Abstract Vaping is considered to be the inhalation of aerosols generated by heating liquids. There are devices freely marketed for vaping, with electronic cigarettes being the most common. These products are associated with the appearance of lung injury, either vaping-induced lung injury (VAPI), or lung injury associated with vaping and electronic cigarettes (EVALI). We presented the case of a 54-year-old woman with a history of vaping in the last 9 months. She consulted for acute dyspnea (class IV) associated with nausea and vomiting of 18 hours of evolution. Upon admission, she presented respiratory failure. Orotracheal intubation was performed with mechanical ventilatory assistance. A chest tomography revealed bi lateral diffuse alveolar infiltrates. The clinical picture was interpreted as VAPI/EVALI. The exact pathophysiology of vaping-induced lung injury is still unknown; dyspnea and cough are the most frequent symptoms. All patients have pathological radiological images. Respiratory support and systemic corticosteroids are the treatment of choice.

Resumen Se considera vapeo a la inhalación de aerosoles generados por el calentamiento de líquidos. Existen dispositivos que se comercializan libremente para realizar vapeo, siendo los cigarrillos electrónicos los más frecuentes. Estos productos están asociados a la aparición de injuria pulmonar, ya sea injuria pulmonar inducida por vapeo (VAPI), o injuria pulmonar asociada a vapeo y cigarrillos electrónicos (EVALI). Se presenta el caso de una mujer de 54 años con antecedentes de vapeo en los últimos 9 meses. Consultó por disnea clase funcional IV asociada a náuseas y vómitos de 18 h de evolución. Al ingreso presentó insuficiencia respiratoria. Se realizó intubación orotraqueal con asistencia ventilatoria mecánica; la tomografía de tórax evidenció infiltrados alveolares difusos bilaterales. Se interpretó el cuadro clínico como VAPI/EVALI. Aún se desconoce la fisiopato genia exacta de la injuria pulmonar inducida por vapeo; la disnea y tos son los síntomas más frecuentes. Todos los pacientes tienen imágenes radiológicas patológicas. El soporte respiratorio y los corticoides sistémicos son el tratamiento de elección.

RESUMO Objetivo: avaliar a segurança, a eficácia, as complicações e a qualidade de vida da alta precoce e acompanhamento ambulatorial de pacientes com derrames pleurais benignos submetidos à drenagem pleural com dreno de Wayne (DW). Método: estudo prospectivo, em que foram avaliados 47 pacientes entre julho de 2017 e outubro de 2018. Foram incluídos os pacientes com derrames pleurais não malignos, submetidos a drenagem pleural com evolução clínica compatível com o cuidado ambulatorial. Foram excluídos os pacientes submetidos a drenagem por outras afecções. Resultados: após a drenagem, a média do tempo de internação dos pacientes foi de 3,14 (±3,85) dias, sendo que 21 pacientes (44,68%) tiveram alta em até 24 horas após a drenagem. O tempo médio de permanência com o dreno foi de 12,63 (±7,37) dias. A análise do líquido pleural mostrou tratar-se de transudato em 87,3% dos casos e de exsudato em 12,3%. Dentre as causas do derrame pleural, destacaram-se insuficiência cardíaca (72,3%), insuficiência renal (19,1%), hepatopatias (6,3%) e pneumonias (8,5%). A qualidade de vida, analisada segundo os parâmetros do questionário SF 36, teve valores médios baixos, principalmente em relação a outros estudos. Na análise de cada descritor, a média apresentou-se maior somente na limitação por aspectos físicos. Nos demais descritores, os resultados foram semelhantes, mas menores. Conclusão: o uso ambulatorial de cateteres pleurais do tipo Wayne (pigtail) mostrou-se factível, seguro e com baixa taxa de infecções associadas. Trata-se de opção viável para pacientes selecionados.

