Abstract Background Sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) poses a major threat to both physical and mental health; however, there is still a lack of effective drugs to treat the disease. Recently, novel biological therapies, such as mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and their products, namely, exosomes, are showing promising therapeutic potential due to their low immunogenicity, few ethical concerns, and easy accessibility. Nevertheless, the precise mechanisms underlying the therapeutic effects of MSC-derived exosomes remain unclear. Results Exosomes derived from MSCs reduced hearing and hair cell loss caused by neomycin-induced damage in models in vivo and in vitro. In addition, MSC-derived exosomes modulated autophagy in hair cells to exert a protective effect. Mechanistically, exogenously administered exosomes were internalized by hair cells and subsequently upregulated endocytic gene expression and endosome formation, ultimately leading to autophagy activation. This increased autophagic activity promoted cell survival, decreased the mitochondrial oxidative stress level and the apoptosis rate in hair cells, and ameliorated neomycin-induced ototoxicity. Conclusions In summary, our findings reveal the otoprotective capacity of exogenous exosome-mediated autophagy activation in hair cells in an endocytosis-dependent manner, suggesting possibilities for deafness treatment. SNHL (SNHL health however disease Recently therapies (MSCs products namely immunogenicity concerns accessibility Nevertheless MSCderived MSC unclear neomycininduced neomycin induced vitro addition effect Mechanistically formation survival ototoxicity summary exosomemediated exosome mediated endocytosisdependent endocytosis dependent manner treatment

Abstract Introduction: Propofol is a widely used anesthetic and its dose is closely related to aging. Telomere length (TL) is a unique heritable trait, and emerging as a biomarker of aging, health and disease. Telomerase RNA component (TERC) plays an important role in maintaining TL. We proposed a hypothesis that propofol dose in general anesthesia can be predicted by measuring TL before operation, which greatly reduced the risk of anesthesia, especially the elderly. Methods: The association between the propofol dose in anesthesia induction and: TL in the DNA of peripheral blood leukocytes; body weight; sex; difference of the Bispectral Index (BIS) before and after anesthesia induction in patients was evaluated by multivariable linear regression analyses. The mutation at the 5’end or 3’end of TERC was detected. We recruited 100 patients of elective surgery. Results: We found that propofol dose in anesthesia induction was clearly correlated significantly with TL (r = 0.78, p < 0.001), body weight (r = 0.84, p = 0.004), sex (r = 0.83, p= 0.84, p = 0.004), sex (r = 0.83, p = 0.004), and difference of BIS before and after anesthesia induction (r = 0.85, p = 0.029). By comparing the absolute values of standardized regression coefficients (0.58, 0.21, 0.19, and 0.12) of the four variables, it can be seen that TL contributes the most to the propofol dose in anesthesia induction. However, the mutation at the 5’ end or 3’ end of TERC was not found. Conclusions: These findings provide preliminary evidence that the propofol dose in anesthesia induction was clearly correlated with genetically determined TL. TL may be a promising predictor of the propofol dose, which is beneficial to improve the safety of anesthesia and reduce perioperative complications.

ABSTRACT The fertile land in Heilongjiang Province of China is suitable for rice cultivation, but this area is susceptible to low temperature and chilling injury, which is prevented by planting rice varieties suitable for GP that is an important measure. However, selection based on rice traits is vulnerable to environmental influences and takes a long time, and selection based on molecular markers may result in progeny recombination and lack of reliability. Therefore, an efficient accurate and intelligent identification method for rice growth period is urgently needed. In this study, machine learning and deep learning methods in Python were used to analyze the Raman spectra of 6 rice varieties in three accumulated temperature region of Heilongjiang Province. 1) In machine learning, Principal Component Analysis (PCA) was adopted for feature extraction, in combination with Support Vector Machine (SVM) classification models suitable for nonlinear data sets for identification, the identification rate was 93.33% and the type of this experimental data set was determined to be discrete. 2) In deep learning, Continuous Wavelet Transform (CWT) methods was adopted for data preprocessing, combined with the Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN) model with its own feature extraction, with the highest accuracy of 94.82%, which was higher than the PCA+SVM identification model. 3) Based on the method mentioned in 2), in order to improve the feature extraction ability of the model as a whole, Convolutional Block Attention Module (CBAM) was used to improve the CNN identification model for the first time for one-dimensional data sets, and the highest identification rate was 98.28%, which was better than the PCA+SVM identification model. 3) In the verification test, Raman spectral information of 4 rice varieties was brought into the constructed CWT+CNN-CBAM identification model for identification, and the identification results were as high as 94.79%. The experimental results showed that the CWT visualization data processing method based on Raman technology combined with the CNN identification model of CBAM with improved feature extraction ability in deep learning achieved the best identification results, which could provide an efficient, accurate and intelligent method for the identification of different growth period of rice varieties in Heilongjiang Province.

