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IMPACT OF EXERGAMES ON BMI AND CARDIOVASCULAR RISK FACTORS: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW
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Pereira, Eduarda Valim

; Morais, Geiziane Laurindo de

; Gabriel, Ian Rabelo

; Claumann, Gaia Salvador

; Helal, Lucas Crescenti Abdala Saad

; Roever, Leonardo

; Farias, Joni Marcio de

Revista Brasileira de Medicina do Esporte

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2024, Volume 30 elocation e2021_0508

Abstract: En Es Pt | Text: En Es Pt | PDF: En | PDF: Es | PDF: Pt

ABSTRACT Introduction: Exergames or active video games are digital platforms with functionality associated with body movement, which dialogue with improving physical activity levels, stimulating pleasure in practice and adherence to change habits, physically active behavior, and better quality of life. Objective: This study aimed to synthesize the available evidence on the contribution of exergame to Body Mass Index, physical activity level, glycemic control, blood pressure, and cardiorespiratory fitness in adolescents. Methods: This is a systematic review, reported following the PRISMA writing recommendations, without language restrictions, for articles indexed in the following databases: MEDLINE / PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, and Lilacs. Data extraction was performed analogously in a spreadsheet previously tested and standardized. The assessment of the risk of bias in the included studies was carried out by the RoB 1.0 tool in all of its domains in duplicate of reviewers. Initially, 3.039 studies were found. Results: The studies cover a total of 526 adolescents aged ten to 19. The most used platform in the studies was the Nintendo Wii, followed by the PlayStation, Xbox 360, and Dance Dance Revolution. The results indicated that interventions using exergames were effective for changing BMI, but there was no evidence on cardiovascular outcomes, with no effective changes in glycemic control and blood pressure and a significant response (p <0.05) in cardiorespiratory fitness. Conclusion: The exergame points to satisfactory results in improving health and can be incorporated as a relevant public policy in the adolescent health promotion. (PROSPERO Registration CRD42020181772). Level of evidence II; Therapeutic studies - investigation of treatment results.

RESUMEN Introducción: Los Exergames o videojuegos activos son plataformas digitales con funcionalidad asociada al movimiento corporal, que dialogan con la mejora de los niveles de actividad física, estimulando el placer en la práctica y la adherencia a cambios de hábitos, conducta físicamente activa y mejor calidad de vida. Objetivo: Este estudio tuvo como objetivo sintetizar la evidencia disponible sobre la contribución del exergame al índice de masa corporal, nivel de actividad física, control glucémico, presión arterial y aptitud cardiorrespiratoria en adolescentes. Métodos: Se trata de una revisión sistemática, reportada siguiendo las recomendaciones de redacción de PRISMA, sin restricción de idioma, para artículos indexados en las siguientes bases de datos: MEDLINE / PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library y Lilacs. La extracción de datos se realizó de manera similar en una hoja de cálculo estandarizada y probada previamente. La evaluación del riesgo de sesgo en los estudios incluidos se realizó mediante la herramienta RoB 1.0 en todos sus dominios por duplicado de revisores. Inicialmente, se encontraron 3.039 estudios. Resultados: Los estudios abarcaron un total de 526 adolescentes de 10 a 19 años. La plataforma más utilizada en estudios fue la Nintendo Wii, seguida de la PlayStation, Xbox 360 y Dance Dance Revolution. Los resultados indicaron que las intervenciones con exergames fueron efectivas para cambiar el IMC, pero no hubo evidencia sobre los resultados cardiovasculares, no hubo cambios efectivos en el control glucémico y la presión arterial, y una respuesta explicativa (p <0.05) en la aptitud cardiorrespiratoria. Conclusión: El exergame muestra resultados satisfactorios en la mejora de la salud y puede ser incorporado como una política pública relevante en la promoción de la salud de los adolescentes. (Registro PROSPERO CRD42020181772). Nivel de evidencia II; Estudios terapéuticos: investigación de los resultados del tratamiento.

RESUMO Introdução: Exergames ou vídeo games ativos são plataformas digitais com funcionalidade associada ao movimento corporal, que dialogam com a melhora dos níveis de atividade física, estimulando o prazer na prática e a adesão à mudança de hábitos, comportamento ativo e melhor qualidade de vida. Objetivo: Este estudo teve como objetivo sintetizar as evidências disponíveis sobre a contribuição do exergame para o Índice de Massa Corporal, nível de atividade física, controle glicêmico, pressão arterial e aptidão cardiorrespiratória em adolescentes. Métodos: Trata-se de uma revisão sistemática, relatada seguindo as recomendações de redação do PRISMA, sem restrição de idioma, para artigos indexados nas seguintes bases de dados: MEDLINE / PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library e Lilacs. A extração dos dados foi realizada de forma análoga em planilha previamente testada e padronizada. A avaliação do risco de viés nos estudos incluídos foi realizada pela ferramenta RoB 1.0 em todos os seus domínios em duplicata de revisores. Inicialmente, foram encontrados 3.039 estudos. Resultados: Os estudos abrangeram um total de 526 adolescentes de dez a 19 anos. A plataforma mais utilizada nos estudos foi o Nintendo Wii, seguido do PlayStation, Xbox 360 e Dance Dance Revolution. Os resultados indicaram que as intervenções com exergames foram eficazes para alterar o IMC, mas não houve evidências sobre os desfechos cardiovasculares, sem alterações eficazes no controle glicêmico e na pressão arterial e uma resposta significativa (p <0,05) na aptidão cardiorrespiratória. Conclusão: O exergame aponta resultados satisfatórios na melhoria da saúde e pode ser incorporado como uma política pública relevante na promoção da saúde do adolescente. (Registro PROSPERO CRD42020181772). Nível de evidência II; Estudos terapêuticos: investigação dos resultados do tratamento.

https://doi.org/10.1590/1517-8692202430012021_0508i

Current clinical and research practices on frontotemporal dementia in Brazil: a national survey
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Souza, Leonardo Cruz de

; Brucki, Sonia Maria Dozzi

; Schilling, Lucas Porcello

; Silva, Letícia Costa da

; Takada, Leonel Tadao

; Bahia, Valéria Santoro

; Barbosa, Breno José Alencar Pires

; Balthazar, Marcio Luiz Figueredo

; Frota, Norberto Anizio Ferreira

; Nitrini, Ricardo

; Caramelli, Paulo

; Smid, Jerusa

Arquivos de Neuro-Psiquiatria

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jul 2023, Volume 81 N. 7 Pages 632 - 640