ABSTRACT Objective: to assess safety, efficacy and quality of life in patients with benign pleural effusions undergong pleural drainage with Wayne pleural catheter (DW) in an outpatient setting. Method: this is a prospective study, in which 47 patients were evaluated between July 2017 and October 2018. Patients with non-malignant pleural effusions underwent pleural drainage with clinical evolution compatible with outpatient care were included. Patients who underwent drainage due to other conditions and patients were excluded. Results: after catheter placement, the mean length of hospital stay was 3.14 (± 3.85) days, and 21 patients (44.68%) were discharged within 24 hours. The mean time with the catheter was 12.63 (± 7.37) days. The analysis of the pleural fluid was transudate in 87.3% of cases and exudate in 12.3%. The causes of pleural effusion were heart failure (72.3%), renal failure (19.1%), liver failure (6.3%) and pneumonia (8.5%). The quality of life, analyzed according to the parameters of the questionnaire SF 36, showed low average values when compared to other studies. Analyzing each descriptor, the average was greater only in the limitation related to physical aspects. In the other descriptors, the results were similar, but smaller. Conclusion: the outpatient use of pleural catheters of the Wayne type (pigtail) proved to be feasible, safe and with a low associated infection rate. This is a viable option for selected patients.

ABSTRACT Background: the Study Plan E of the Medicine career promotes changes in the evaluation by incorporating the use of the portfolio. Objective: to assess the use of the evaluation guide for the activity of in-service training in the portfolio, from the perspective of students and teachers. Methods: an educational research with a qualitative approach was carried out at Villa Clara Medical Sciences University, from 2019 to 2020, at the end of the Introduction to Comprehensive General Medicine subject. Theoretical methods were used for the foundation of the research, and empirical ones that contributed to obtaining the necessary information. Results: for the students it turned out to be a novel form of evaluation that requires time and laboriousness. They did not recognize its tribute to the teaching of the curricular strategies declared in the subject program. The teachers valued the use of the evaluation guide as useful, although they did not stimulate peer evaluation and missed the opportunities to implement the curricular strategies; they recognized the need for methodological preparation. Conclusions: the evaluation guide is a pertinent instrument that favors the personalized, participatory and integrating approach of the evaluation, but it requires training aimed at the student-teacher binomial.

RESUMEN Fundamento: el Plan de Estudios E de la carrera de Medicina promueve cambios en la evaluación al incorporar el empleo del portafolio. Objetivo: valorar el empleo de la guía de evaluación para la actividad de educación en el trabajo en el portafolio, desde la perspectiva de los estudiantes y los profesores. Métodos: se realizó una investigación educacional con enfoque cualitativo en la Universidad Ciencias Médicas Villa Clara, durante el periodo 2019-2020, al terminar la impartición de la asignatura Introducción a la Medicina General Integral. Se utilizaron métodos teóricos para la fundamentación de la investigación, y empíricos que contribuyeron a la obtención de la información necesaria. Resultados: para los estudiantes resultó ser una forma novedosa de evaluación que requiere tiempo y laboriosidad. No reconocieron su tributo a la enseñanza de las estrategias curriculares declaradas en el programa de la asignatura. Los profesores valoraron de útil el empleo de la guía de evaluación, aunque no estimularon la evaluación entre iguales y desaprovecharon las oportunidades para implementar las estrategias curriculares; todos reconocieron la necesidad de preparación metodológica. Conclusiones: la guía de evaluación es un instrumento pertinente que favorece el enfoque personalizado, participativo e integrador de la evaluación, pero requiere capacitación dirigida al binomio alumno-profesor.

Abstract Aim: The objective of this study is to 1. Investigate in women with cardiac risk factors the acute responses of cardiac autonomic modulation and hemodynamic parameters during and after a dance-based cardiac rehabilitation session and II. Compare these responses with a conventional exercise-based cardiac rehabilitation session. Methods: This will be a crossover-clinical trial that will enroll women with at least one cardiac risk factor. The interventions consist of one dance-based (DB) and one traditional exercise-based (EB) session of cardiac rehabilitation, both composed of initial rest, warm-up, moderate-intensity physical exercise, fast recovery evaluation in orthostatic position, and slow recovery evaluation. The main outcomes are 1. Autonomic modulation, evaluated through heart rate variability linear and non-linear methods, and II. Hemodynamic parameters (heart rate, blood pressure, peripheral oxygen saturation, and respiratory rate). All measures will be evaluated in specific moments during the initial rest, physical exercise, and recovery. Conclusion: The results will allow the safe inclusion of dance-based sessions in cardiac rehabilitation programs opening an important field of research to investigate the long-term effects on physical fitness and cardiac risk factors, as well as adherence and motivation to attend cardiac rehabilitation in the women population.