ABSTRACT Knowing the proliferative capacity of herbicide-resistant weeds is the basis for the integrated management. We collected seeds of two Echinochloa glabrescens Munro ex Hook. f. populations (TS and WH) from rice (Oryza sativa L.) fields in eastern China (F0 populations), and those from individuals surviving the initial metamifop treatment (F1 lines) were tested for their responses to metamifop, and common garden experiments were conducted to compare their productivities. We found that TS was highly resistant to metamifop, and WH was susceptible. After treated with metamifop at the label dose (120 g ai ha-1), averagely 56% and 16% of TS and WH F1 lines contained surviving seedlings, and averagely 24% and 1% F1 seedlings survived among total seedlings of the same population, respectively. After treated with metamifop at a dose of 0, 60, 120 or 240 g ai ha-1, surviving F0 plants escaped from higher doses reproduced higher proportions of metamifop-resistant F1 progenies in both populations. At 120 d after sowing (DAS), TS individuals surviving 2 × label dose of metamifop showed nonsignificant difference in plant heights, biomass and seed production, compared with relative control treatment; while WH plants surviving the label dose of metamifop decreased seed production by 25%-39%. One WH and TS plant individual surviving metamifop treatment at the label dose may generate 10-21 and 490-701 progenies resistant to the label dose of metamifop, respectively.

Resumen Objetivo. Investigar la seguridad y la eficacia de la discectomía endoscópica percutánea (DEP) y de la discectomía fenestrada (DF) en el tratamiento de la hernia de disco lumbar. Método. Se analizaron retrospectivamente los datos clínicos completos de 87 pacientes con hernia de disco lumbar. De acuerdo con el tratamiento prescrito, los pacientes fueron divididos en grupo control (DF, n = 39) y grupo de estudio (DEP, n = 48). Se compararon las condiciones básicas de funcionamiento de los dos grupos y se evaluaron los resultados de la cirugía, la incidencia de complicaciones y la calidad de vida al año de la operación. Resultados. Ambos grupos completaron la operación. En el grupo de estudio, las puntuaciones en la escala visual análoga y ODI disminuyeron significativamente, mientras que las puntuaciones JOA aumentaron significativamente. La tasa de éxito de la operación en el grupo de estudio fue significativamente mayor que en el grupo control, y la incidencia de complicaciones fue significativamente menor que en el grupo control. No hubo diferencia significativa en la calidad de vida entre los dos grupos (p > 0.05). Conclusiones. La tasa de éxito del tratamiento con DEP fue mayor, y el tiempo de recuperación fue más rápido y más seguro que con la DF.

Abstract Background. The aim of the study was to explore the safety and efficacy of percutaneous transforaminal endoscopic discectomy (PTED) and fenestration discectomy (FD) in the treatment of lumbar disc herniation (LDH). Material and methods. The complete clinical data from 87 patients with LDH from our hospital were retrospectively analyzed. Patients were divided into a control group (n = 39, treated with FD) and a research group (n = 48, treated with PTED) according to the prescribed treatments. The basic operation conditions were compared across the two groups. Surgical outcomes were assessed. The incidences of complications and the life quality of patients were evaluated 1 year after surgery. Results. The patients in both groups completed the operation. The visual analog scale and Oswestry Disability Index score of patients in the research group was significantly lower while the Orthopaedic Association Score was significantly higher after surgery. The success rate of the operation in the research group which was significantly higher and the rate of complications was significantly lower. No statistical differences in the quality of life were observed between the patients (p > 0.05). Conclusions. PTED and FD are effective in the treatment of LDH. However, our study showed that PTED has a higher rate of treatment success, faster recovery times and is safer than FD.

