these novel microsatellite markers can be useful for population assignment and paternity tests, helping the authorities to manage macaws from the illegal trafficking and control commercial breeders.

Resumo Objetivo Queimadas é um distúrbio natural nas paisagens do Bioma Savana. Este estudo avalia os efeitos do pós-fogo (antes e depois) na decomposição de serapilheira na comunidade de invertebrados e biomassa de fungos em diferentes detritos e malhas (fina e grossa) em riacho em curto prazo temporal. Métodos Folhas senescentes (2 ± 0,1 g de peso seco) foram colocadas em sacos (30 × 30 cm, 10 mm – de malha grossa e 0,5 mm - de malha fina) e submersas no fluxo antes e depois do fogo. Sacos replicados (n = 4) foram recuperados após 20 e 40 dias e lavados em uma peneira para separar os invertebrados (densidade, riqueza e grupo trófico funcional) para ambos os tratamentos (antes e após o fogo). Uma série de discos das folhas foi cortada para determinar a massa seca isenta de cinzas e o material restante foi seco em estufa para determinar o peso seco. Resultados O coeficiente médio de decomposição (k = -0,012 dia-1 antes do fogo) corresponde ao intervalo intermediário observado em outros riachos de Savana, com valores menores no pós-fogo (k = -0,007 dia-1). Isso pode ser explicado pelo fogo diminuir a importância da serapilheira alóctone para metabolismo de fluxo devido a aumentar a produção de autóctones (maior abertura do dossel pela queima do mesmo). O coeficiente de decomposição intermediário de todas as diferentes espécies de folhas pós-incêndio pode indicar que o fogo pode equalizar a qualidade da serapilheira em ecossistemas de lóticos. Por outro lado, raspadores (e não fungos ou fragmentadores) pela função de fragmentação foliar (por consumo de perifíton) diminuíram sua abundância (30-50%) no pós-fogo como a perda de massa foliar. Conclusões Isso pode indicar que o pós-fogo modifica as relações de importância dentro das comunidades decompositoras em riachos tropicais.

Abstract Aim Wildfire is a natural pulsed disturbance in landscapes of the Savannah Biome. This study evaluates short-term post-fire effects on leaf litter breakdown, the invertebrate community and fungal biomass of litter from three different vegetal species in a tropical stream. Methods Senescent leaves of Inga laurina, Protium spruceanum and Rircheria grandis (2 ± 0.1 g dry mass) were individually placed in litter bags (30 × 30 cm: 10 mm coarse mesh and 0.5 mm fine mesh) and submerged in the study stream before and after fire. Replicate bags (n = 4; individually for each species, sampling time, fire event and mesh size) were then retrieved after 20 and 40 days and washed to separate the invertebrates before fire event and again immediately after fire. Disks were cut from leaves to determine ash-free dry mass, while the remaining material was oven-dried to determine dry mass. Results The pre-fire mean decomposition coefficient (k = -0.012 day-1) was intermediate compared to that reported for other savannah streams, but post-fire it was lower (k = -0.007 day-1), due to decreased allochthonous litter input and increased autochthones production. Intermediate k values for all qualities of litter post-fire may indicate that fire is equalizing litter quality in the stream ecosystem. The abundance of scrapers was found to be more important than fungal biomass or shredder abundance, probably due to their functioning in leaf fragmentation while consuming periphyton growing on leaf litter. Conclusions Theses results indicate that fire can modify the relationships within decomposer communities in tropical stream ecosystems.

Polyetheretherketone (PEEK) has been prominent in orthopedic implants; however, it is inert, preventing interaction between the implant and adjacent bone tissues. One way to overcome this characteristic is physical modification its on surface by particle leaching promoting greater osseointegration. The objective of this research was to develop and characterize the PEEK using a surface modification technique via particle leaching. For of the samples, a layer deposition of NaCl was used on PEEK. This was subjected to the pressure of 850 kg/cm2 by 390ºC for 20 minutes. After cooling, were subjected to leaching process particles. The results indicated a porous surface exhibiting uniform and homogeneous morphology with defined pores interconected, to in the range of 140-373 µm, with an average diameter of 273 µm. These evidenced the considerable NaCl removal after the leaching process, with cavities from ideal sizes which promotes adequate cellular accommodation and distinct roughness, giving an overall possibility of being able to obtain a material more able to receive the cells while also possibly presenting cell viability. Although the compressive strength presented low values, it can still be suitable for applications in areas with a reduced modulus of elasticity.