ABSTRACT Introduction: Chagas disease is a neglected tropical disease of interest to public health because of its social and economic burden. Identifying infected and sick people with Chagas disease constitutes the first step towards achieving World Health Ooganization’s goals for 2020. Objective: To evaluate the reproducibility with gold standard of a rapid diagnostic test for detection of antibodies to T. cruzi; and to propose a diagnostic algorithm for Chagas disease under the point-of-care concept in an area with limited access to health care coverage. Material and Methods: A cross-sectional study was performed to detect antibodies to T. cruzi in 151 indigenous volunteers belonging to three ethnic groups of the Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta, Colombia. Rapid tests-PDR SD BIOLINE Chagas Ab were implemented in the field versus confirmation in the laboratory using two standardized serological methods (ELISAs). Results: The results show that 19,2 % seroreactivity for T. cruzi was found among the entire population screening. The highest rate of human infection with T. cruzi was detected in the Wiwa community. No significant differences between rapid diagnostic test and the standard techniques (ELISAs) were found. Sensitivity, specificity and concordance for RDT were 100 % (Kappa: 1,0). Conclusions: The Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta continues to be a hyperendemic area for Chagas disease. The area is difficult to access and has low or no primary health care coverage, making the assessed rapid diagnostic test a useful tool for screening programs and defining treatment and control plans, which represents the first approach at establishing a point-of-care testing strategy for endemic countries for Chagas disease.

RESUMEN Introducción: La enfermedad de Chagas es una enfermedad desatendida de interés en salud pública por su carga social y económica. Identificar personas infectadas y enfermas con el mal de Chagas constituye el primer paso para alcanzar los objetivos de la Organización Mundial de la Salud para el 2020. Objetivo: Evaluar la reproducibilidad de una prueba de diagnóstico rápida para la detección de anticuerpos contra T. cruzi; y proponer un algoritmo de diagnóstico para enfermedad de Chagas bajo el concepto de uso de tecnologías en el lugar de atención en áreas de acceso limitados a los servicios de salud. Materiales y métodos: Se realizó un estudio de corte transversal para la detección de anticuerpos para T. cruzi a 151 indígenas voluntarios pertenecientes a tres grupos étnicos de la Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta, Colombia. Se implementó pruebas rápidas-PDR SD BIOLINE Chagas Ab en campo versus la confirmación en el laboratorio mediante dos métodos serológicos estandarizados (ELISAs). Resultados: Se encontró el 19,2 % de seroreactividad para T. cruzi entre toda la población estudiada. La tasa más alta de infección humana por T. cruzi se detectó en la comunidad Wiwa. No hubo diferencias significativas entre la prueba de diagnóstico rápida y las técnicas estandarizadas (ELISAS). La sensibilidad, especificidad y concordancia para la PDR fue del 100 % (Kappa: 1,0). Conclusiones: La Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta continúa siendo un área hiperendémica para la enfermedad de Chagas. Dado que es un área de difícil acceso, con baja o nula cobertura en atención primaria en salud, la prueba de diagnóstico rápida evaluada se convierte en una herramienta útil como prueba de elección para programas de tamización y definir planes de acción de tratamiento y control, y representa el primer acercamiento de uso de tecnologías en el sitio de atención para el diagnóstico rápido en países endémicos para la enfermedad.