RESUMO Introdução Proporcionalmente ao desenvolvimento da economia, aumenta também o problema da obesidade entre os adolescentes. Esse índice anormal no metabolismo lipídico pode influenciar outras doenças físicas além de prejudicar o desenvolvimento social na juventude. Objetivo Investigar o treinamento físico e a regulação do metabolismo lipídico em adolescentes, melhorando o índice metabólico dos jovens obesos. Métodos 80 adolescentes obesos com número igual de ambos os sexos foram distribuídos aleatoriamente em grupos controlados de experimento e controle. O grupo experimental recebeu treinamentos esportivos diários de 80 minutos (aeróbica, caminhada, badminton, natação e outros esportes com baixa intensidade e longa duração), seis vezes por semana durante um mês, sem distinção de intensidade ou frequência dos exercícios para os sexos. Foi realizado o método de comparação entre os grupos, antes e após a intervenção, com indicadores incluindo peso corporal, IMC, taxa de líquidos, medição de água, cintura, quadril, espessura de dobras cutâneas, FBG, CT, Tg, HDL - C, LDL - C entre outros. Resultados O treinamento físico pode melhorar efetivamente a forma corporal dos adolescentes. Índices sanguíneos e outros indicadores com exceção do HDL-C estão positivamente correlacionados com essa forma corporal. O treinamento físico melhorou substancialmente o metabolismo lipídico de adolescentes obesos. Conclusão O esquema de exercícios deste experimento demonstrou-se simples e viável, oferecendo aos adolescentes um físico mais saudável e mais confiança no processo de estudo diário, vida e interação social, mas também reduzir diversas doenças causadas pela obesidade. Devido a facilidade de replicação, o número de amostrar pode ser expandido para conclusões universais, viabilizando a sua popularização. Nível de evidência II; Estudos terapêuticos - investigação dos desfechos do tratamento.

ABSTRACT Introduction In proportion to the development of the economy, the problem of obesity among adolescents is also increasing. This abnormal lipid metabolism index can influence other physical diseases besides harming the social development of youth. Objective Investigate physical training and the regulation of lipid metabolism in adolescents, improving the metabolic index of obese youth. Methods 80 obese adolescents with equal numbers of both genders were randomly assigned into experimental and control groups. The experimental group received daily 80-min sports training (aerobics, walking, badminton, swimming, and other sports with low intensity and long duration) six times a week for one month, without distinction of exercise intensity or frequency for gender. A comparison method was performed between the groups before and after the intervention with indicators including body weight, BMI, fluid ratio, water measurement, waist, hip, skinfold thickness, FBG, CT, Tg, HDL - C, and LDL - C, among others. Results Physical training can effectively improve adolescents’ body shape. Blood indices and other indicators except for HDL-C positively correlate with this body shape. Physical training substantially improved lipid metabolism in obese adolescents. Conclusion The exercise regimen of this experiment proved to be simple and manageable, offering adolescents a healthier physical and more confidence in their daily study, life, and social interaction, but also reducing several diseases caused by obesity. Due to the ease of replication, the sample size can be expanded to universal conclusions, making it feasible to popularize. Level of evidence II; Therapeutic studies - investigation of treatment outcomes.

RESUMEN Introducción Proporcionalmente al desarrollo de la economía, el problema de la obesidad entre los adolescentes también aumenta. Este índice anormal en el metabolismo lipídico puede influir en otras enfermedades físicas además de perjudicar el desarrollo social en la juventud. Objetivo Investigar el entrenamiento físico y la regulación del metabolismo lipídico en adolescentes, mejorando el índice metabólico de los jóvenes obesos. Métodos 80 adolescentes obesos con igual número de ambos sexos fueron distribuidos aleatoriamente en los grupos de experimento y de control. El grupo experimental recibió 80 minutos diarios de entrenamiento deportivo (aeróbic, marcha, bádminton, natación y otros deportes de baja intensidad y larga duración), seis veces a la semana durante un mes, sin distinción de intensidad o frecuencia de los ejercicios para los sexos. Se realizó un método de comparación entre los grupos, antes y después de la intervención, con indicadores que incluían el peso corporal, el IMC, la tasa de líquidos, la medición del agua, la cintura, la cadera, el grosor de los pliegues cutáneos, FBG, CT, Tg, HDL - C, LDL - C, entre otros. Resultados El entrenamiento físico puede mejorar eficazmente la forma corporal de los adolescentes. Los índices sanguíneos y otros indicadores, excepto el HDL-C, están positivamente correlacionados con esta forma corporal. El entrenamiento físico mejoró sustancialmente el metabolismo de los lípidos en los adolescentes obesos. Conclusión El esquema de ejercicios de este experimento demostró ser simple y factible, ofreciendo a los adolescentes un físico más saludable y más confianza en el proceso de estudio diario, la vida y la interacción social, pero también reduciendo varias enfermedades causadas por la obesidad. Debido a la facilidad de replicación, el tamaño de la muestra puede ampliarse para obtener conclusiones universales, lo que permite su popularización. Nivel de evidencia II; Estudios terapêuticos - investigación de los resultados del tratamiento.

