Abstract Curcumin, contained at Turmeric (Curcumalonga), can exert many beneficial pleiotropic activities in the gastrointestinal tract. This study evaluated the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity of C. longa on 5-fluorouracil (5-FU)-induced oral mucositis (OM) in hamsters. Phytochemical analysis of crude C. longa extract (CLE) was performed to detect the presence of curcumin by TLC and HPLC. Golden Syrian hamsters were orally pre-treated with CLE (5, 50, or 100mg/kg). Cheek pouch samples were subjected to macroscopic and histopathological evaluation. ELISA was performed to quantify the inflammatory cytokines IL-1β and TNF-α. Superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione (GSH) and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels were assessed by ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy analysis. Behavior analysis was conducted by the open field test. Curcumin content in the CLE was 0.55%m/m ± 0.0161 (2.84%). The group treated with 5mg/kg CLE showed healing evidence with macroscopic absence of ulceration (p<0.05) and microscopic aspect of re-epithelialization, discrete inflammatory infiltrate and absence of edema. Treatment with 5mg/kg CLE significantly increased GSH levels, and reduced MDA levels and SOD activity (p˂0.05), and decreased IL-1β (p˂0.05) and TNF-α (p˂0.01) levels. A significant reduction in walking distance, ambulation, speed, and rearing was observed for motor activity. Curcumin reduced oxidative stress, inflammation, and motor activity in hamsters with 5-FU-induced OM.

O maleato de acepromazina é um dos tranquilizantes mais utilizados em medicina veterinária, podendo causar esplenomegalia, mas não é conhecida a possibilidade de ocorrência de hepatomegalia. Objetivou-se, com o presente estudo, utilizar a radiografia quantitativa com auxilio digital para determinar o tamanho e volume do fígado de cães tranquilizados com acepromazina. Foram radiografados, na projeção lateral direita e ventrodorsal do fígado, nove cães hígidos, antes e após a administração intramuscular de maleato de acepromazina, na dose de 0,1mg kg-1 de peso. Foi possível caracterizar aumento das dimensões hepáticas (P<0,05) entre os diferentes momentos experimentais com forte correlação positiva entre as medidas corpóreas. A técnica radiográfica quantitativa empregada neste estudo caracterizou com precisão o aumento de tamanho e volume hepático nos cães tratados com acepromazina.

The acepromazine is one of the most commonly tranquilizer used in veterinary medicine and its use may cause splenomegaly. However it is not known if it can cause hepatomegaly. The aim of this study is to evaluate the quantitative radiography with digital assistance to determine the liver size and volume of dogs tranquilized with acepromazine. Nine healthy dogs were radiographed in the lateral right and ventral-dorsal liver , before and after intramuscular administration of acepromazine at a dose of 0.1kg-1. It was possible to characterize the size and increase in liver size (P<0.05) between the different experimental moments with a strong positive correlation between the measures liver assets. The quantitative radiographic technique used in this study accurately characterized the increase in size and volume of the liver in dogs treated with acepromazine.

Os objetivos do presente estudo são obter valores médios de radiodensidade do parênquima hepático de cães normais e descrever a adaptação na espécie canina de uma técnica de mensuração da densidade tomográfica já utilizada em humanos. Para a realização do estudo, foram adquiridos exames tomográficos do fígado de oito cães hígidos adultos jovens, sem distinção de sexo ou raça. Após a realização do exame, foram obtidos valores médios de radiodensidade de três regiões de interesse (ROIs) do parênquima hepático em três diferentes níveis de corte. Além disso, foi realizada a análise de uma região de interesse do parênquima esplênico em três diferentes níveis de corte para uma avaliação comparativa entre os órgãos. Observou-se, no grupo avaliado, um valor médio de atenuação HU de 59,58±3,34 unidades Hounsfield (HU). A diferença de densidade entre o parênquima hepático e o esplênico foi, em média, de 4,69±7,77HU. No presente estudo, o exame de tomografia computadorizada demonstrou ser uma técnica com alta sensibilidade para estimar a radiodensidade do parênquima hepático. O estabelecimento de valores de normalidade e a padronização de uma metodologia de avaliação permitem melhor caracterização de alterações na radiodensidade pelo exame tomográfico, auxiliando no estabelecimento de um diagnóstico e minimizando a necessidade de exames invasivos.

The objectives of the study reported here were to obtain medium values of hepatic parenchyma radiodensity in healthy dogs, and also describe the adaptation in canine specie of a tomographic density measurement technique, which has already been used in humans. For the accomplishment of this study tomographic exams were realized in eight young dogs without sex or breed definition. After the exams, the liver's degree of HU attenuation was determined through a mean value of three selected regions of interest (ROI) in hepatic parenchyma obtained in three different levels of cut. Additionally, a region of interest in the splenic parenchyma was analyzed in three different levels of cut for comparative evaluation between the organs. In the experimental group it was observed an X-ray attenuation mean value of 59.58±3.34 Hounsfield Units (HU). The density difference between hepatic and splenic parenchyma was a mean value of 4.69±7.77HU. In the present study, it was observed that computed tomography is a technique with high sensitivity to estimate hepatic parenchyma density. The establishment of reference values and the standardizing of an evaluation methodology allow a better characterization of radiodensity changes in the tomographic exams, assisting in establishing a diagnosis and minimizing the necessity of invasive testing to the patient.