Abstrato Introdução: Os traços de personalidade são padrões persistentes de comportamento na maneira de pensar, perceber e se relacionar; portanto, servem como fatores condicionantes que podem tornar o indivíduo vulnerável a adquirir comportamentos saudáveis ou prejudiciais à saúde, como o uso de drogas lícitas e ilícito. Objetivo: Determinar a relação entre traços de personalidade e consumo de álcool em estudantes universitários de Ciudad del Carmen Campeche, México. Metodologia: Estudo quantitativo, não experimental, correlacional, descritivo, transversal, realizado em uma amostra de 238 universitários da área da saúde. Resultados: A prevalência decorrida de consumo de álcool foi apresentada em uma proporção maior (85,3%), em comparação à prevalência atual (39,9%) e instantânea (20,6%). Quanto ao tipo de consumo de álcool, existe um consumo dependente (19,9%) em estudantes universitários, apesar da prevalência de consumo arriscado (60,2%). Segundo o AUDIT, foi encontrada uma relação positiva com o traço de personalidade extroversiva (rs = 0,165, p = 0,02). Conclusões: Identificou-se o perfil do consumo de álcool em jovens, bem como uma relação do traço de personalidade extroversão com o consumo de álcool, o que evidencia a necessidade de desenho e implementação de intervenções de enfermagem eficazes e oportunas que contribuam significativamente à redução e erradicação de hábitos nocivos à saúde e à promoção de estilos de vida saudáveis.

Abstract Introduction: Personality traits are persistent behavior patterns regarding the way of thinking, perceiving and relating, so they serve as restraining factors that can make the individual prone to acquire behaviors that may be healthy or harmful to health, such as the use of licit and illicit drugs. Objective: To determine the relationship between personality traits and alcohol consumption in university students from Ciudad del Carmen Campeche, Mexico. Methodology: Quantitative, non-experimental, descriptive correlational, cross sectional study, carried out on a sample of 238 university students in the health area. Results: The lapsed prevalence of alcohol consumption was presented in a higher proportion (85.3%), compared to the current prevalence (39.9%) and immediate (20.6%). Regarding the type of alcohol consumption, there is a dependent consumption (19.9%) in university students, despite the prevalence of risky consumption (60.2%). According to AUDIT, a positive relationship was found with the extraversion personality trait (rs = .165, p = .02). Conclusions: The profile of alcohol consumption in young people was identified, as well as a relationship of the extraversion personality trait with alcohol consumption, which highlights the need for the design and implementation of efficient and timely nursing interventions that could significantly contribute to the reduction and eradication of harmful habits for health and the promotion of healthy lifestyles.

Resumen Introducción: Los rasgos de personalidad son patrones de conducta persistentes en la forma de pensar, percibir y relacionarse, por lo que fungen como condicionantes que pueden hacer vulnerable al individuo para adquirir conductas saludables o nocivas para la salud, como el consumo de drogas lícitas e ilícitas. Objetivo: Determinar la relación entre los rasgos de personalidad y el consumo de alcohol en estudiantes universitarios de Ciudad del Carmen Campeche, México. Metodología: Estudio cuantitativo, no experimental, descriptivo correlacional, transversal, efectuado en una muestra de 238 estudiantes universitarios del área de la salud. Resultados: La prevalencia lápsica del consumo de alcohol, se presentó en mayor proporción (85.3%), en comparación a la prevalencia actual (39.9%) e instantánea (20.6%). En cuanto al tipo de consumo de alcohol, existe un consumo dependiente (19.9%) en estudiantes universitarios, a pesar de predominar un consumo de riesgo (60.2%). De acuerdo con el AUDIT, se encontró una relación positiva con el rasgo de personalidad de extraversión (rs=.165, p=.02). Conclusiones: Se identificó el perfil del consumo de alcohol de los jóvenes, así como una relación del rasgo de personalidad extraversión con el consumo de alcohol, lo cual pone en evidencia la necesidad del diseño e implementación de intervenciones de Enfermería eficientes y oportunas que contribuyan de manera significativa a la disminución y erradicación de hábitos nocivos para la salud y el fomento de estilos de vida saludables.