Abstract Flos Sophorae (FS) is medicinal and edible, while fresh FS is highly perishable. Thus, this study investigated the effects of different drying methods (hot air drying, HAD; vacuum drying, VD; freeze drying, FD) after steaming on the bioactive components and sensory quality of FS. The results indicated steaming for 1 min maximally retained the contents of total flavonoids, rutin, and quercetin in thermal drying (HAD and VD), meanwhile, the freeze-dried FS without steaming also had higher total flavonoids and rutin contents. Moreover, FD samples had the highest protein content and organoleptic properties, with closer color parameters to fresh FS, followed by the VD group. Considering comprehensively all data with processing cost, the sample of VD after steaming for 1 min was chosen to measure the antioxidant activity, which showed that FS extract was superior to Vc in ABTS• and •OH scavenging rates, and its DPPH• scavenging rate was stronger than Vc in the low concentration. These results demonstrated that vacuum drying after steaming for 1 min was suitable postharvest processing for fresh FS, which was beneficial to maintaining higher flavonoids, rutin, and sensory characteristics of FS, and its flavonoid extract had better antioxidant activity than Vc.

ABSTRACT This study investigated oxidative damage and exocrine dysfunction of fetal pancreas caused by maternal nutritional restriction. Eighteen ewes carrying singleton fetus were randomly divided into control group (CG, ad libitum, 0.67 MJ ME/BW0.75/d, n = 6), restricted group 1 (RG1, 0.33 MJ ME/BW0.75/d, n = 6), and restricted group 2 (RG2, 0.18 MJ ME/BW0.75/d, n = 6) at d 90 of pregnancy. Maternal undernutrition was imposed from d 90 to 140 of pregnancy. At 140 d of gestation, fetal blood and pancreas tissue were collected to determine fetal pancreatic extracellular matrix, antioxidant capacity, and indicators of exocrine dysfunction. With the decrease of maternal nutrition, the fetal body weight, pancreatic weight, and DNA content were reduced in RG2 compared with CG, and increased and thickened collagen fibers were observed in RG2. Fetuses in RG2 exhibited increased collagen 3 (COL3) and fibronectin (FN) levels relative to CG, and the COL1:COL3 ratio was lower than that of the CG. For RG1, we found increased COL3 compared with CG. Malondialdehyde, serum amylase, and serum lipase in fetal pancreas in RG2 increased, but the total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC) decreased compared with the CG. The impaired ovine fetal pancreas growth, antioxidant imbalance, and pancreatic exocrine dysfunction are induced by maternal undernutrition during late pregnancy.

ABSTRACT Introduction: Kungfu is a traditional Chinese sports activity, and many optional courses are offered in many universities. However, during kung fu practice, sports injuries can be caused. Objective: Investigate the most common types of sports injuries caused by kung fu practice and present intervention countermeasures. Methods: A total of 612 college students practicing kung fu at 5 universities were investigated, and a 12-week follow-up survey was conducted to collect data on the types, causes, and injury grades of their sports injuries. According to the survey results, reasonable prevention and intervention measures were formulated to ensure the safety of kung fu practice. Results: The sports injuries caused by kung fu practice mainly occurred at the waist, knees, and ankles, and the types of sports injuries were mainly by ligament strain, which was mainly caused by improper preparation, poor physical functioning, and mental state, incorrect technical movements, etc. Conclusion: Kung fu practice can improve the physical health of college students, but it can also lead to sports injuries, especially to the pelvic girdle, knees, and ankles. Strict preventive measures should be taken to prevent sports injuries from affecting the physical health of college students. Level of evidence II; Therapeutic studies - investigation of treatment outcomes.

RESUMEN Introducción: El kung fu es una actividad deportiva tradicional china, y en muchas universidades se ofrecen cursos opcionales. Sin embargo, durante la práctica del kung fu pueden producirse lesiones deportivas. Objetivo: Investigar los tipos más comunes de lesiones deportivas causadas por la práctica del kung fu y presentar las contramedidas de intervención. Métodos: Se investigó a un total de 612 estudiantes universitarios que practicaban kung fu en 5 universidades, y se realizó una encuesta de seguimiento de 12 semanas para recoger datos sobre los tipos, las causas y los grados de lesión de sus lesiones deportivas. Según los resultados de la investigación, se formularon medidas razonables de prevención e intervención para garantizar la seguridad de la práctica del kung fu. Resultados: Las lesiones deportivas causadas por la práctica del kung fu se produjeron principalmente en la cintura, las rodillas y los tobillos, y los tipos de lesiones deportivas fueron sobre todo por distensión de los ligamentos, lo que fue causado principalmente por una preparación inadecuada, un mal funcionamiento físico y un estado mental, movimientos técnicos incorrectos, etc. Conclusión: La práctica del kung fu puede mejorar la salud física de los estudiantes universitarios, pero también puede provocar lesiones deportivas, principalmente en la cintura pélvica, las rodillas y los tobillos. Deben adoptarse estrictas medidas preventivas para evitar que las lesiones deportivas afecten a la salud física de los estudiantes universitarios. Nivel de evidencia II; Estudios terapéuticos - investigación de los resultados del tratamiento.

