Abstract Objective This study aimed to investigate the clinical significance of serum microRNA-146a and pro-inflammatory factors in children with Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia after azithromycin treatment. microRNA-146a is known to regulate inflammatory responses, and excessive inflammation is a primary characteristic of MPP. Methods Children with MPP received conventional symptomatic therapy along with intravenous administration of azithromycin for one week. Serum levels of microRNA-146a and pro-inflammatory factors were measured using RT-qPCR and ELISA kits, respectively. The correlation between microRNA-146a and pro-inflammatory factors was analyzed by the Pearson method. Pulmonary function indexes were assessed using a pulmonary function analyzer, and their correlation with microRNA-146a and pro-inflammatory factors after treatment was evaluated. Children with MPP were divided into effective and ineffective treatment groups, and the clinical significance of microRNA-146a and pro-inflammatory factors was evaluated using receiver operating characteristic curves and logistic multivariate regression analysis. Results Serum microRNA-146a was downregulated in children with MPP but upregulated after azithromycin treatment, contrasting with the trend observed for pro-inflammatory factors. MicroRNA-146a showed a negative correlation with pro-inflammatory cytokines. Pulmonary function parameters were initially reduced in children with MPP, but increased after treatment, showing positive/inverse associations with microRNA-146a and pro-inflammatory factors. Higher microRNA-146a and lower pro-inflammatory factors predicted better efficacy of azithromycin treatment. MicroRNA-146a, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-8 (IL-8), and forced expiratory volume in the first second/forced vital capacity (FEV1/FVC) were identified as independent factors influencing treatment efficacy. Conclusion Azithromycin treatment in children with MPP upregulates microRNA-146a, downregulates pro-inflammatory factors, and effectively improves pulmonary function.

Abstract: Kong-Zi Jia Yu is a book that recorded many Confucius and his disciples’ conversations and thoughts, making it an indispensable source to explore traditional Chinese culture and ideas. In particular, the governance ideas presented in the book are still highly relevant today. People-oriented thoughts were the core of governance wisdom, paradigmatic kingcraft and virtuous courtiers were a sensible part of governance, and the penological ideas further ensured the robust operations of it. In the new era, new ideas like “putting the people as the top priority”, Xi Jinping’s thoughts on building cadre teams and governing China by the rule of law have successively proposed as creative converts and innovative development of Chinese culture that has been carried forward over thousands of years. Inheriting and promoting these cultural “genes”, refining their ideological essence, are of great reference value for cultivating the current political landscape, enriching the connotation of the construction of the cadre team in the new era, adhering to the rule of law and providing ideas for the formulation of current rural governance policies.

Resumo: Kong-Zi Jia Yu é um livro que registrou muitas conversas e pensamentos de Confúcio e seus discípulos, tornando-se uma fonte indispensável para explorar a cultura e as ideias tradicionais chinesas. Em particular, as ideias de governança apresentadas no livro ainda são altamente relevantes, hoje. Os pensamentos orientados para as pessoas eram o núcleo da sabedoria da governança, a arte da realeza paradigmática e os cortesãos virtuosos eram uma parte sensata da governança, e as ideias da penologia asseguravam ainda mais suas operações robustas. Na nova era, novas ideias como “colocar as pessoas como prioridade máxima”, os pensamentos de Xi Jinping sobre a construção de equipes de quadros e o governo da China pelo estado de direito foram propostos sucessivamente como conversões criativas e desenvolvimento inovador da cultura chinesa, que foi levado adiante, ao longo de milhares de anos. Herdar e promover esses “genes” culturais, apurar a sua essência ideológica, são de grande valor referencial para o cultivo do panorama político atual, enriquecendo a conotação da construção da equipe de quadros, na nova era, aderindo ao Estado de Direito e dando ideias para a formulação das atuais políticas de governança rural.