Abstract: En Pt | Text: En Pt | PDF: En | PDF: Pt

Abstract Background Frontotemporal dementia (FTD) is a frequent cause of young-onset dementia and represents a major challenge for the diagnosis and clinical management. It is essential to evaluate the difficulties faced by physicians on the diagnostic workup and on patient care. Objective The aim of this study was to investigate the current practices and the local limits on the diagnosis and management of FTD in Brazil. Methods We elaborated an online survey, composed of 29 questions and divided in four parts, comprising questions about existing health facilities, clinical practices related to FTD, and suggestions to increment the national research on FTD. The invitation to participate was sent by email to all neurologists affiliated to the Brazilian Academy of Neurology (n = 3658), and to all physicians who attended the XII Meeting of Researchers on Alzheimer's disease, in 2019 (n = 187). The invitation was also diffused through social media. Results 256 Brazilian physicians answered the questionnaire. The three most relevant disorders for the differential diagnosis of FTD were Alzheimer's disease (AD) (n = 211), bipolar disorder (n = 117) and dementia with Lewy bodies (n = 92). Most respondents (125/256) reported the difficulty in performing genetic testing as the main limit in the diagnostic of FTD. 93% and 63% of participants considered that the assessment of social cognition and AD CSF biomarkers are useful for the diagnosis of FTD, respectively. Conclusions The present study may provide valuable insights for the medical education and clinical training of physicians, and to foster future research on FTD in Brazil.

Resumo Antecedentes A demência frontotemporal (DFT) é causa frequente de demência pré-senil e representa um desafio em termos de diagnóstico e de manejo clínico. É essencial avaliar as dificuldades existentes na propedêutica e nos cuidados médicos. Objetivo Investigar as práticas médicas e as dificuldades para diagnóstico e manejo da DFT no Brasil. Métodos Elaborou-se um questionário online, composto de 29 questões, divididas em quatro partes, com perguntas sobre infraestrutura existente, práticas clínicas relacionadas à DFT e sugestões para desenvolver a pesquisa nacional na área. O convite para participação foi enviado por e-mail a todos neurologistas afiliados à Academia Brasileira de Neurologia (n = 3658), e aos médicos que participaram da XII Reunião de Pesquisadores de Doença de Alzheimer, em 2019 (n = 187). O convite também foi divulgado através de mídias sociais. Resultados 256 médicos brasileiros responderam o questionário. Os três principais diagnósticos diferenciais de DFT foram doença de Alzheimer (n = 211), transtorno bipolar (n = 117) e demência com corpos de Lewy (n = 92). A maior parte dos respondedores (125/256) apontou a dificuldade em realizar testagem genética como o maior limite no diagnóstico de DFT. 93% e 63% dos respondedores indicaram que a avaliação de cognição social e o uso de biomarcadores liquóricos de doença de Alzheimer são úteis no diagnóstico de DFT, respectivamente. Conclusões Estes resultados devem ser considerados na educação e treinamento médicos, e no desenvolvimento da pesquisa brasileira em DFT.

https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0043-1771173

Desenvolvimento da Órtese de Descompressão Occipital (ODO) para pacientes críticos em unidades de terapia intensiva
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Muniz, Lucas da Silva

; Sá, Nonato Márcio Custódio Maia

; Vasconcelos Filho, Carlos Roberto Monteiro de

Cadernos Brasileiros de Terapia Ocupacional

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2023, Volume 31 elocation e3552

Abstract: Pt En | Text: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

Resumo Introdução Lesões por pressão são causadas por prolongado contato da pele com alguma superfície, levando a danos consideráveis de difícil recuperação. Terapeutas ocupacionais podem atuar na prevenção desses agravos por meio da confecção de dispositivos de tecnologia assistiva. Objetivos Apresentar o desenvolvimento de um dispositivo para prevenir e tratar lesões por pressão na região occipital: a Órtese de Descompressão Occipital. Método Esta é uma pesquisa exploratória aplicada através do método de gestão de projetos desenvolvida em quatro etapas. O dispositivo começou a ser desenvolvido em 2017 em um hospital de traumas referência na região metropolitana de Belém, PA, Brasil. Resultado Foi realizado um levantamento dos dispositivos disponíveis no mercado e, a partir disso, desenvolvida a Órtese de Descompressão Occipital. Essa órtese utiliza o colchão piramidal, que é um material de baixo custo que promove a baixa pressão constante no segmento occipital do paciente, e foi confeccionada a partir de avaliação antropométrica. Com base na literatura e em um estudo financeiro, criou-se um modelo aplicável na descompressão do segmento. Esse modelo alternativo apresenta baixo custo e é eficiente para prevenir lesões por pressão. Conclusão A Órtese de Descompressão Occipital segue em processo de aperfeiçoamento. Apesar de se embasar na literatura atual abordando a prevenção de lesões por pressão, ainda é necessário realizar um estudo científico criterioso para verificar sua eficácia. A Órtese de Descompressão Occipital apresenta limitações, principalmente quanto à aprovação de sua utilização por instituições hospitalares.

Abstract Introduction Pressure ulcers (PU) are caused by prolonged contact of the skin with a surface, leading to significant damage that is difficult to recover from. Occupational therapists can play a role in preventing these injuries through the creation of assistive technology devices. Objectives To present the development of a device to prevent and treat PU in the occipital region: the Occipital Decompression Orthosis (ODO). Method This is an exploratory study applied using the project management method and developed in four stages. The device began to be developed in 2017 in a reference trauma hospital in the metropolitan region of Belém, state of Pará, Brazil. Results A survey of devices available on the market was conducted, from which the ODO was developed. This orthosis uses the pyramidal mattress, a low-cost material that provides constant low pressure on the patient’s occipital segment and was designed through an anthropometric assessment. Based on a literature review and a financial study, a model was created for decompression of the segment. This alternative model is low-cost and effective in preventing PU. Conclusion The ODO is still under a refinement process. Although it is based on current literature addressing pressure injury prevention, it is still necessary to conduct a rigorous scientific study to verify its efficacy. The ODO presents limitations, especially regarding its approval for use by hospitals.

https://doi.org/10.1590/2526-8910.ctoao272735521

PROGNOSTIC FACTORS OF LIVER TRANSPLANTATION FOR ACUTE-ON-CHRONIC LIVER FAILURE
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CRONST, Jane