RESUMO Introdução: O kung fu é uma atividade esportiva tradicional chinesa, sendo que muitos cursos opcionais são oferecidos em várias universidades. Porém, durante a prática de kung fu, lesões esportivas podem ser causadas. Objetivo: Investigar os tipos mais comuns de lesões esportivas causadas pela prática de kung fu e apresentar as contramedidas de intervenção. Métodos: Um total de 612 estudantes universitários praticantes de kung fu em 5 universidades foram investigados, uma pesquisa de acompanhamento de 12 semanas foi realizada para coletar dados sobre os tipos, causas e graus de lesão de suas lesões esportivas. De acordo com os resultados da pesquisa, foram formuladas medidas razoáveis de prevenção e intervenção para garantir a segurança da prática de kung fu. Resultados: As lesões esportivas causadas pela prática de kung fu ocorreram principalmente na cintura, joelhos e tornozelos, e os tipos de lesões esportivas foram principalmente por tensão ligamentar, que foi causada principalmente por preparação inadequada, mau funcionamento físico e estado mental, movimentos técnicos incorretos, etc. Conclusão: A prática de kung fu pode melhorar a saúde física dos estudantes universitários, mas também pode levar a lesões esportivas, principalmente na cintura pélvica, joelhos e tornozelos. Medidas preventivas rigorosas devem ser tomadas para evitar que lesões esportivas afetem a saúde física dos estudantes universitários. Nível de evidência II; Estudos terapêuticos - investigação dos resultados do tratamento.

ABSTRACT Introduction: Chinese boxing is a highly combative sport and injuries are inevitable. Rehabilitation of knee joint injuries can not only save the athlete’s professional career but also improve their prevention ability. Objective: Study the situation of knee joint injuries in Chinese boxing and explore the strategies of sports rehabilitation. Methods: This experiment lasted 8 weeks. The knee joint activity and daily exercise ability of the control and experimental groups were tested. Results: In the experimental group, the knee joint extension range was increased to - 1.61° (± 2.228), the knee joint flexion range was increased to 97.14° (± 6.430), the walking ability score was increased to 32.25 (± 5.751) points, and the stair climbing and descending ability score was increased to 35.12 (± 8.764) points. The control group’s scores were also optimized, but the range of optimization was smaller than that of the experimental group. Conclusion: Compared with traditional physical therapy and massage, sports rehabilitation training has a more significant effect on improving the range of motion and prevention ability on athletes’ knee joints and should be promoted. Level of evidence II; Therapeutic studies - investigation of treatment outcomes.

RESUMEN Introducción: El boxeo chino es un deporte altamente combativo y sus lesiones son inevitables. La rehabilitación de las lesiones de la articulación de la rodilla no sólo puede salvar la carrera profesional del deportista, sino también mejorar su capacidad de prevención. Objetivo: Estudiar la situación de las lesiones de la articulación de la rodilla por el boxeo chino y explorar las estrategias de rehabilitación deportiva. Métodos: Este experimento duró 8 semanas. Se comprobó la actividad de la articulación de la rodilla y la capacidad de ejercicio diario de los grupos de control y experimental. Resultados: En el grupo experimental, el rango de extensión de la articulación de la rodilla aumentó a - 1,61° (± 2,228), el rango de flexión de la articulación de la rodilla aumentó a 97,14° (± 6,430), la puntuación de la capacidad de caminar aumentó a 32,25 (± 5,751) puntos, y la puntuación de la capacidad de subir y bajar escaleras aumentó a 35,12 (± 8,764) puntos. Las puntuaciones del grupo de control también se optimizaron, pero el rango de optimización fue menor que el del grupo experimental. Conclusión: En comparación con la fisioterapia tradicional y el masaje, el entrenamiento de rehabilitación deportiva tiene un efecto más significativo en la mejora de la amplitud de movimiento y la capacidad de prevención en las articulaciones de la rodilla de los atletas y debería promoverse. Nivel de evidencia II; Estudios terapéuticos - investigación de los resultados del tratamiento.