Abstract Background Sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) poses a major threat to both physical and mental health; however, there is still a lack of effective drugs to treat the disease. Recently, novel biological therapies, such as mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and their products, namely, exosomes, are showing promising therapeutic potential due to their low immunogenicity, few ethical concerns, and easy accessibility. Nevertheless, the precise mechanisms underlying the therapeutic effects of MSC-derived exosomes remain unclear. Results Exosomes derived from MSCs reduced hearing and hair cell loss caused by neomycin-induced damage in models in vivo and in vitro. In addition, MSC-derived exosomes modulated autophagy in hair cells to exert a protective effect. Mechanistically, exogenously administered exosomes were internalized by hair cells and subsequently upregulated endocytic gene expression and endosome formation, ultimately leading to autophagy activation. This increased autophagic activity promoted cell survival, decreased the mitochondrial oxidative stress level and the apoptosis rate in hair cells, and ameliorated neomycin-induced ototoxicity. Conclusions In summary, our findings reveal the otoprotective capacity of exogenous exosome-mediated autophagy activation in hair cells in an endocytosis-dependent manner, suggesting possibilities for deafness treatment. SNHL (SNHL health however disease Recently therapies (MSCs products namely immunogenicity concerns accessibility Nevertheless MSCderived MSC unclear neomycininduced neomycin induced vitro addition effect Mechanistically formation survival ototoxicity summary exosomemediated exosome mediated endocytosisdependent endocytosis dependent manner treatment

ABSTRACT The original two-order separating sieve has a good potato-soil separating ability, but it causes significant damage to potatoes while ensuring a high potato detection rate, which in turn affects the working effectiveness of the potato digger. Thus, it is necessary to improve the design of the original swing separation sieve with a two-order sieve surface to one with a three-order sieve surface to solve the contradiction between the potato detection and potato damage. On this basis, the movement characteristics of potatoes and the separation performance of the new sieve were experimentally investigated. The experiment was conducted in a test field in Wuchuan County using a completely randomized design in a single-factor scheme with three factors and five levels, with five crank speeds (140, 150, 180, 210 and 225 rpm), five machine forward speeds (1.41, 1.51, 1.70, 1.89 and 2.21 km h-1) and five boom-connecting rod length combinations (250-350-1,030, 250-370-1,040, 270-370-1,050, 290-370-1,060 and 310-370-1,070 mm). Each experiment was repeated three times at each level, and the average value was taken as the final result. The experimental results demonstrate that the new three-order separation sieve can ensure a high potato detection rate while maintaining a low potato skin breakage rate.

RESUMO A peneira de separação de duas ordens original tem uma boa capacidade de separação batata-solo, mas causa danos significativos às batatas ao mesmo tempo em que garante uma alta taxa de evidência de batatas, o que, por sua vez, afeta a eficácia do trabalho da escavadeira de batatas. Assim, o estudo teve como objetivo aprimorar a peneira de separação de balanço original com uma superfície de peneira de duas ordens para uma nova peneira de separação com uma superfície de peneira de três ordens para resolver a contradição entre a taxa obvia de batatas e os danos às batatas na operação da peneira original. Com base nisso, as características de movimentação das batatas e o desempenho de separação da nova peneira foram investigados experimentalmente no campo. O experimento foi conduzido em um campo de teste no Condado de Wuchuan, utilizando um delineamento completamente aleatório em um esquema de fator único com três fatores e cinco níveis, com cinco velocidades de manivela (140, 150, 180, 210 e 225 rpm), cinco velocidades de avanço da máquina (1,41, 1,51, 1,70, 1,89 e 2,21 km h-1) e cinco combinações de comprimento da haste de ligação do braço (250-350-1.030, 250-370-1.040, 270-370-1.050, 290-370-1.060 e 310-370-1.070 mm). Cada experimento foi repetido três vezes em cada nível, e o valor médio foi considerado como o resultado final. Os resultados experimentais demonstram que a nova peneira de separação de três ordens pode garantir uma alta taxa de detecção de batatas enquanto mantém uma baixa taxa de danos à casca das batatas.

ABSTRACT To explore the downwash airflow characteristics of a multi-rotor UAV and its effect on droplet movement and deposition, a comparative experiment between static-state and hovering-state spraying was carried out with a DJI MG-1P eight-rotor plant protection UAV. The results showed that the overall strength of the downwash airflow decreased further below the UAV. The direction of the airflow directly under the UAV was almost vertically downward and first increased and then decreased in speed. Closer to the ground, the airflow was directed outward with angles in the vertical direction of 71.3° and 81.5°. In general, the downwash airflow velocity and direction on both sides of the UAV were nearly symmetrically distributed. Compared with the static-state spraying, the high-speed downwash airflow in the hovering-state spraying significantly increased droplet velocity and size. The downwash airflow increased the amount of spray deposition in the different measurement layers but reduced the uniformity of the deposition. For the section (L-B-F-J-M) perpendicular to the flight direction, the near ground deposition was the best for the hovering-state spraying, with an average deposition of 5.85 μL/cm2 and an RSD of 36.87%. This study can be a reference for the optimization of the downwash airflow and the improvement of the spray application uniformity of multi-rotor UAVs.