; PREDIGER, Lucas

; PINTO, Marcelo Abreu

; FERRAZ, Julia

; MATTOS, Angelo Zamban de

; ALVARES-DA-SILVA, Mario Reis

; KRUEL, Cleber Rosito Pinto

; CHEDID, Marcio Fernandes

ABCD. Arquivos Brasileiros de Cirurgia Digestiva (São Paulo)

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2023, Volume 36 elocation e1779

Abstract: En Pt | Text: En Pt | PDF: En | PDF: Pt

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: Liver transplantation (LT) is the only treatment that can provide long-term survival for patients with acute-on-chronic liver failure (ACLF). Although several studies identify prognostic factors for patients in ACLF who do not undergo LT, there is scarce literature about prognostic factors after LT in this population. AIM: Evaluate outcomes of ACLF patients undergoing LT, studying prognostic factors related to 1-year and 90 days post-LT. METHODS: Patients with ACLF undergoing LT between January 2005 and April 2021 were included. Variables such as chronic liver failure consortium (CLIF-C) ACLF values and ACLF grades were compared with the outcomes. RESULTS: The ACLF survival of patients (n=25) post-LT at 90 days, 1, 3, 5 and 7 years, was 80, 76, 59.5, 54.1 and 54.1% versus 86.3, 79.4, 72.6, 66.5 and 61.2% for patients undergoing LT for other indications (n=344), (p=0.525). There was no statistical difference for mortality at 01 year and 90 days among patients with the three ACLF grades (ACLF-1 vs. ACLF-2 vs. ACLF-3) undergoing LT, as well as when compared to non-ACLF patients. CLIF-C ACLF score was not related to death outcomes. None of the other studied variables proved to be independent predictors of mortality at 90 days, 1 year, or overall. CONCLUSIONS: LT conferred long-term survival to most transplant patients. None of the studied variables proved to be a prognostic factor associated with post-LT survival outcomes for patients with ACLF. Additional studies are recommended to clarify the prognostic factors of post-LT survival in patients with ACLF.

RESUMO RACIONAL: O transplante hepático (TH) é o único tratamento a proporcionar sobrevida a longo prazo para pacientes com “acute-on-chronic liver failure” (ACLF). Vários estudos identificaram fatores prognósticos para pacientes em ACLF que não realizam TH, porém há poucos dados na literatura sobre fatores prognósticos nessa população transplantada. OBJETIVOS: Avaliar desfechos de pacientes ACLF submetidos a TH, e seus preditores de mortalidade. MÉTODOS: Foram avaliados pacientes em ACLF submetidos a TH entre janeiro de 2005 e abril de 2021. Variáveis como valores CLIF-C ACLF e pontuação no ACLF foram comparadas com os desfechos. RESULTADOS: A sobrevida de ACLF pós TH de pacientes (n=25) em 90 dias, 1, 3, 5 e 7 anos, foi de 80, 76, 59,5, 54,1 e 54,1% versus 86,3, 79,4, 72,6, 66,5 e 61,2% para pacientes submetidos a TH por outras indicações (n=344), (p=0,525). Não houve diferença estatística para mortalidade em 01 ano e 90 dias entre pacientes com os três graus de ACLF (ACLF-1 vs. ACLF-2 vs. ACLF-3), bem como quando comparados a pacientes não ACLF. O escore “chronic liver failure consortium” (CLIF-C) ACLF não se correlacionou com desfechos de óbito. Nenhuma das outras variáveis estudadas mostrou-se preditora independente de mortalidade em 90 dias, após um ano ou global. CONCLUSÕES: TH conferiu sobrevida em longo prazo à maioria dos pacientes transplantados, semelhante aos pacientes submetidos à TH por outras indicações. Nenhuma das variáveis estudadas mostrou-se fator prognóstico associado a desfechos de sobrevida pós-TH para pacientes com ACLF. Estudos adicionais são necessários para estabelecer fatores prognósticos pós-TH em pacientes com ACLF.

https://doi.org/10.1590/0102-672020230061e1779

Synchronous jawbone diseases: a multicenter retrospective study
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REZENDE, Diogo dos Santos da Mata

; SOUZA, Lucas Lacerda de

; UCHÔA, Daniel Cavalléro Colares

; FERNANDES, Lais Albuquerque

; LEMOS, Jeanne Gisele Rodrigues de

; SANTOS-SILVA, Alan Roger

; LOPES, Márcio Ajudarte

; ARBOLEDA, Lady Paola Aristizabal

; ROCHA, André Caroli

; GONÇALVES, Fábio Luiz Neves

; PONTES, Flávia Sirotheau Corrêa

; FONSECA, Felipe Paiva

; PONTES, Hélder Antônio Rebelo

Brazilian Oral Research

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2023, Volume 37 elocation e011

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

Abstract The aim of this study is to report an original case series of synchronous jawbone diseases. Data of patients seen over 13 years were extracted from the files of three Oral Radiology and Pathology diagnostic centers in Brazil. The clinical, radiographic, and laboratory characteristics were tabulated and analyzed by the authors; the patients were described according to lesion type. Seventy-two synchronous jawbone diseases were included in this study. Florid osseous dysplasia, Gorlin-Goltz syndrome, and cherubism were the most frequent disorders reported in this case series. In addition, the posterior mandible area was the main site of manifestation. Florid osseous dysplasia and Gorlin-Goltz syndrome represented two-thirds of our samples. With the utilization of adequate demographic, clinical, and radiologic information, it is possible to diagnose most of the synchronous lesions of jawbones. Sometimes, however, we need complementary exams, such as histopathologic and biochemical analysis or dosing of calcium, phosphorus, and alkaline phosphatase.

https://doi.org/10.1590/1807-3107bor-2023.vol37.0011

Ichthyofauna of the Nascentes do Rio Parnaíba National Park: watershed divide in the main agricultural encroachment area in the Brazilian Cerrado
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Silva, Salu Coêlho da

; Medeiros, Lucas Silva de

; Bezerra Neto, Miguel Fernandes

; Silva, Márcio Joaquim da

; Ramos, Telton Pedro Anselmo

; Lima, Flávio César Thadeo de

; Lima, Sergio Maia Queiroz

Biota Neotropica

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2023, Volume 23 N. 1 elocation e20221414