RESUMEN El trasplante de hígado es el principal tratamiento para la enfermedad hepática en etapa terminal. El cuidado postoperatorio es un gran desafío para disminuir la morbimortalidad en los pacientes. En este sentido, el manejo en la UCI hepática permite manejo hemodinámico, monitoreo de coagulación, soporte renal, alteraciones electrolíticas, soporte respiratorio y destete temprano de ventilación mecánica y evaluación del injerto hepático. Objetivo: El presente estudio muestra los resultados del manejo de pacientes trasplantados de hígado en 20 años de experiencia en un centro de trasplante en un país de ingresos bajos a medios. Materiales y métodos: Se revisaron las historias clínicas de 273 pacientes adultos en UCI en el posoperatorio inmediato de trasplante hepático, desde el 20 de marzo de 2000 hasta el 30 de noviembre de 2020, incluyendo el efecto de la pandemia provocada por el COVID-19. Se excluyeron los pacientes con trasplante de hígado-riñón, retrasplantados, SPLIT y dominó. Resultados: La etiología más frecuente para LTx fue NASH (35%), la edad promedio fue de 49 años, MELD Score varió 15 - 20 (47,5%), 21 - 30 (46%) > 30 (6,2%). Estancia pretrasplante en UCI 7%, estancia media en UCI: 7,8 días. Admisión media APACHE: 14,9 puntos. Extubación weaning del 91,8% de los pacientes en UCI y Fast Track en el 8,2%. La complicación respiratoria más frecuente fue atelectasia 56,3%, neumonía (31,3%); FRA 1 (60,9%) y 11,1% con soporte de hemodiálisis (FRA 3). Inmunosupresión: Tacrolimus (8,9%). La mortalidad postoperatoria en la UCI fue del 6,2%. Conclusiones: El manejo del trasplante hepático en UCI es fundamental para lograr resultados óptimos en pacientes que presentan enfermedad hepática avanzada y requieren soporte vital avanzado en el postoperatorio inmediato y así optimizar la supervivencia del injerto.

ABSTRACT Liver transplantation is the major treatment for end-stage liver disease. Postoperative care is a great challenge to reduce morbidity and mortality in patients. In this sense, management in the liver ICU allows hemodynamic management, coagulation monitoring, renal support, electrolyte disturbances, respiratory support and early weaning from mechanical ventilation and evaluation of the liver graft. Objective: The present study shows the results of the management of liver transplant patients in 20 years of experience in a transplant center in a low- to middle-income country. Materials and methods: The medical records of 273 adult patients in the ICU in the immediate postoperative liver transplant were reviewed, from March 20, 2000 to November 30, 2020, including the effect of the pandemic caused by COVID-19. Liver-kidney, retransplanted, SPLIT, and domino transplant patients were excluded. Results: The most frequent etiology for LTx was NASH (35%), the mean age was 49 years, MELD Score ranged 15 - 20 (47.5%), 21 - 30 (46%) > 30 (6.2%). ICU pre transplant stay 7%, average ICU stay: 7.8 days. APACHE average admission: 14.9 points. Weaning extubation of 91.8% patients in ICU and Fast Track in 8.2%. The most frequent respiratory complication was atelectasis 56.3%, pneumonia (31.3%); AKI 1 (60.9%), and 11.1% with hemodyalisis support (AKI3). Immunosuppression: Tacrolimus (8.9%). Post-operative ICU mortality was 6.2%. Conclusions: The management of liver transplantation in the ICU is essential to achieve optimal results in patients who present advanced liver disease and require advanced life support in the immediate postoperative period and thus optimize graft survival.

ABSTRACT Aims: Assess the incidence of COVID-19 during the first wave of the pandemic in 40 hemodialysis units in Spain. Material and methods: We analyzed 396 Rt-PCR performed March 14th to April 28th, 2020 in a cohort of 2398 hemodialysis (HD) patients corresponding to 19 hospital units and 21 satellite centers. Results: We performed Rt-PCR in 14% of the patients, with a marked variability depending on the location. The overall COVID-19 incidence was 3.2% (range 0-15.9%). It was significantly higher in the hospital units (4.5%) than in the satellite units (1.9%) (p=0.0003). There was a positive and significant correlation between the COVID-19 incidence in the units and their proximity to Madrid (R2=0.6235, p=0.0013), which was the main epidemic focus. Conclusion: Our study showed a low incidence of COVID-19 in HD, higher in hospital units and closer to Madrid.