RESUMO Como medicamento tradicional chinês, a Angelica dahurica tem um importante valor medicinal e nutricional. A fim de otimizar o efeito de extração de flavonoides em Angelica dahurica e melhorar o seu valor medicinal, este estudo foi realizado para otimizar o processo de flavonoides em Angelica dahurica usando a metodologia de superfície de resposta, e investigar os efeitos do tempo ultrassônico, concentração de etanol e concentração de solução de alimentação na taxa de extração de flavonoides em Angelica dahurica com base no teste de fator único. O processo de extração assistida por ultrassom pode melhorar significativamente a taxa de extração de flavonoides em Angelica dahurica, e os flavonoides têm certas capacidades antioxidante, o que fornece uma base teórica para a extração de ingredientes ativos em Angelica dahurica. chinês nutricional resposta ultrassônico único antioxidante

ABSTRACT As a traditional Chinese medicine, Angelica dahurica has significant medicinal and nutritional value. To optimize the extraction of flavonoids from Angelica dahurica and enhance its medicinal value, this study was conducted to optimize the process using response surface methodology and investigated the effects of ultrasonication time, ethanol concentration, and solid-liquid ratio on the extraction rate of flavonoids in Angelica dahurica based on single-factor tests. The ultrasound-assisted extraction process can significantly improve the extraction rate of flavonoids in Angelica dahurica, and the flavonoids exhibit antioxidant capacities, which provides a practical basis for the extraction of active ingredients from Angelica dahurica. medicine value time concentration solidliquid solid liquid singlefactor single factor tests ultrasoundassisted ultrasound assisted capacities

Abstract Introduction: dysphagia is a common complication of stroke, and serum albumin is widely recognized as a strong prognostic marker of health and/or disease status. However, the correlation between dysphagia and serum albumin levels has not been established. Objectives: to observe the correlation between dysphagia and serum albumin levels and prognosis in patients with stroke. Methods: we performed a retrospective study of patients hospitalized between June 1, 2018, and June 1, 2022. A total of 1,370 patients were enrolled. The patients were divided into two groups: dysphagia and non-dysphagia. Binary logistic regression and multiple linear regression models were used to analyze the correlation between dysphagia, albumin, modified Rankin Scale (mRS), activities of daily living (ADL), and length of hospital stay (LOS). Results: after adjusting for confounding factors, the risk of pneumonia in the dysphagia group was 2.417 times higher than that in the non-dysphagia group (OR = 2.417, 95 % CI: 1.902-3.072, p = 0.000). The risk of mRS ≥ 3 and modified Barthel index (MBI) < 60 in patients with dysphagia was 3.272-fold (OR = 3.272, 95 % CI: 2.508-4.269, p < 0.001) and 1.670-fold (OR = 1.670, 95 % CI: 1.230-2.268, p < 0.001), respectively; and the risk of hypoproteinemia was 2.533 times higher (OR = 2.533, 95 % CI: 1.879-3.414, p = 0.000). Stepwise linear regression showed that dysphagia was significantly correlated with lower albumin levels and higher mRS, lower ADL, and longer LOS in patients with stroke (β = -0.220, β = 0.265, β = -0.210, and β = 0.147, respectively; p < 0.001). Conclusions: dysphagia in patients with stroke is associated with decreased albumin levels and has an impact on its prognosis.