Abstract: En Pt | Text: En Pt | PDF: En | PDF: Pt

Abstract The Nascentes do Rio Parnaíba National Park (NPNP), located in Brazilian Cerrado, protects portions of three river basins: headwaters of Parnaíba, a small portion in upper Tocantins-Araguaia, and tributaries of the middle section of the São Francisco. This protected area is in the boundaries of the states of Maranhão, Tocantins, Piauí, and Bahia, also known as MATOPIBA, a region that has established rapid agricultural expansion associated to land conflicts between corporate agriculture, family agriculture, protected areas, indigenous territories, and quilombola communities. The knowledge of the ichthyofauna in this region is scarce while the impacts on the aquatic environments are increasing. We made a survey of fishes in the NPNP and its surroundings areas, estimating richness, endemics, introduced and shared species between river basins. During 2014, 54 sampling sites were visited, 19 in the NPNP and 35 in the surrounding area. Ninety-five species, 51 genera, 22 families, and six orders were recorded, of which 38 (40%) are in the NPNP. One introduced species were recorded in the Parnaíba River basin and no endangered species were registered. Our data corroborate the importance of the network of protected areas for the preservation of Cerrado fishes, including some possibly undescribed and restricted-range species that may be threatened due to intense agricultural encroachment in the MATOPIBA region.

Resumo O Parque Nacional Nascentes do Rio Parnaíba (PNNP), localizado no Cerrado brasileiro, protege diferentes porções de três bacias hidrográficas, as cabeceiras do Parnaíba, uma pequena porção do alto rio Tocantins e tributários do trecho médio do São Francisco. Esta área protegida está localizada nos limites dos estados do Maranhão, Tocantins, Piauí e Bahia, também conhecida como MATOPIBA, região que tem apresentado rápida expansão agrícola associada a conflitos fundiários do agronegócio com agricultura familiar, áreas protegidas, territórios indígenas e comunidades quilombolas. O conhecimento da ictiofauna nessas regiões é escasso, embora os impactos sobre os ecossistemas aquáticos sejam crescentes. Assim, elaboramos um levantamento de peixes do PNNP e em seu entorno, identificando a riqueza, espécies endêmicas, introduzidas e compartilhadas entre bacias hidrográficas. Durante o ano de 2014 foram visitados 54 locais de amostragem, 19 no PNNP e 35 no entorno. Foram coletadas 95 espécies, 51 gêneros, 22 famílias e seis ordens, das quais 38 espécies (40%) estão no PNNP. Uma espécie introduzida foi registrada na bacia do rio Parnaíba e nenhuma espécie ameaçada de extinção foi registrada. Os dados aqui apresentados corroboram a importância da rede de áreas protegidas para a preservação dos peixes do Cerrado, com espécies potencialmente novas e de distribuição restrita, que podem estar ameaçadas devido à intensa expansão agrícola na região do MATOPIBA.

https://doi.org/10.1590/1676-0611-bn-2022-1414

The relationship of major depressive disorder with Crohn’s disease activity
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Facanali, Carolina Bortolozzo Graciolli

; Sobrado Junior, Carlos Walter

; Fraguas Junior, Renério

; Facanali Junior, Marcio Roberto

; Boarini, Lucas Rodrigues

; Sobrado, Lucas Faraco

; Cecconello, Ivan

Clinics

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2023, Volume 78 elocation 100188

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

Abstract Introduction: Crohn’s disease (CD) has been related to an increased prevalence of psychiatric disorders and suicide risk (SR). However, the nature of their relationship still deserves clarification. The aim of this study is to assess the prevalence of major depressive disorder (MDD) in patients with CD, and to investigate the relationship between MDD and CD outcomes. Methods: A cross-sectional study involving CD patients was performed. CD activity was evaluated by the Harvey-Bradshaw index and CD phenotype by the Montreal classification. The presence of MDD was assessed by the Patient Health Questionnaire score-9 (PHQ-9). Sociodemographic data and other characteristics were retrieved from electronic medical records. Results: 283 patients with CD were included. The prevalence of MDD was 41.7%. Females had a risk of MDD 5.3 times greater than males. CD disease duration was inversely correlated with MDD severity. Individuals with active CD were more likely to have MDD (OR = 796.0; 95% CI 133.7‒4738.8) than individuals with CD remission. MDD was more prevalent in inflammatory behavior (45.5%) and there were no statistical differences regarding the disease location. 19.8% of the sample scored positive for SR. Conclusion: The present results support data showing an increased prevalence of MDD in individuals with CD. Additionally, it indicates that MDD in CD might be related to the activity of CD. Prospective studies are warranted to confirm these results and to address whether MDD leads to CD activity, CD activity leads to MDD or both ways are existent.

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clinsp.2023.100188

Antagonistas do Sistema Renina-Angiotensina e Betabloqueadores na Prevenção da Cardiotoxicidade por Antraciclinas: Revisão Sistemática e Metanálise
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Avila, Monica Samuel

; Siqueira, Suellen Rodrigues Rangel

; Waldeck, Lucas

; Ayub-Ferreira, Silvia Moreira

; Takx, Richard

; Bittencourt, Marcio Sommer

; Bocchi, Edimar Alcides

Arquivos Brasileiros de Cardiologia

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2023, Volume 120 N. 5 elocation e20220298

Abstract: En Pt | Text: En Pt | PDF: En | PDF: Pt

Abstract Background The evidence supporting the use of renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) inhibitors and beta-blockers for the prevention of anthracycline-induced cardiomyopathy is controversial. Objective We performed a meta-analysis to assess the effectiveness of these drugs in preventing cardiotoxicity. Methods The meta-analysis included prospective, randomized studies in adults receiving anthracycline chemotherapy and compared the use of RAAS inhibitors or beta-blockers versus placebo with a follow-up of 6 to 18 months. The primary outcome was change in left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) during chemotherapy. Secondary outcomes were the incidence of heart failure, all-cause mortality, and changes in end-diastolic measurement. Heterogeneity was assessed by stratification and meta-regression. A significance level of p < 0.05 was adopted. Results The search resulted in 17 studies, totaling 1,530 patients. The variation (delta) in LVEF was evaluated in 14 studies. Neurohormonal therapy was associated with a lower delta in pre- versus post-therapy LVEF (weighted mean difference 4.42 [95% confidence interval 2.3 to 6.6]) and higher final LVEF (p < 0.001). Treatment resulted in a lower incidence of heart failure (risk ratio 0.45 [95% confidence interval 0.3 to 0.7]). There was no effect on mortality (p = 0.3). For analysis of LVEF, substantial heterogeneity was documented, which was not explained by the variables explored in the study. Conclusion The use of RAAS inhibitors and beta-blockers to prevent anthracycline-induced cardiotoxicity was associated with less pronounced reduction in LVEF, higher final LVEF, and lower incidence of heart failure. No changes in mortality were observed. (CRD PROSPERO 42019133615)