RESUMO Introdução: O boxe chinês é um esporte altamente combativo e suas lesões são inevitáveis. A reabilitação de lesões nas articulações do joelho pode não apenas salvar a carreira profissional do atleta como também melhorar a sua capacidade de prevenção. Objetivo: Estudar a situação das lesões nas articulações do joelho pelo boxe chinês e explorar as estratégias de reabilitação esportiva. Métodos: Esta experiência teve duração de 8 semanas. A atividade articular do joelho e a capacidade de exercício diário dos grupos controle e experimental foram testadas. Resultados: No grupo experimental, o alcance da extensão da articulação do joelho foi aumentado para - 1,61° (± 2,228), o alcance da flexão da articulação do joelho foi aumentado para 97,14° (± 6,430), a pontuação da capacidade de caminhar foi aumentada para 32,25 (± 5,751) pontos, e a pontuação da capacidade de subir e descer escadas foi aumentada para 35,12 (± 8,764) pontos. Os índices do grupo de controle também foram otimizados, mas a faixa de otimização foi menor do que a do grupo experimental. Conclusão: Em comparação com a fisioterapia e massagem tradicionais, o treinamento de reabilitação esportiva tem um efeito mais significativo na melhoria da amplitude de movimento e na capacidade de prevenção sobre as articulações dos joelhos dos atletas, devendo ser promovido. Nível de evidência II; Estudos terapêuticos - investigação dos resultados do tratamento.

ABSTRACT Introduction Chinese boxing is an aggressive, competitive, and combative sport. During its performance, good physical fitness and a stable heart rate can determine the athletes’ sports performance. Objective Study special physical training methods of Chinese boxing athletes by monitoring their heart rates. Methods The implementation period of the experiment totaled eight weeks, performed three times a week. The control group did not get any specific physical training while the experimental group received special physical training, properly protocoled. Their indices were measured before, during, and after the experiment, with classification and data analysis by Excel and SPSS software. Results The fitness data of the experimental group were significantly improved, with the heart rate more stable, corroborating the effectiveness of the special training. Conclusion The use of special physical training can optimize and better adjust the pre-existing protocol according to the athletes’ real competition needs, improving the specialized physical fitness and the athletes’ competitive level. It also helps stabilize the heart rate, helping athletes get better results in combat. Level of evidence II; Therapeutic studies - investigating treatment outcomes.

RESUMEN Introducción El boxeo chino es un deporte agresivo, competitivo y combativo. Durante su ejecución, el buen estado físico y el ritmo cardíaco estable pueden determinar el rendimiento deportivo de los atletas. Objetivo Estudiar los métodos de entrenamiento físico especial de los atletas de boxeo chinos mediante la monitorización de sus frecuencias cardíacas. Métodos El periodo de aplicación del experimento fue de ocho semanas, realizado tres veces por semana. El grupo de control no obtuvo ningún entrenamiento físico específico, mientras que el grupo experimental recibió un entrenamiento físico especial, debidamente protocolizado. Se midieron sus índices antes, durante y después del experimento, con clasificación y análisis de datos mediante los programas Excel y SPSS. Resultados Los datos de aptitud física del grupo experimental mejoraron significativamente, con una frecuencia cardíaca más estable, lo que corrobora la eficacia del entrenamiento especial. Conclusión El uso del entrenamiento físico especial puede optimizar y ajustar mejor el protocolo preexistente, de acuerdo con las necesidades reales de competición de los atletas, mejorando la aptitud física especializada y el nivel competitivo de los atletas. También ayuda a estabilizar el ritmo cardíaco, ayudando a los atletas a obtener mejores resultados en el combate. Nivel de evidencia II; Estudios terapéuticos - investigación de los resultados del tratamiento.

RESUMO Introdução O boxe chinês é um esporte agressivo, competitivo e combativo. Durante a sua execução, a boa forma física e a frequência cardíaca estável podem determinar o desempenho esportivo dos atletas. Objetivo Estudar métodos especiais de treinamento físico dos atletas de boxe chinês monitorando suas frequências cardíacas. Métodos O período de implementação do experimento totalizou oito semanas, executado três vezes por semana. O grupo de controle não obteve nenhum treinamento físico específico enquanto o grupo experimental recebeu um treinamento físico especial, devidamente protocolado. Seus índices foram mensurados antes, durante e depois do experimento, com classificação e análise de dados pelos programas Excel e SPSS. Resultados Os dados de aptidão física do grupo experimental foram significativamente aprimorados, com frequência cardíaca foi mais estável, corroborando a eficácia do treinamento especial. Conclusão O uso de treino físico especial pode otimizar e ajustar melhor o protocolo pré-existente, de acordo com as necessidades reais de competição dos atletas, melhorando a aptidão física especializada e o nível competitivo dos atletas. Também auxilia na estabilização da frequência cardíaca, ajudando os atletas a obterem melhores resultados em combate. Nível de evidência II; Estudos terapêuticos - investigação dos resultados do tratamento.