Abstract The research consisted in determining the selection objectives for raising alpacas under two economic scenarios at the San Pedro de Racco Community Cooperative. The study was carried out in three stages: The first one described the alpaca’s breeding system, in the second one the elaboration of the profit equation was done, and in the third one the relative economic values by partial derivation were calculated and the selection objectives were determined. Economic scenarios 1 and 2 were defined by the payment method of the fiber. The relative economic values of fleece weight (FW) and fleece weight at the first shearing (FW1) were S/10.6 and S/5.85, respectively, values which were equal for both economic scenarios. The fiber diameter (FD) obtained values of -S/2.12 in economic scenario 2. The selection objective by economic scenarios was defined by FW, FW1, and live weight at first shearing (LW1S) for scenario 1; and by FW, FW1, and FD for scenario 2. It was concluded that the payment by categorized fiber favored the relative economic value of the fiber diameter and fiber diameter at the first shearing, contributing to the thinning of the fleeces; while the fleece weight was the character of greatest relative economic value in the selection objectives of economic scenarios 1 and 2.

Resumen El presente trabajo de investigación consistió en determinar los objetivos de selección para la crianza de alpacas bajo dos escenarios económicos en la Cooperativa Comunal San Pedro de Racco. El estudio se realizó en tres etapas: En la primera se describió la crianza de alpacas, en la segunda se elaboró la ecuación de ganancias, y en la tercera se realizó el cálculo de los valores relativos económicos por derivación parcial y se definieron los objetivos de selección. Los escenarios económicos 1 y 2 fueron definidos por la forma de pago de la fibra. Los valores relativos económicos del peso de vellón (PVL) y peso de vellón a la primera esquila (PVL1) fueron S/10.6 y S/5.85, respectivamente, valores que fueron iguales en ambos escenarios económicos. En el escenario económico 2, el diámetro de fibra (DF) obtuvo un valor de -S/2.12. El objetivo de selección por escenarios económicos fue definido por PVL, PVL1 y peso vivo a la primera esquila (P1E) para el escenario 1; y por PVL, PVL1 y DF para el escenario 2. Se concluyó que el pago por fibra categorizada favoreció el valor relativo económico del diámetro de fibra y diámetro de fibra a la primera esquila, contribuyendo al afinamiento de los vellones; mientras que el peso de vellón fue el carácter de mayor valor relativo económico en los objetivos de selección de los escenarios económicos 1 y 2.

Abstract Conyza species are important weeds in global agriculture, especially due to their capacity to evolve resistance to multiple herbicide mechanisms of action. We aimed to evaluate the frequency and distribution of resistance to glyphosate and chlorimuron-ethyl in Conyza spp. populations from Brazil. Seed samples were collected from grain production areas across nine Brazilian states over five consecutive years (2014 to 2018). Prior to resistance monitoring trials, dose-response assays were conducted to determine a single dose of glyphosate or chlorimuron-ethyl to discriminate resistant and susceptible populations. Resistance monitoring based on plant responses to the application of discriminatory doses of glyphosate (960 g ha-1) or chlorimuron-ethyl (20 g ha-1). Populations were classified as resistant, moderately resistant, or susceptible to either herbicide. While glyphosate resistance was highly frequent (71.2%) in all the five years, chlorimuron-ethyl resistant populations occurred at 39.8% of the total. The frequency of multiple resistance to both herbicides (35.3%) was proportional to the occurrence of chlorimuron-ethyl resistance (39.6%). Resistance to glyphosate and to chlorimuron-ethyl were found across all states evaluated.

RESUMO Neste trabalho obteve-se corpos de prova provenientes de painéis aglomerados confeccionados a partir de resíduos de madeira serrada de eucalipto. Caracterizou-se o módulo de elasticidade a partir da frequência flexional e longitudinal e módulo de cisalhamento por meio de ensaios não destrutivo e destrutivo. Foram avaliadas a resistência biológica dos painéis a partir da reação aos fungos Neolentinus lepideus e Brunneoporus malicola (≈ Gloeopyllum trabeum) e com térmitas Cryptotermes brevis e Nasutitermes sp. Nestes ensaios determinou-se a perda de massa após o período de ataque. Observou-se relação entre o método de vibração flexional do corpo de prova retangular com o módulo de elasticidade estático, possibilitando o uso desse método. Os painéis com menor teor de tanino (2%) no adesivo apresentaram desempenhos mecânicos inferiores. As técnicas utilizadas mostraram ser possível a estimação das propriedades em painéis aglomerados. Os painéis apresentaram-se mais resistentes para o fungo B. malicola com as menores perdas de massa (média geral de 15,73%) em relação ao N. lepideus (45,73%). Os painéis confeccionados com 100 % de tanino-formaldeído promoveram maior perda de massa quando em contato com a térmita Cryptotermes brevis (12,54%) e para ambos os fungos B. malicola (21,2%) e N. lepideus (53,8%). Para as térmitas Nasutitermes sp. os painéis com 100% de tanino foram menos degradados.