Resumo Fundamento As evidências que embasam o uso de inibidores do sistema-renina-angiotensina aldosterona (SRAA) e betabloqueadores para prevenção de cardiomiopatia induzida por antraciclinas são controversas. Objetivo Realizamos uma metanálise para avaliar a eficácia desses medicamentos na prevenção da cardiotoxicidade. Métodos A metanálise incluiu estudos prospectivos e randomizados com adultos submetidos à quimioterapia com antraciclina e comparou o uso de terapias SRAA ou betabloqueadores versus placebo com seguimento de 6 a 18 meses. O desfecho primário foi alteração da fração de ejeção do ventrículo esquerdo (FEVE) durante a quimioterapia. Os desfechos secundários foram: a incidência de insuficiência cardíaca, mortalidade por todas as causas e alterações na medida do diâmetro diastólico final. A avaliação da heterogeneidade foi realizada por estratificação e meta-regressão. O nível de significância adotado foi p < 0,05. Resultados A busca resultou em 17 estudos, totalizando 1.530 pacientes. A variação (delta) da FEVE foi avaliada em 14 estudos. A terapia neuro-hormonal foi associada a um menor delta na FEVE pré-terapia versus pós-terapia (diferença média ponderada 4,42 [intervalo de confiança de 95% 2,3 a 6,6]) e maior FEVE final (p < 0,001). O tratamento resultou em menor incidência de insuficiência cardíaca (risk ratio 0,45 [intervalo de confiança de 95% 0,3 a 0,7]). Não houve efeito na mortalidade (p = 0,3). Para a análise da FEVE, foi documentada heterogeneidade substancial, não explicada pelas variáveis exploradas no estudo. Conclusão O uso de inibidores do SRAA e betabloqueadores para prevenção da cardiotoxicidade induzida por antraciclinas foi associado a redução menos pronunciada da FEVE, maior FEVE final e menor incidência de insuficiência cardíaca. Não foram observadas alterações na mortalidade. (CRD PROSPERO 42019133615)

https://doi.org/10.36660/abc.20220298

Ionic Polymer-Metal Composite Coated with Polyaniline Film by Electrodeposition: A Promising IPMC/PANI Junction for Applications in Robotics and Bioengineering
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Zimmermann, Cristiano Porporatti

; Kranz, Gabriela Madella

; Eckert, João Paulo

; Fadani, Lucas

; Zanetti, Micheli

; Mello, Josiane Maria Muneron de

; Innocente, Paulo Roberto

; Colpani, Gustavo Lopes

; Fiori, Márcio Antônio

; Scuracchio, Carlos Henrique

Materials Research

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2023, Volume 26 Suppl. 1 elocation e20220609

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

Ionic polymer-metal composites (IPMC) are typical electromechanical transducing materials suitable for use as soft actuators, bioinspired artificial muscles and sensors. However, IPMC produced with platinum films has the great disadvantage of the large number of cracks and wrinkles, which reduce the performance of the electrode. Polyaniline (PANI) is a promising conductive polymer that can address this issue, especially when it is electropolymerized on the platinum surface. An IPMC/PANI actuator was developed by potentiostatic electropolymerization of PANI at 0.9 V in 0.1 M and 0.3 M aniline solution. The characterization revealed that PANI is preferentially electropolymerized in the platinum film cracks and improve the electronic conduction mechanisms, which is not reported so far. The maximum tip displacement of the IPMC/PANI under 5 V was 8.3 mm, while for the IPMC was equal 5.2 mm. These results provide a simple and effective method to repair IPMCs and enhance their electromechanical performances.

https://doi.org/10.1590/1980-5373-mr-2022-0609

10.

Cellulose acetate film containing layered double hydroxide: a new method for determination of soil phosphorus availability
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Castro, Gustavo Franco de

; Cuesta, Rafael Lucas Coca

; Duarte, Valber Georgio de Oliveira

; Mattiello, Edson Marcio

; Ferreira, Jader Alves

; Novais, Roberto Ferreira

; Tronto, Jairo

Revista Brasileira de Ciência do Solo

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2023, Volume 47 elocation e0220140

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

ABSTRACT Soil nutrient availability and interpretations of nutrient contents are based on the results obtained from specific extraction methods used in routine testing laboratories. The development of new extraction methods and new extractants with better accuracy is particularly important to determine the correct fertilizer rates to be applied. For this purpose, this study aims to synthesize, characterize and evaluate the predictive capacity of cellulose acetate film containing calcinated layered double hydroxide (CAF-LDH-c), as a new extractant and a new method of P extraction in soils. Different analyses techniques were used to characterize the CAF-LDH-c sample, including X-ray diffraction, attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and scanning electronic microscopy. Soils were collected from twelve areas with different management and initial availability of P. The soils were subjected to six rates of P and were cultivated with plants. The predictive capacity of CAF-LDH-c, as a new extractant of P in different soils, was evaluated and compared to Mehlich-1 (M-1), Mehlich-3 (M-3), and Mixed Exchange Resin (MER) extractants. Chemical analyses performed on CAF-LDH-c showed that LDH in powder form was incorporated into the cellulose acetate film. There was a linear relation between P uptake by plants and extractable soil P in the soil by CAF-LDH-c, M-1, M-3, and MER extractants. The significant correlations between extracted P in the soil and P uptake by plants for CAF-LDH-c showed the efficacy of the new extractor and the newly proposed method for different types of soils. The results from the present study confirm the possibility of using CAF-LDH-c extractant as a new methodology to evaluate the availability of P in the soil for plant cultivation.

https://doi.org/10.36783/18069657rbcs20220140

11.