ABSTRACT Introduction: Ballroom dancing has become popular as an exercise method that encompasses many benefits in the social aspect. However, some middle-aged and elderly dancers have suffered from injuries and other problems from dancing. The comprehensive understanding of gymnastic training to solve this problem has not yet been raised, without which no adequate means of prevention can be outlined. Objective: Study the effect of balanced aerobic training on the physical fitness of middle-aged and elderly ballroom dance practitioners. Methods: A study was conducted with 50 volunteers practicing ballroom dancing, middle-aged and elderly, divided into experimental and control groups. According to the community square dance protocol, the control group performed the dance for one hour daily. The experimental group also used the same period and technique, introducing balanced aerobic exercises. Fitness and performance data were collected before and after the intervention, analyzed, and presented statistically. Results: In the experimental group, the growth rate of the grip strength index was 28.70%, the lumbar strength index was 32.27%, the time rate in the orthostatic position was 6.28%, and the sitting forward flexion index was 6.69%. Conclusion: Compared to traditional community sports, balanced aerobics inserted into ballroom dance training showed an improvement effect on the physical and sports fitness of middle-aged and elderly women, and may also prevent the adverse effects of aging on activities of daily living, and its implementation is valid. Level of evidence II; Therapeutic studies - investigation of treatment outcomes.

RESUMEN Introducción: Los bailes de salón se han popularizado como método de ejercicio físico que encierra muchos beneficios en el aspecto social. Sin embargo, algunos bailarines de mediana y avanzada edad han sufrido lesiones y otros problemas derivados del baile. Aún no se ha planteado un conocimiento exhaustivo del entrenamiento gimnástico para resolver este problema, sin el cual no se pueden esbozar medios adecuados de prevención. Objetivo: Estudiar el efecto del entrenamiento aeróbico equilibrado en la forma física de los practicantes de bailes de salón de mediana y avanzada edad. Métodos: Se desarrolló un estudio con 50 voluntarios practicantes de bailes de salón, de mediana y avanzada edad, divididos en grupos experimental y control. El grupo de control realizó el baile durante una hora diaria, según el protocolo de baile de salón de la comunidad. El grupo experimental utilizó el mismo período y la misma técnica, introduciendo ejercicios aeróbicos equilibrados. Se recogieron datos sobre la forma física y el rendimiento antes y después de la intervención, y se analizaron y presentaron estadísticamente. Resultados: En el grupo experimental, el índice de crecimiento del índice de fuerza de prensión fue del 28,70%, el índice de fuerza lumbar fue del 32,27%, el índice de tiempo en posición ortostática fue del 6,28% y el índice de flexión hacia delante sentado fue del 6,69%. Conclusión: En comparación con los deportes comunitarios tradicionales, los ejercicios aeróbicos equilibrados insertados en el entrenamiento de bailes de salón mostraron un efecto de mejora en la forma física y deportiva de las mujeres de mediana edad y ancianas, y también pueden prevenir los efectos adversos del envejecimiento en las actividades de la vida diaria, y su aplicación es válida. Nivel de evidencia II; Estudios terapéuticos - investigación de los resultados del tratamiento.

RESUMO Introdução: A dança de salão popularizou-se como um método de exercício físico que abrange muitos benefícios no aspecto social. Contudo, alguns dançarinos de meia idade e idosos têm sofrido com lesões e outros problemas decorrentes da dança. A compreensão abrangente do treino com ginástica para a solução desse problema ainda não foi levantada, sem a qual não se pode traçar meios adequados de prevenção. Objetivo: Estudar o efeito do treinamento aeróbico balanceado sobre a aptidão física de praticantes de dança de salão de meia-idade e idosos. Métodos: Foi elaborado um estudo com 50 voluntários praticantes de dança de salão, de meia idade e idosos, divididos em grupos experimental e controle. O grupo de controle realizou a dança durante uma hora diária, de acordo com o protocolo de dança da praça comunitária. O grupo experimental também utilizou o mesmo período e técnica, introduzindo exercícios aeróbicos balanceados. Os dados de aptidão física e desempenho foram coletados antes e após a intervenção, analisados e apresentados estatisticamente. Resultados: No grupo experimental, a taxa de crescimento do índice de força de preensão foi de 28,70%, o índice de força lombar foi de 32,27%, a taxa de tempo em posição ortostática foi de 6,28%, e o índice de flexão sentado para frente foi de 6,69%. Conclusão: Em comparação com os esportes comunitários tradicionais, a aeróbica equilibrada inserida no treino de dança de salão apresentou um efeito de melhoria na aptidão física e esportiva das mulheres de meia-idade e idosas, podendo prevenir também os efeitos adversos do envelhecimento sobre as atividades de vida diária, sendo válida a sua implementação. Nível de evidência II; Estudos terapêuticos - investigação dos resultados do tratamento.