ABSTRACT In this work specimens from particleboards were obtained made from wood eucalyptus waste. The modulus of elasticity was characterized from the flexural and longitudinal frequency and shear modulus through non-destructive and destructive tests. The biological resistance of the panels was evaluated from the reaction to the fungi Neolentinus lepideus and Brunneoporus malicola (≈ Gloeopyllum trabeum) and with termite Cryptotermes brevis and Nasutitermes sp. In these tests, the loss of mass was determined after the attack period. A relationship was observed between the flexural vibration method of the rectangular samples and static modulus of elasticity, enabling the use of this method. The particleboards with lower tannin content (2%) in the adhesive showed lower mechanical results. The techniques used showed that it is possible to estimate the properties in particleboards. Particleboards presented more resistant to fungi B. malicola with the lowest mass loss (general average of 15.73%). In relation to N. lepideus (45.73%). The panels made with 100% tannin-formaldehyde adhesive promoted greater loss of mass when in contact with the termite C. brevis termites (12.54%) and for both fungi B. malicola (21.2%) and N. lepideus (53, 8%). For termites Nasutitermes sp. the panels with 100% tannin were less degraded.

The first case of coronavirus (COVID-19) infection in Argentina was reported in Buenos Aires on March 3rd, 2020, in a patient who arrived from Milan. The aim of this study is to describe the clinical characteristics and course of illness of patients infected with Covid-19 that were hospitalized in a private clinical setting during March 2020. Sixty three patients suspected of COVID-19 infection, were admitted to our hospital during March 2020. Twenty six of these subjects were diagnosed positive by the RT-PCR for SARS Cov-2 in a nasopharyngeal swab specimen. We recorded data about epidemiological characteristics, clinical signs and symptoms, in addition to comorbidities, laboratory and radiological studies were done. The median age was 40 years (SD±15 years); there was an equal number of men and women; all the patients but one were coming from abroad; the most common symptom was fever (24/26 cases) and lymphopenia (n = 8). We found that there were patients in whom fever disappeared within the first 72h (n = 17) and another group in which the fever lasted six or more days (n = 7). One patient out of 26 died. The population of our study was young and almost all were imported cases, in alinement with the stage of the epidemic at the time when the study was conducted. We observed that there were two patterns in the fever curve but the persistence of it did not lead to a worse prognosis. Larger population studies are required in order to confirm these clinical findings.

El primer caso de infección por coronavirus (COVID-19) en Argentina se informó en Buenos Aires el 3 de marzo de 2020, en un paciente proveniente de Milán. El objetivo de este trabajo es describir las características clínicas y curso de la enfermedad de una serie de pacientes infectados con COVID-19 en un sanatorio privado durante el mes de marzo del 2020. Durante marzo 2020 se internaron 63 pacientes sospechosos de infección por COVID-19. Fueron diagnosticados 26 positivos para COVID-19 por hisopado nasofaríngeo, con el método RT-PCR para SARS Cov2. Se recopilaron datos sobre las características epidemiológicas, signos y síntomas, así como comorbilidades, laboratorio e imágenes. La edad promedio fue 40 años (SD ± 15 años); hubo un igual número de varones; solo 1 caso no venía del exter ior. El síntoma más frecuente fue la fiebre (24/26 casos) y la linfopenia (8/26). En un grupo (n = 17) la fiebre se limitó dentro de las primeras 72 h y en otro, la fiebre duró 6 o más días (7 casos). Hubo un fallecido entre los 26 casos. La población de nuestro estudio era joven y la mayoría de los casos fueron importados, en concordancia con el estadio de la epidemia en el momento en que el estudio fue realizado. Observamos que hubo 2 patrones en la curva térmica pero la persistencia de la fiebre no implicó un peor pronóstico. Se necesitan estudios poblacionales más grandes para confirmar estos hallazgos clínicos.