Resgate vegetativo, estabelecimento in vitro e estaquia de Drimys brasiliensis Miers
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Silva, Jaiton Jaime das Neves

; Navroski, Marcio Carlos

; Aquino, Marina Gabriela Cardoso de

; Denega, Lucas

; Fonseca, Pedro Henrique Tavares da

; Oliveira, Luciana Magda de

; Pereira, Mariane de Oliveira

Ciência Florestal

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2023, Volume 33 N. 1 elocation e69093

Abstract: En Pt | Text: En Pt | PDF: En | PDF: Pt

ABSTRACT Drimys brasiliensis Miers, popularly known as cataia, is a tree species native to the Atlantic Forest that has phytochemical, phytotherapeutic, aromatic and economic importance, with wide use in folk medicine. It is considered a species of difficult multiplication via seeds, presenting dormancy due to embryonic immaturity. Thus, the objective of this study was to analyze the vegetative rescue, in vitro establishment and propagation by way of cuttings of Drimys brasiliensis. For the rescue, the girdling techniques were applied at 30 and 90 cm from the ground, semi-girdling at 30 cm from the ground and pruned branches conditioned vertically and horizontally, being evaluated the shoot emission capacity. With the shoots obtained by vegetative rescue, the explants used for in vitro establishment were made, evaluating different immersion times in sodium hypochlorite 1.0 % (v/v) (0, 10, 15 and 20 minutes). The percentages of total, bacterial, fungal contamination and phenolic oxidation were evaluated. On the cuttings, shoots from vegetative rescue, from the aerial part of an adult individual and from detached branches were tested and placed in a mini-tunnel. The percentage of cuttings survival, percentage of cuttings with callus and percentage of rooting were evaluated. Regarding the vegetative rescue, the technique of pruned branches resulted in the induction of shoots, highlighting the branches conditioned vertically (100%). In the in vitro establishment, the immersion in sodium hypochlorite (1%) for 20 minutes proved to be efficient in the control of fungal contamination, however, no significant differences were observed in relation to the control of bacterial contamination. In cuttings, the use of cuttings from pruned branches or girdling/semi-girdling showed potential for these techniques in the cloning of the species, obtaining results close to 10% rooting. In general, the species has the potential for vegetative propagation, however, adjustments are necessary in the in vitro establishment and cutting protocols.

RESUMO Drimys brasiliensis Miers, conhecida popularmente por cataia, é uma espécie arbórea nativa da Mata Atlântica que apresenta importância fitoquímica, fitoterapêutica, aromática e econômica, com amplo uso na medicina popular. É considerada uma espécie de difícil multiplicação via sementes, apresentando dormência por imaturidade embrionária. Assim, objetivou-se com este estudo analisar o resgate vegetativo, estabelecimento in vitro e a propagação via estaquia de Drimys brasiliensis. Para o resgate, realizou-se a aplicação das técnicas de anelamento a 30 e 90 cm do solo, semianelamento a 30 cm do solo e galhos podados acondicionados vertical e horizontalmente, sendo avaliada a capacidade de emissão de brotações. Com as brotações obtidas pelo resgate vegetativo, foram confeccionados os explantes utilizados para o estabelecimento in vitro, avaliando diferentes tempos de imersão em hipoclorito de sódio 1,0 % (v/v) (0, 10, 15 e 20 minutos). Foram avaliadas as percentagens de contaminação total, bacteriana, fúngica e oxidação fenólica. Na estaquia foram testadas brotações oriundas do resgate vegetativo, da parte aérea de indivíduo adulto e de galhos destacados e acondicionados em mini-túnel. Avaliaram-se a porcentagem de sobrevivência das estacas, porcentagem de estacas com calos e porcentagem de enraizamento. Em relação ao resgate vegetativo, a técnica de galhos podados resultou na indução de brotações, destacando os galhos acondicionados verticalmente (100%). No estabelecimento in vitro, a imersão em hipoclorito de sódio (1%) por 20 minutos se mostrou eficiente no controle da contaminação por fungos, entretanto, não foram observadas diferenças significativas em relação ao controle de contaminação bacteriana. Na estaquia, o uso de estacas provenientes de galhos podados ou anelamento/semianelamento mostrou potencial para estas técnicas na clonagem da espécie, obtendo resultados próximos a 10% de enraizamento. No geral, a espécie apresenta potencial de propagação vegetativa, contudo, são necessários ajustes nos protocolos de estabelecimento in vitro e estaquia.

https://doi.org/10.5902/1980509869093

12.

Contribution of public oral pathology services to the diagnosis of oral and oropharyngeal cancer in Brazil
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LOUREDO, Brendo Vinicius Rodrigues

; CURADO, Maria Paula

; PENAFORT, Paulo Victor Mendes

; DE ARRUDA, José Alcides Almeida

; ABREU, Lucas Guimarães

; MESQUITA, Ricardo Alves

; PINTO-JÚNIOR, Décio dos Santos

; ABRAHÃO, Aline Corrêa

; ANDRADE, Bruno Augusto Benevenuto de

; AGOSTINI, Michelle

; MORAES, Renata Mendonça

; ANBINDER, Ana Lia

; DOURADO, Pedro Henrique Silva

; SANTOS, Teresa Cristina Ribeiro Bartholomeu dos

; PIRES, Fábio Ramoa

; BORDIGNON, Natalia Cristina Trentin

; GONDAK, Rogério Oliveira

; DE OLIVEIRA, Marcia Gaiger

; CARRARD, Vinicius Coelho

; MARTINS, Manoela Domingues

; SOUSA-NETO, Sebastião Silvério

; ARANTES, Diego Antônio Costa

; MENDONÇA, Elismauro Francisco

; CIESLAK-SANCHES, Silvia Roberta

; ANTUNES, Daniella Moraes

; AMARAL-SILVA, Gleyson Kleber do

; MANIERI, Patricia Rubia

; RAMALHO, Luciana Maria Pedreira

; DOS SANTOS, Jean Nunes

; LEONEL, Augusto César Leal da Silva

; PEREZ, Danyel Elias da Cruz

; VERHEUL, Hannah Carmem Carlos Ribeiro Silva

; BARROSO, Keila Martha Amorim

; RODRIGUES, Flávia Luiza Santos

; GONZAGA, Amanda Katarinny Goes

; FERNANDES, Romana Renery

; DE SOUZA, Lélia Batista

; SOUZA, Lucas Lacerda de

; PONTES, Flávia Sirotheau Corrêa

; PONTES, Hélder Antônio Rebelo

; SILVA, Caroline Alfaia

; CÂMARA, Jeconias

; LIBÓRIO-KIMURA, Tatiana Nayara

; SANTOS-SILVA, Alan Roger

; LOPES, Márcio Ajudarte

; ALMEIDA, Oslei Paes de

; ROMAÑACH, Mário José

; VARGAS, Pablo Agustin

Brazilian Oral Research

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2023, Volume 37 elocation e126