Resumen Introducción: la disfagia es una complicación común del accidente cerebrovascular, y la albúmina sérica es ampliamente reconocida como un fuerte marcador pronóstico del estado de salud y/o enfermedad. Sin embargo, no se ha establecido la correlación entre la disfagia y los niveles de albúmina sérica. Objetivos: observar la correlación entre la disfagia y los niveles de albúmina sérica y el pronóstico en pacientes con accidente cerebrovascular. Métodos: realizamos un estudio retrospectivo de pacientes hospitalizados entre el 1 de junio de 2018 y el 1 de junio de 2022. Se inscribieron un total de 1.370 pacientes, los cuales fueron divididos en dos grupos: con disfagia y sin disfagia. Se utilizaron modelos de regresión logística binaria y de regresión lineal múltiple para analizar la correlación entre la disfagia, la albúmina, la escala de Rankin modificada (ERm), las actividades de la vida diaria (AVD) y el tiempo de estancia hospitalaria (TEH). Resultados: después de ajustar por factores de confusión, el riesgo de neumonía en el grupo de disfagia fue 2,417 veces mayor que en el grupo sin disfagia (OR = 2,417, IC 95 %: 1,902-3,072, p = 0,000). El riesgo de ERm ≥ 3 y el índice de Barthel modificado (MBI) < 60 en pacientes con disfagia se multiplicó por 3,272 veces (OR = 3,272, IC 95 %: 2,508-4,269, p < 0,001) y 1,670 veces (OR = 1,670, IC 95 %: 1,230-2,268, p < 0,001), respectivamente; el riesgo de hipoproteinemia fue 2,533 veces mayor (OR = 2,533, IC 95 %: 1,879-3,414, p = 0,000). La regresión lineal por pasos mostró que la disfagia se correlacionó significativamente con niveles más bajos de albúmina y ERm más altos, AVD más bajos y TEH más prolongados en pacientes con accidente cerebrovascular (β = -0,220, β = 0,265, β = -0,210 y β = 0,147, respectivamente; p < 0,001). Conclusiones: la disfagia en pacientes con accidente cerebrovascular se asocia a una disminución de los niveles de albúmina y repercute en su pronóstico.

This study aimed to discuss the factors in shaping organisational culture when an organisation promotes lean management. It also aimed to explore which factors are critical among these factors. This study applied a survey questionnaire methodology, and obtained the consent of ten experts and scholars through purposive sampling. The survey was implemented by respondents completing the questionnaires themselves or through telephone interviews. The data were analysed by applying a decision-making trial and evaluation laboratory to understand the degree of causality and correlation between the criteria. According to the data analysis results, three dimensions - 'Lean management has substantial benefits', 'Prevent process waste', and 'Implement lean management programmes and activities/methods and tools' - had the highest degree of correlation; and three dimensions - 'Lean management has substantial benefits', 'Base your management decisions on a longterm philosophy', and 'Prevent process waste' - had the highest degree of causality. Together these dimensions formed the group of causes. However, the degree of causality of 'Lean management has substantial benefits' was far greater than that of the other dimensions. This indicated its significance and influence. The degree of causality of 'Implement lean management programmes and activities/methods' was far less than that of the other dimensions, indicating that this dimension was the effect and was influenced by the other five dimensions. Overall, 'Lean management has substantial benefits' was the most critical factor with the highest degree of causality and correlation. Regarding management implications, a business organisation must encourage its members to regard this dimension as the most critical element when it promotes and shapes the organisational culture of lean management.

Hierdie studie het ten doel gehad om die faktore in die vorming van organisasiekultuur te bespreek wanneer 'n organisasie lenige bestuur bevorder, asook om te ondersoek watter faktore van hierdie faktore van kritieke belang is. Hierdie studie het 'n opnamevraelysmetodologie toegepas en die terugvoer van tien kundiges verkry deur doelgerigte steekproefneming. Die opname is geïmplementeer deur skriftelike vraelyste het of telefoniese onderhoude. Die data is ontleed deur 'n besluitnemingsproef en evaluering toe te pas om die mate van oorsaaklikheid en korrelasie tussen die kriteria te verstaan. Volgens die data-analise resultate het drie dimensies - 'Lenige bestuur het aansienlike voordele', 'Voorkom prosesvermorsing', en 'Implementeer lenige bestuursprogramme en aktiwiteite/metodes en gereedskap' - die hoogste graad van korrelasie gehad; en drie dimensies - Lenige bestuur hou aansienlike voordele in', 'Baseer jou bestuursbesluite op 'n langtermynfilosofie', en 'Voorkom prosesvermorsing' - het die hoogste mate van oorsaaklikheid gehad. Saam het hierdie dimensies die groep oorsake gevorm. Die mate van oorsaaklikheid van 'Lenige bestuur het aansienlike voordele' was egter veel groter as dié van die ander dimensies. Dit het die betekenis en invloed daarvan bevestig. Die graad van oorsaaklikheid van 'Implementeer lenige bestuursprogramme en aktiwiteite/metodes' was veel minder as dié van die ander dimensies, wat aandui dat hierdie dimensie die effek was en deur die ander vyf dimensies beïnvloed is.Oor die algemeen was 'Lenige bestuur het aansienlike voordele' die mees kritieke faktor met die hoogste graad van oorsaaklikheid en korrelasie. Wat bestuursimplikasies betref, moet 'n besigheidsorganisasie sy lede aanmoedig om hierdie dimensie as die mees kritieke element te beskou wanneer dit die organisasiekultuur van lenige bestuur bevorder en vorm.