Abstract Objective: This study aimed to perform a meta-analysis to investigate the diagnostic safety and accuracy of Ultrasound-Guided Core Needle Biopsy (US-CNB) Axillary Lymph Nodes (ALNs) region in patients with Breast Cancer (BC). Methods: The authors searched the electronic databases PubMed, Scopus, Embase, and Web of Science for clinical trials about US-CNB for the detection of ALNs in breast cancer patients. The authors extracted and pooled raw data from the included studies and performed statistical analyses using Meta-DiSc 1.4 and Review Manager 5.3 software. A random effects model was used to calculate the data. At the same time, data from the Ultrasound-guided Fine-Needle Aspiration (US-FNA) were introduced for comparison with the US-CNB. In addition, the subgroup was performed to explore the causes of heterogeneity. (PROSPERO ID: CRD42022369491). Results: In total, 18 articles with 2521 patients were assessed as meeting the study criteria. The overall sensitivity was 0.90 (95% CI [Confidence Interval], 0.87‒0.91; p = 0.00), the overall specificity was 0.99 (95% CI 0.98‒ 1.00; p = 0.62), the overall area under the curve (AUC) was 0.98. Next, in the comparison of US-CNB and US-FNA, US-CNB is better than US-FNA in the diagnosis of ALNs metastases. The sensitivity was 0.88 (95% CI 0.84‒ 0.91; p = 0.12) vs. 0.73 (95% CI 0.69‒0.76; p = 0.91), the specificity was 1.00 (95% CI 0.99‒1.00; p = 1.00) vs. 0.99 (95% CI 0.67‒0.74; p = 0.92), and the AUC was 0.99 vs. 0.98. Subgroup analysis showed that heterogeneity may be related to preoperative Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy (NAC) treatment, region, size of tumor diameter, and the number of punctures. Conclusion: US-CNB has a satisfactory diagnostic performance with good specificity and sensitivity in the preoperative diagnosis of ALNs in BC patients.

Abstract Aplastic anemia (AA), a rare disorder, is associated with bone marrow microenvironment (BMM). Presently, AA treatment is of great difficulty. This study aimed to explore the mechanism of action of Rehmannia glutinosa polysaccharide (RGP) in AA. Busulfan was used to induce AA in BALB/c mice; blood cell count and Ray’s Giemsa staining were used to assess the severity of hematopoietic failure; HE was performed to assess the pathological state of the marrow cavity; ELISA was performed to assess IL-4, IL-10, IL-6, IL-12, IL-1β, TNF-α, MCP-1, VEGF, and EPO; and WB was performed to evaluate the effects of RGP on the HIF-1α/NF-κB signaling. Significant downregulation of hemocyte levels in the blood and nucleated cells in the bone marrow was reversed by RGP and Cyclosporine A (CA). Compared with the AA group, dilating blood sinusoids, inflammation, hematopoiesis, decreased bone marrow cells and megakaryocytes were alleviated by RGP and CA, and the HIF-1α/NF-κB signaling was inhibited too. Notably, RGP was more effective when used in combination with CA. In this study, we established a relationship between BMM and the HIF-1α/NF-κB signaling pathway and found that RGP regulates BMM by suppressing the activation of the HIF-1α/NF-κB signaling. Thus, RGP exerts a pharmacological effect on AA.

Abstract This study aimed to investigate the molecular mechanism of Picrasma quassioides Benn against inflammation by means of network pharmacology. The paper will provide a reference for multi-target and multi-channel treatment of inflammation with traditional Chinese medicine. Through screening and analysis, 11 active ingredients and 109 anti-inflammation prediction targets were obtained and constructed a compound-target network. The targets such as VEGFA, TLR4 and STAT3 may play a crucial role. Network enrichment analysis showed that the 109 potential targets constitute a number of pathways or inflammatory reactions closely related to inflammation, including NF-κB signaling pathway and MAPK signaling pathway. The docking results indicated that the binding energy of Picrasidine Y and the inflammatory factors VEGFA is the highest. This study predicted the role of multiple active compounds in the alkaloids of Picrasma in the inflammatory response, and provided a theoretical basis for the anti-inflammatory mechanism of Picrasma.