ABSTRACT The objective was to evaluate the inoculation with Aspergillus terreus and/or Trichoderma longibrachiatum on fermentation, chemical and microbiological composition of elephant grass ‘Cameroon’ silage (Cenchrus purpureus). Treatments were A. terreus at 105 colony forming units (CFU)/g (AT15), T. longibrachiatum at 105 CFU/g (TL20), a mixture of both at 105 CFU/g (MIX), and a control group without inoculation (CONTR). The design was completely randomized with seven replicates. The MIX silage was most stable, while CONTR, AT15, and TL20, had lower dry matter losses. There was no effect of inoculation in the chemical composition of silages. Only MIX silage (4.40) had pH above the minimum of 4.2 for humid grass silage and above the control (4.05). Bacteria from Diplococcus genus was identified at the opening of TL20 and CONTR silages. After air exposure, the population of rods, Lactobacillus, and total lactic acid bacteria was higher in theTL20 and MIX. The inclusion of a T. longibrachiatum and A. terreus mixture increases dry mater loss and silage pH. T. longibrachiatum was more efficient in maintaining populations of total lactic acid bacteria after opening; therefore, this strain has potential as an additive for elephant grass ‘Cameroon’ silage.

RESUMO O objetivo foi testar a inoculação com Aspergillus terreus e Trichoderma longibrachiatum sobre a fermentação, a composição bromatológica e microbiológica de silagem de capim-elefante cultivar ‘Cameroon’ (Cenchrus purpureus). Os tratamentos foram A. terreus a 105 unidades formadores de colônias (UFC)/g (AT15), T. longibrachiatum a 105 UFC/g (TL20), a mistura de ambos a 105 UFC/g (MIX), cada, e um controle não inoculado (CONTR). O delineamento foi inteiramente ao acaso, com sete repetições. A silagem MIX foi mais estável após abertura, enquanto CONTR, AT15 e TL20 apresentaram menor perda de massa seca. Não houve efeito de inoculação sobre a composição bromatológica das silagens. Apenas a silagem MIX (4,40) apresentou pH acima do mínimo de 4,2 para silagem de capim úmido e superior ao controle (4,05). Bactérias do gênero Diplococcus foram identificadas na abertura das silagens TL20 e CONTR. Após exposição ao ar, a população de bastonetes, Lactobacillus e bactérias láticas totais foram maiores em TL20 e MIX. A mistura de T. longibrachiatum e A. terreus aumenta a perda de matéria seca e o pH da silagem. T. longibrachiatum é mais eficiente em manter as populações de bactérias láticas totais após a abertura. Portanto, essa cepa tem potencial como aditivo para silagem de capim-elefante ‘Cameroon’.

RESUMO Objetivo: Testar a confiabilidade entre dois instrumentos com diferentes mecanismos de análise, seja por GPS (modelo GPSPORTS®) ou por análise de vídeo (InStat For Players®), relacionando os resultados de distância total percorrida e distância em alta velocidade ≥ 20km/h (Distância de Corrida de Intensidade Muito Alta, VHIR) durante partidas oficiais de futebol. Desenho do Estudo: Este é um estudo metodológico. Dados de 35 atletas de futebol profissional do sexo masculino, de todas as posições táticas foram incluídos. Idade 29,2 (± 4,8 anos) e gordura corporal 9,9 (± 1,7%), excluindo goleiros (102 análises individuais) foram coletados em jogos oficiais. Na análise dos dados, foram utilizados procedimentos de estatística descritiva para caracterizar a amostra e o coeficiente de correlação intraclasse (ICC) foi utilizado para verificar a concordância quanto à estabilidade e consistência interna dos testes com intervalos de confiança (IC) de 95%. Resultados: O ICC no caso da variável distância total percorrida foi significativo 0,914 (0,876; 0,941) e indicou concordância muito elevada, com o coeficiente de correlação linear indicando forte correlação positiva (p <0,001). O ICC para a variável VHIR não foi significativo, embora o coeficiente de correlação linear indique uma correlação positiva forte (p <0,001). Declaração de Relevância Clínica: Este estudo revela que há boa concordância na comparação de dois sistemas projetados para analisar as demandas de movimento de cada atleta profissional de futebol em relação à distância total percorrida. Nível de evidência I; Estudo metodológico - Investigação de um teste diagnóstico.

ABSTRACT Objective: To test the reliability between two instruments with different analysis mechanisms, either by GPS (model GPSPORTS®) or by video analysis (InStat For Players®), relating the results of total distance covered and distance at high speed ≥ 20km/h (Very High-Intensity Running Distance, VHIR) during official soccer matches. Study Design: This is a methodological study. Data from 35 male professional soccer athletes from all tactical positions were included. Age 29.2 (± 4.8 years) and body fat 9.9 (± 1.7%), excluding goalkeepers (102 individual analyzes) were collected in official matches. In the data analysis, descriptive statistics procedures were used to characterize the sample and the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) was used to verify the agreement on the stability and internal consistency of the tests with 95% confidence intervals (CI). Results: The ICC in the case of the total distance traveled variable was significant 0,914 (0,876; 0,941) and indicated a very high agreement, with the linear correlation coefficient indicating a strong positive correlation (p <0.001). The ICC for the VHIR variable was not significant, although the linear correlation coefficient indicates a strong positive correlation (p <0.001). Clinical Relevance Statment: This study reveals that there is good agreement in the comparison of two systems designed to analyze the movement demands of each professional soccer athlete in relation to the total distance covered. Level of Evidence I; Methodological Study - Investigation of a diagnostic test.

