In Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires there is a service called Servicio de Identificación de Hongos Tóxicos, directed by researchers of the Program of Medicinal Plants and Fungi Involved in Biological Degradation (PROPLAME-PRHIDEB, CONICET) that assist hospitals and other health establishments, identifying the different samples of fungi and providing information about their toxicity, so that patients can receive the correct treatment. The objective of the present study was to analyze all the cases received from 1985 to 2012. This analysis permitted the confection of a table identifying the most common toxic species. The information gathered revealed that 47% of the patients were under 18 years of age and had eaten basidiomes; the remaining 53% were adults who insisted that they were able to distinguish edible from toxic mushrooms. Chlorophyllum molybdites turned out to be the main cause of fungal intoxication in Buenos Aires, which is commonly confused with Macrolepiota procera, an edible mushroom. In the second place Amanita phalloides was registered, an agaric known to cause severe symptoms after a long period of latency (6-10 hours), and which can lead to hepatic failure even requiring a transplant to prevent severe internal injuries or even death, is not early and correctly treated.

En la Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales de la Universidad de Buenos Aires (FCEN-UBA) funciona el Servicio de Identificación de Hongos Tóxicos. Lo integran los investigadores del Programa de Plantas Medicinales y Programa de Hongos que Intervienen en la Degradación Biológica (PROPLAME-PRHIDEB, CONICET) y colabora con servicios médicos, estatales y privados, identificando los materiales remitidos en casos de intoxicaciones con hongos, permitiendo, en muchos casos, realizar el tratamiento adecuado. El presente trabajo da a conocer los casos atendidos por el servicio desde 1985 hasta 2012 inclusive, además de una tabla para reconocer las especies tóxicas más comunes de la región. Según esta información, el 47% de las consultas que se recibieron correspondieron a pacientes menores de 18 años de edad que ingirieron materiales fúngicos de forma accidental (o al menos se sospechaba que lo hubieran hecho). El 53% restante correspondió a adultos que afirmaron ser capaces de distinguir hongos comestibles de tóxicos. Se determinó que Chlorophyllum molybdites fue la principal especie causante de intoxicaciones, la cual es comúnmente confundida con el hongo comestible Macrolepiota procera. En segundo lugar Amanita phalloides, un hongo altamente tóxico, que se caracteriza por presentar inicio de síntomas en forma tardía (latencia de 6-10 horas), evolucionando a falla hepática con el consiguiente requerimiento de trasplante o la muerte, si no se realiza el tratamiento adecuado en forma oportuna.

Trinta e seis isolados de fungos obtidos de lesões de antracnose em cajueiros e outras plantas consorciadas no Brasil, foram comparados quanto a seus aspectos culturais, morfológicos e seqüências parciais do rDNA 28S. Os isolados apresentaram elevado grau de variabilidade cultural, com taxa de crescimento médio, em todos os meios testados, entre 10,2 e 13,3 mm/dia. A maioria deles produziu peritécios (estéreis e férteis), e alguns produziram setas (estéreis e férteis) nos diferentes meios. Todos apresentaram acérvulos com predominância de conídios cilíndricos (12,4-17,7 µm X 4,8-6,0 µm), de extremidades arredondadas, formando septos durante a germinação e produzindo apressórios ligeiramente lobados ou lisos. Comparando as seqüências do domínio D2 da larga subunidade (LSU) do rDNA dos isolados com aquelas já identificadas de espécies de Colletotrichum/ Glomerella, verificou-se que 35 deles correspondem a C. gloeosporioides (> 98,9% de homologia), e um deles, o isolado 921, é idêntico a G. cingulata (LARS 238) de V. unguiculata.

Thirty six isolates of fungi obtained from anthracnose lesions of cashew and associated host plants in Brazil, were compared by their cultural, morphological and partial sequences of the 28S ribosomal DNA characters. They showed a high degree of cultural variability. The average mycelial growth rate on all tested media ranged from 10.2-13.3 mm/day between the isolates. Most of them produced perithecia (sterile and fertile) and some produced setae (sterile and fertile). All the isolates produced acervuli with predominantly cylindrical conidia (12.4-17.7 µmX 4.8-6.0 µm in width) with round ends, which became septate on germination, and produced unlobed or slightlylobed appressoria. Comparison of the D2 domain of the large subunit (LSU) rDNA sequences with those of other defined species of Colletotrichum and Glomerella grouped 35 of the isolates with known strains of C. gloeosporioides from different hosts (> 98.9% homology). The one exception (LARS 921) was identical to G. cingulata (LARS 238) from Vigna unguiculata.

Coquenia bondi gen. nov. et sp. nov., the first leontiniid of the Lumbrera Formation, is described. It was found at a new fossiliferous site called El Simbolar, situated north of Pampa Grande, Salta province, Argentina. It is represented by the skull and jaw with teeth. The teeth are brachyodont. The dental formula is 3/3; 1/1; 4/4; 3/3. Caniniform incisors, with lingual and labial cingulum. This feature associated with an I2 more developed than I1 and I3 indicates that this new taxon is a leontiniid. The crown of the upper canine is rotated, and has a lingual and labial cingulum. Upper premolars have an anterolingual cingulum which determines a small basin situated just in front of the protocone. Premolars increase greatly in size from the P1 to P4, being the P1 highly reduced. Upper molars show a lingual cingulum. All the molars have a posterior fossa. The M3 is wider towards to the base on its lingual side. Although Lumbrera Formation was considered Casamayoran in age, the taxon described in this paper, and other unpublished notoungulate remains found in the same stratigraphic level, suggests that the red beds overlaying the "Faja Verde II" would be substantially younger and could be interpreted as Mustersan or even grounger in age. These layers could be correlated with those of Casa Grande Formation in Jujuy province (Argentina).

Se da a conocer Coquenia bondi gen. nov. et sp. nov., el primer leontínido reconocido para la Formación Lumbrera, procedente de una nueva localidad situada al Norte de Pampa Grande, provincia de Salta. El material incluye cráneo y mandíbula con dientes. Los dientes son braquiodontes. Su fórmula dentaria es 3/3; 1/1; 4/4; 3/3. Tiene incisivos de aspecto caniniforme, con cingulum labial y lingual, un I2 más desarrollado que el I1 y el I3, características que permiten referir este taxón a la Familia Leontiniidae. El canino superior muestra la corona rotada y presenta cingulum labial y lingual. Los premolares tienen un cingulum anterolingual que determina una pequeña cuenca situada inmediatamente por delante del protocono. Los premolares aumentan progresivamente de tamaño del P1 al P4, siendo el P1 muy reducido. Los molares superiores muestran cingulum lingual. Todos los molares tienen foseta posterior. El M3 tiende a ensancharse hacia la base en su cara lingual. Si bien la Formación Lumbrera fue asignada a la Edad Mamífero Casamayorense, el taxón aquí presentado, junto a otros restos de Notoungulata aún inéditos del mismo nivel, sugieren que las capas rojas que suprayacen a la "Faja Verde II" serían sustancialmente más jóvenes y podrían referirse aún a una Edad mamífero Mustersense o a una edad más temprana. Los niveles portadores podrían ser correlacionables con la Formación Casa Grande de la provincia de Jujuy (Argentina).