ABSTRACT Introduction: To analyze the relationship of the Body Mass Index (BMI) with heart failure in a Health Area. Material and Methods: Observational descriptive study of the 161 patients who had been diagnosed in the Health Area between January 2014 and December 2016. Demographic, clinical, and analytical data have been analyzed. The BMI is calculated from the weight and height on the first visit to the consultation, using the formula: weight (in kilograms) / square of height (in meters). Once obtained, the relationship between BMI and evolution in 2 years was evaluated. Four subgroups of patients are studied, based on their BMI, based on the criteria defined by the World Health Organization (WHO) in 1999: low weight (BMI<20.5), normal weight (BMI 20.5 to <25.5), overweight (BMI 25.5 to <30) and obesity (BMI≥30). Results: Of the participants, 81 were obese (50.8%), being 33 men and 48 women. The average age of the obese is 80.32 (9.23) years. The main causes of heart failure in 62.2% had diagnosed some type of heart disease, being: 29.2% ischemic heart disease, 46.6% cardiac arrhythmias and 20.5% valvulopathies. BMI as a continuous variable was significantly associated with mortality (p<0.001), age (0.002), ischemic disease (0.001), gender (0.004), hypertension (0.002), diabetes (0.003) and dyslipidemia (0.004). The relation of BMI with the use of Digoxin, Asa Diuretics and Spironolactone treatments has also been seen with higher BMI plus utilization. BMI is also associated with the number of admissions, greater number of concomitant chronic diseases and mortality. Obese patients scored higher on the MLWHFQ quality of life questionnaire, which corresponds to a poorer quality of life. Conclusions: BMI has been shown to be associated with mortality, ischemic disease, sex, hypertension, diabetes and dyslipidemia in patients with heart failure.

RESUMEN Introducción: Analizar las diferentes variables del Índice de Masa Corporal (IMC) en relación con la evolución de la Insuficiencia cardíaca en una Zona de Salud. Material y Métodos: Estudio descriptivo observacional y analítico de los 161 pacientes diagnosticados en la Zona de Salud entre enero de 2014 y diciembre de 2016. Se analizaron datos demográficos, clínicos, y analíticos. Se calculó el IMC a partir del peso y la talla en la primera visita a la consulta, mediante la fórmula: peso (kg) / cuadrado de la talla (m). Una vez obtenido se evaluó la relación entre el IMC y la evolución en 2 años. Se estudió a 4 subgrupos de pacientes, en función de su IMC, a partir de los criterios definidos por la Organización Mundial de la Salud (OMS) en 1999: bajo peso (IMC<20,5), peso normal (IMC de 20,5 a <25,5), sobrepeso (IMC de 25,5 a <30) y obesidad (IMC≥30). Resultados: 81 participantes eran obesos (50,8%), 33 hombres y 48 mujeres. La edad media de los obesos fue de 80,32 (9,23) años. Un 62,2% tenía diagnosticado algún tipo de cardiopatía, siendo: 29,2% cardiopatía isquémica; 46,6% arritmias cardiacas y 20,5% valvulopatías. El IMC, como variable continua, se asoció de forma significativa con la mortalidad (p<0,001), la edad (0,002), la enfermedad isquémica (0,001), sexo (0,004), hipertensión (0,002), diabetes (0,003) y dislipemia (0,004). También se vio relación directamente proporcional del IMC con el uso de tratamientos con digoxina, diuréticos de asa y espironolactona. EL IMC también se asoció con el número de ingresos, mayor número de enfermedades crónicas concomitantes y mortalidad. Los pacientes con obesidad obtuvieron peores puntuaciones en el cuestionario de calidad de vida MLWHFQ. Conclusiones: El IMC mostró asociación con la mortalidad, la enfermedad isquémica, el sexo, la hipertensión, diabetes y dislipemia en pacientes con insuficiencia cardiaca.