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

Abstract This study aimed to evaluate the contribution of oral and maxillofacial pathology laboratories (OMPLs) in Brazilian public universities to the diagnosis of lip, oral cavity, and oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). A cross-sectional study was performed using biopsy records from a consortium of sixteen public OMPLs from all regions of Brazil (North, Northeast, Central-West, Southeast, and South). Clinical and demographic data of patients diagnosed with lip, oral cavity, and oropharyngeal SCC between 2010 and 2019 were collected from the patients’ histopathological records. Of the 120,010 oral and maxillofacial biopsies (2010-2019), 6.9% (8,321 cases) were diagnosed as lip (0.8%, 951 cases), oral cavity (4.9%, 5,971 cases), and oropharyngeal (1.2%, 1,399 cases) SCCs. Most cases were from Brazil’s Southeast (64.5%), where six of the OMPLs analyzed are located. The predominant profile of patients with lip and oral cavity SCC was Caucasian men, with a mean age over 60 years, low schooling level, and a previous history of heavy tobacco consumption. In the oropharyngeal group, the majority were non-Caucasian men, with a mean age under 60 years, had a low education level, and were former/current tobacco and alcohol users. According to data from the Brazilian National Cancer Institute, approximately 9.9% of the total lip, oral cavity, and oropharyngeal SCCs reported over the last decade in Brazil may have been diagnosed at the OMPLs included in the current study. Therefore, this data confirms the contribution of public OMPLs with respect to the important diagnostic support they provide to the oral healthcare services extended by the Brazilian Public Health System.

https://doi.org/10.1590/1807-3107bor-2023.vol37.0126

13.

The Brazilian version of the telehealth usability questionnaire (telehealth usability questionnaire Brazil): translation, cross-cultural adaptation, and psychometric properties
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Santos, Marissa Rocha

; Malaguti, Carla

; Cabral, Laura Alves

; Soares, Ana Luiza

; Neves, Luis Henrique Gomes

; Sena, Lucas dos Anjos

; Parmanto, Bambang

; Sauers, Andrea Lopes

; José, Anderson

; Oliveira, Cristino Carneiro

Revista da Associação Médica Brasileira

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2023, Volume 69 N. 12 elocation e20230228

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

SUMMARY OBJECTIVE: The objectives of this study were to translate and cross-culturally adapt the telehealth usability questionnaire into Brazilian Portuguese and to evaluate its psychometric properties. METHODS: This was a methodological validation study carried out in two phases. In phase 1, the telehealth usability questionnaire was cross-culturally adapted with 10 participants comprising the expert committee members, including 5 healthcare professionals with theoretical and practical knowledge of telehealth, 1 methodologist, and 4 translators. This phase was performed at Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora Physiotherapy Clinic School. In phase 2, the psychometric properties of telehealth usability questionnaire Brazil were analyzed. This phase included in-person assessments at Márcio Cunha Hospital, Minas Gerais. The recruitment period for both phases was from April 2020 to February 2021. Content validity, reliability, internal consistency, and criterion validity were analyzed. The criterion validity was evaluated using correlation with a validated instrument: the system usability scale. RESULTS: The telehealth usability questionnaire was adequately translated and cross-culturally adapted. The telehealth usability questionnaire Brazil presented an excellent content validity index of 0.96 with percentages of understanding higher than 90%. The telehealth usability questionnaire Brazil demonstrated great internal consistency (α=0.94 and ω=0.94), excellent intra-rater reliability (intraclass correlation coefficient=0.85, 95%CI 0.75–0.91), no difference between the test and retest [T (0.425), p>0.673], and no proportional bias (p=0.205). There was a moderate correlation between telehealth usability questionnaire Brazil and the system usability scale (r=0.52, p<0.0001). CONCLUSION: The telehealth usability questionnaire was adequately translated and cross-culturally adapted into Brazilian Portuguese and showed adequate psychometric properties for use in telehealth clinical practice and research in Brazilian-Portuguese-speaking individuals.

https://doi.org/10.1590/1806-9282.20230228

14.

ELEMENTS OF INTERPROFESSIONAL EDUCATION IN THE CURRICULUM OF MULTIPROFESSIONAL RESIDENCY PROGRAMS IN HEALTH: A DOCUMENTARY STUDY
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Fernandes, Sâmara Fontes

; Freitas, Rodrigo Jácob Moreira de

; Silva, Maria Rocineide Ferreira da

; Leite, Lucas Souza

; Trigueiro, Jaira Gonçalves

; Barreto, Marcio Adriano Fernandes

; Soares, Themis Cristina Mesquita

Texto & Contexto - Enfermagem

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2023, Volume 32 elocation e20230105

Abstract: En Es Pt | Text: En Es Pt | PDF: En | PDF: Es | PDF: Pt

ABSTRACT Objective: to examine the interprofessional education elements present in the integrated curricula of the Multiprofessional Residency Programs in Health in the cities from inland Rio Grande do Norte. Method: a documentary research study based on the analysis of three Pedagogical Course Projects with a quantitative approach. The data were extracted with the aid of an adapted instrument, processed in the Iramuteq software, presented in charts and in a dendrogram and analyzed by thematic categories and interpretively. Results: the text corpus was built from the organization of all the information through the adapted instrument and subsequently analyzed in Iramuteq through Descending Hierarchical Classification. The emergence of two main classes was identified: Class 3, which was subdivided into classes 1 and 2; and Class 4. From the keywords found in the dendrogram corresponding to each Class and their statistical similarity, it was possible to organize the classes into analysis categories, as follows: Class 3 - Interprofessional Education: Actors, contexts and strategies; and Class 4 - Methodological and evaluative strategies for building interprofessional competencies and skills. Through the Pedagogical Course Projects, a training process that values the development of competencies for teamwork, interprofessional and comprehensive care is indicated, based on the guiding principles of interprofessional education. Conclusion: there is an effort by the pedagogical projects to point to an integrated curriculum based on Interprofessional Education since, in their theoretical framework, they contribute fundamental principles for developing the teaching-learning process.