Resumen La cardiomiopatía diabética es una complicación grave de la diabetes causada por estrés oxidativo, inflamación, resistencia a la insulina, fibrosis miocárdica y lipotoxicidad. Se trata de un padecimiento insidioso, complejo y difícil de tratar. El inflamasoma NLRP3 desencadena la maduración y liberación de citoquinas proinflamatorias, participa en procesos fisiopatológicos como la resistencia a la insulina y la fibrosis miocárdica, además de estar estrechamente relacionado con la aparición y progresión de la cardiomiopatía diabética. El desarrollo de inhibidores dirigidos a aspectos específicos de la inflamación sugiere que el inflamasoma NLRP3 puede utilizarse para tratar la cardiomiopatía diabética. Este artículo pretende resumir el mecanismo y las dianas terapéuticas del inflamasoma NLRP3 en la cardiomiopatía diabética, así como aportar nuevas sugerencias para el tratamiento de esta enfermedad.

Abstract Diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM) is a serious complication of diabetes caused by oxidative stress, inflammation, insulin resistance, myocardial fibrosis, and lipotoxicity; its nature is insidious, complex and difficult to treat. NLRP3 inflammasome triggers the maturation and release of pro-inflammatory cytokines, participates in pathophysiological processes such as insulin resistance and myocardial fibrosis, in addition to being closely related to the development and progression of diabetic cardiomyopathy. The development of inhibitors targeting specific aspects of inflammation suggests that NLRP3 inflammasome can be used to treat diabetic cardiomyopathy. This paper aims to summarize NLRP3 inflammasome mechanism and therapeutic targets in diabetic cardiomyopathy, and to provide new suggestions for the treatment of this disease.

SUMMARY: The Chinese alligator (Alligator sinensis) belongs to the genus Alligator, which is a unique crocodile in China. In order to study the macroscopic structure of the heart of Chinese alligator, we performed detailed cardiac anatomy on five specimens. The heart is in the cranial mediastinum. It is caudally involved by the liver cranial margins, and ventrally by the ribs, intercostal muscles, and sternum and dorsally by the lungs. The wild Chinese alligator heart is a typical four-chamber heart, with two (right and left) atria and ventricles, left and right aorta, pulmonary artery and subclavian artery branch from the aorta. Morphology measures the circumference (129.36 mm), weight (44.14 g), and length of the heart from apex to bottom (52.50 mm). Studies have shown that the shape of the wild Chinese alligator’s heart is consistent with the anatomy of other crocodiles.

RESUMEN: El caimán chino (Alligator sinensis) pertenece al género Alligator, que es un cocodrilo único en China. Para estudiar la estructura macroscópica del corazón del caimán chino, revisamos detalladamente la anatomía cardíaca de cinco especímenes. El corazón está en el mediastino craneal. Está limitado caudalmente por los márgenes craneales del hígado, y ventralmente por las costillas, los músculos intercostales y el esternón, y dorsalmente por los pulmones. El corazón de cocodrilo chino salvaje es un corazón típico de cuatro cámaras, con dos atrios y dos ventrículos (derecho e izquierdo), aortas izquierda y derecha, arteria pulmonar y rama de la arteria subclavia de la aorta. La morfología mide la circunferencia (129,36 mm), el peso (44,14 g) y la longitud del corazón desde el ápice hasta la base (52,50 mm). Los estudios han demostrado que la forma del corazón del caimán chino salvaje es consistente con la anatomía de otros cocodrilos.