RESUMEN Objetivo: Probar la confiabilidad entre dos instrumentos con diferentes mecanismos de análisis, ya sea por GPS (modelo GPSPORTS®) y por análisis de video (InStat For Players®), relacionando los resultados de distancia total recorrida y distancia a alta velocidad ≥ 20km / h (Distancia de carrera de muy alta intensidad, VHIR) durante los partidos oficiales de fútbol. Diseño del estudio: se trata de un estudio metodológico. En los partidos oficiales se recopilaron datos de 35 atletas de fútbol profesionales masculinos, de todas las posiciones tácticas. Edad 29,2 (± 4,8 años) y grasa corporal 9,9 (± 1,7%), excluidos los porteros (102 análisis individuales). En el análisis de datos, se utilizaron procedimientos de estadística descriptiva para caracterizar la muestra y se utilizó el coeficiente de correlación intraclase (CCI) para verificar la concordancia sobre la estabilidad y consistencia interna de las pruebas con intervalos de confianza (IC) del 95%. Resultados: El CCI en el caso de la variable distancia total recorrida fue significativa 0,914 (0,876; 0,941) e indicó una concordancia muy alta, con el coeficiente de correlación lineal indicando una fuerte correlación positiva (p <0,001). El CCI para la variable VHIR no fue significativo, aunque el coeficiente de correlación lineal indica una fuerte correlación positiva (p <0,001). Enunciado de relevancia clínica: Este estudio revela que existe un buen acuerdo en la comparación de dos sistemas diseñados para analizar las demandas de movimiento de cada deportista de fútbol profesional en relación con la distancia total recorrida. Nivel de evidencia I; Estudio Metodológico - Investigación de una prueba diagnóstica.

Abstract Background: Chronic hepatitis B is a major cause of cirrhosis, and the natural history of the disease has several clinical stages that should be thoroughly understood for the implementation of proper treatment. Nonetheless, curing the disease with antiviral treatment remains a challenge. Aims: To describe the clinical course, response to treatment, and poor prognostic factors in 247 hepatitis B virus chronic infection patients treated in a tertiary hospital in Brazil. Methods: This was a retrospective and observational study, by analyzing the medical records of HBV infected patients between January 2000 and January 2015. Results: Most patients were male (67.2%) and 74.1% were HBeAg negative. Approximately 41% had cirrhosis and 8.5% were hepatitis C virus coinfected. The viral load was negative after two years on lamivudine, entecavir and tenofovir in 86%, 90.6%, and 92.9% of the patients, respectively. The five-year resistance rates for lamivudine, adefovir, entecavir, and tenofovir were 57.5%, 51.8%, 1.9%, and 0%, respectively. The overall seroconversion rates were 31.2% for HBeAg and 9.4% for HBsAg. Hepatocellular carcinoma was diagnosed in 9.7% of patients, liver transplantation was performed in 9.7%, and overall mortality was 10.5%. Elevations of serum alanine aminotransferase (p = 0.0059) and viral load (p < 0.0001) were associated with progression to liver cirrhosis. High viral load was associated with progression to hepatocellular carcinoma (p < 0.0001). Significant risk factors associated with death were elevated alanine aminotransferase (p = 0.0039), liver cirrhosis (p < 0.0001), high viral load (p = 0.007), and hepatocellular carcinoma (p = 0.0008). HBeAg positive status was not associated with worse outcomes, and treatment may have been largely responsible. Conclusions: Elevations of viral load and serum alanine aminotransferase may select patients with worse prognosis, especially progression to cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma, which were strongly association with death.

Although the idea of proton Computed Tomography (pCT) is not new, it is currently not available. It is still unknown if the image quality of pCT is sufficient for localizing tumors and if the accuracy of proton range calculations surpass that of X-ray CT based range calculations without significantly increasing the patient exposure. The spatial resolution of pCT is limited mainly by multiple Coulomb scattering, while the contrast resolution is affected principally by the statistical nature of the proton energy loss mechanism. Both effects are more pronounced and thus easier to study at the low proton energies available at CV-28. An experimental setup for pCT at CV-28 was elaborated by our team. The first-generation CT scheme was assumed as the most adequate for the existing CV-28 proton "pencil" beam. All equipment, which includes the collimators for the initial and outgoing proton beam, the tomographic turntable, and the ORTEC L-035-025-5 proton detector, was assembled onto the support bar of the ORTEC vacuum chamber. A water-filled glass tube of 5 mm external diameter with a 1 mm diameter polyethylene rod on the central axis was chosen as the first sample to be studied. Later, the water will be substituted by tissue-equivalent solutions of different densities to study the contrast resolution. A Monte Carlo simulation of the experiment, assuming 25 MeV monochromatic proton beam, was made using the SRIM-2003.20 code. The simulation permitted to choose the critical parameters for the setup, such as the beam collimation, the steps of translation and rotation of the turntable, and the required statistics for an accurate measurement of proton energy.