RESUMEN Objetivo: examinar los elementos de la educación interprofesional presentes en los planes de estudios integrados de los Programas de Residencia Multiprofesionales en Salud en las ciudades del interior do Rio Grande do Norte. Método: investigación documental a partir del análisis de tres Proyectos Pedagógicos de Carreras Universitarias con enfoque cuantitativo. Los datos se extrajeron con la ayuda de un instrumento adaptado, se los procesó en el programa de software Iramuteq, se presentaron en forma de cuadros y de dendrograma y se los analizó por categorías temáticas y en forma interpretativa. Resultados: el corpus de texto se elaboró a partir de organizar toda la información en el instrumento adaptado e, inmediatamente después, se lo analizó en Iramuteq por medio de Clasificación Jerárquica Descendente. Se identificaron dos clases principales: a Clase 3, que se subdividió en las clases 1 y 2; y Clase 4. A partir de las palabras clave presentes en el dendrograma de cada Clase y su similitud estadística, fue posible organizar las clases en categorías de análisis, a saber: Clase 3 - Educación interprofesional: Actores, contextos y estrategias; y Clase 4 - Estrategias metodológicas y evaluativas para desarrollar competencias y habilidades interprofesionales. A través de los Proyectos Pedagógicos de Carreras Universitarias, se señala un proceso formativo que valoriza el desarrollo de competencias para trabajo en equipo, interprofesional y cuidado integral, a partir de principios guía de la educación interprofesional. Conclusión: los proyectos pedagógicos se esfuerzan por indicar el camino a un plan de estudios integrado y fundamentado en la Educación Interprofesional, puesto que incluyen principios fundamentales para desarrollar el proceso de en enseñanza-aprendizaje en su marco teórico.

RESUMO Objetivo: examinar os elementos da educação interprofissional presentes nos currículos integrados das Residências Multiprofissionais em Saúde nas cidades do interior do Rio Grande do Norte. Método: pesquisa documental a partir da análise de três Projetos Pedagógicos de Curso com abordagem quantitativa. Os dados foram coletados de novembro de 2022 a janeiro de 2023 e extraídos com auxílio de um instrumento adaptado, processados no software Iramuteq, apresentados em quadros, dendograma e analisados por categorias temáticas e interpretativamente. Resultados: o corpus textual foi construído a partir da organização das informações através do instrumento adaptado e, logo após, analisado no Iramuteq por meio de Classificação Hierárquica Descendente. Identificou-se o surgimento de duas classes principais: a Classe 3, que se subdividiu em classe 1 e 2; e a Classe 4. A partir das palavras-chaves presentes no dendrograma de cada Classe e sua similaridade estatística, foi possível organizar as classes em categorias de análises, sendo: Classe 3 - Educação interprofissional: Atores, contextos e estratégias; e Classe 4 - Estratégias metodológicas e avaliativas para a construção de competências e habilidades interprofissionais. Indica-se, através dos Projetos Pedagógicos de Curso, um processo formativo que valoriza a construção de competências para um trabalho em equipe, interprofissional e cuidado integral, a partir de princípios norteadores da educação interprofissional. Conclusão: há um esforço dos projetos pedagógicos em apontar para um currículo integrado fundamentado em Educação Interprofissional, visto que trazem, em seu arcabouço teórico, princípios fundamentais para o desenvolvimento do processo ensino-aprendizagem.

https://doi.org/10.1590/1980-265x-tce-2023-0105en

15.

Sampling sufficiency for estimating the mean of wheat traits
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Cargnelutti Filho, Alberto

; Souza, Jéssica Maronez de

; Neu, Ismael Mario Márcio

; Silveira, Daniela Lixinski

; Bubans, Valéria Escaio

; Costa, Samanta Luiza da

; Osmari, Lucas Fillipin

; Osmari, Bruno Fillipin

Pesquisa Agropecuária Brasileira

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2023, Volume 58 elocation e03271

Abstract: En Pt | Text: En Pt | PDF: En | PDF: Pt

Abstract The objective of this work was to determine the sample size necessary for estimating the means of wheat (Triticum aestivum) traits, obtained through measurement, counting, and weighing. Seventeen uniformity trials were performed with 1,790 plants harvested randomly, whose following traits were evaluated: lengths of the main stem and main stem ear (measurement); number of leaves, stems, and ears (counting); and mass of fresh and dry matter of leaves, stems, and ears (weighing). The Bartlett and Kolmogorov-Smirnov tests and Welch’s analysis of variance were performed. Skewness, central tendency, and variability were determined, and sample size was calculated to estimate the means of the 13 evaluated traits, considering estimation errors (semi-amplitudes of the 95% confidence interval) equal to 5, 10, 15, and 20% of the mean. There is a decrease in the sample size to estimate the means of wheat traits obtained through weighing, counting, and measuring, in this order. In an experiment to estimate the mean of wheat traits obtained by weighing, counting, and measuring with a maximum error of 10% of the mean at a 95% confidence interval, 117, 76, and 9 plants per treatment are needed, respectively.

Resumo O objetivo deste trabalho foi determinar o tamanho de amostra necessário para estimar a média de caracteres de trigo (Triticum aestivum) obtidos por meio de medição, contagem e pesagem. Dezessete ensaios de uniformidade foram feitos com 1,790 plantas colhidas aleatoriamente, cujos seguintes caracteres foram avaliados: comprimentos do colmo principal e da espiga do colmo principal (medição); número de folhas, colmos e espigas (contagem); e massa de matéria fresca e seca de folhas, colmos e espigas (pesagem). Realizaram-se os testes de Bartlett e Kolmogorov-Smirnov e a análise de variância de Welch. Determinaram-se as medidas de assimetria, tendência central e variabilidade, e calculou-se o tamanho de amostra para a estimação da média dos 13 caracteres avaliados, tendo-se considerado erros de estimação (semiamplitudes do intervalo de confiança de 95%) iguais a 5, 10, 15 e 20% da média. Há um decréscimo do tamanho de amostra para estimar a média dos caracteres de trigo obtidos por meio de pesagem, contagem e medição, nesta ordem. Em um experimento para estimar a média dos caracteres de trigo obtidos por pesagem, contagem e medição com erro máximo de 10% da média e nível de confiança de 95%, são necessárias 117, 76 e 9 plantas por tratamento, respectivamente.

https://doi.org/10.1590/s1678-3921.pab2023.v58.03271

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