RESUMO Introdução Indicadores bioquímicos como nitrogênio ureico no sangue e creatina quinase em atletas jovens são formas de testar a aptidão física. Esses dados fornecem a base para avaliar o condicionamento físico e funcional que os jovens atletas precisam durante o treinamento. Objetivo Investigar os níveis de nitrogênio sérico ureico e creatina quinase em halterofilistas. Métodos 12 biomarcadores de atletas foram rastreados e observados neste artigo. Após este estudo, constatou-se que foram observadas mudanças em seus parâmetros fisiológicos. Estas mudanças são geralmente encontradas a cada três semanas. Utilizou-se o método de estatística matemática para analisar os dados obtidos. Resultados Os níveis médios de creatina quinase foram significativamente elevados no primeiro ciclo. Estes dados são bastante diferentes do nível basal (P<0,01). O aumento do nível sérico de nitrogênio ureico e creatina quinase indica que o atleta entrou em um estado de fadiga. Conclusão Os níveis de nitrogênio ureico no sangue e creatina quinase têm um papel essencial na determinação do grau de fadiga e lesões esportivas dos atletas. Nível de evidência II; Estudos terapêuticos - investigação dos resultados do tratamento.

ABSTRACT Introduction Biochemical indicators such as blood urea nitrogen and creatine kinase in young athletes are ways to test their fitness. These data provide the basis for assessing young athletes’ physical and functional fitness during training. Objective Investigate serum urea nitrogen levels and creatine kinase levels in weightlifters. Methods 12 biomarkers of athletes were tracked and observed in this article. After this study, it was found that changes were observed in their physiological parameters. These changes are usually found every three weeks. The method of mathematical statistics was used to analyze the data obtained. Results The average creatine kinase levels were significantly elevated in the first cycle. These data differ from the basal level (P<0.01). The increased serum urea nitrogen and creatine kinase levels indicate that the athlete has entered a state of fatigue. Conclusion Blood urea nitrogen and creatine kinase levels are essential in determining the degree of fatigue and sports injuries in athletes. Level of evidence II; Therapeutic studies - investigation of treatment outcomes.

RESUMEN Introducción Los indicadores bioquímicos como el nitrógeno ureico en sangre y la creatina quinasa en jóvenes atletas son formas de comprobar su estado físico. Estos datos proporcionan la base para evaluar la aptitud física y funcional que necesitan los jóvenes atletas durante el entrenamiento. Objetivo Investigar los niveles de nitrógeno ureico sérico y creatina quinasa en levantadores de pesas. Métodos En este artículo se examinaron y observaron 12 biomarcadores de atletas. Tras este estudio, se observaron cambios en sus parámetros fisiológicos. Estos cambios suelen producirse cada tres semanas. Para analizar los datos obtenidos se utilizó el método de la estadística matemática. Resultados Los niveles medios de creatina-cinasa fueron significativamente elevados en el primer ciclo. Estos datos son muy diferentes del nivel basal (P<0,01). El aumento de los niveles de nitrógeno ureico sérico y de creatina-cinasa indica que el atleta ha entrado en un estado de fatiga. Conclusión Los niveles de nitrógeno ureico en sangre y de creatina quinasa tienen un papel esencial en la determinación del grado de fatiga y de las lesiones deportivas en los atletas. Nivel de evidencia II; Estudios terapéuticos - investigación de los resultados del tratamiento.

Abstract A chitosan-based edible coating was prepared by incorporating γ-polyglutamic acid and curcumin. The physical, mechanical and antimicrobial properties of the chitosan/γ-polyglutamic acid/curcumin edible coating were characterized. Furthermore, the effect of chitosan/γ-polyglutamic acid/curcumin edible coating on the shelf-life of fresh beef was investigated. The γ-polyglutamic acid and curcumin incorporation greatly improved the performance of chitosan coating, including coating formation and antimicrobial activity. After the application of coating, the chitosan/γ-polyglutamic acid/curcumin edible coating had a good protection effect on the color of beef and was conducive to prolonging the shelf life of beef with good quality compared to pure curcumin edible coating. These results revealed that application of chitosan/γ-polyglutamic acid/ curcumin edible coating will be a good way to preserve freshness of fresh beef.