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Phytochemical profile of Capsicum spp. fruits related to ripeness level, shading and harvest season in the Southeast of Mexico
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Cruz-Ricardez, Dario De la

; Lagunes-Espinoza, Luz del Carmen

; Soto-Hernández, Ramón Marcos

; Hernández-Nataren, Edith

; Ortiz-García, Carlos Fredy

; Acosta-Pech, Rocío Guadalupe

Chilean journal of agricultural research

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feb 2024, Volume 84 N. 2 Pages 211 - 224

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

ABSTRACT Secondary metabolites of Capsicum spp. have biological activity, which can be modified by external factors as the amount of incident light and soil water availability during crop growing, and by internal factors as fruit ripeness level. The study aim was to determine by HPLC method the phytochemical profile of C. annuum L. var. glabriusculum (Dunal) Heiser & Pickersgill (AMA and GAR genotypes) and C. frutescens L. (PIP genotype) grown under open sky and 70% shade during dry and rainy harvest season. Phytochemicals were affected by genotype, light level, harvest season, and fruit ripeness level. Phytochemicals number changed among genotypes: PIP > AMA> GAR. In immature fruits AMA (4.74 mg g-1) and GAR (3.83 mg g-1) had highest capsaicin content; and PIP (0.43 (g g-1), AMA (0.18 (g g-1) and GAR (0.14 (g g-1) in lutein content in all harvest seasons and light level conditions studied. In mature fruits, PIP had the highest capsaicin (5.77 mg g-1) and β-carotene (0.45 (g g-1) content. Gallic and syringic acids were major constituents of phenolics acids, and quercetin and rutin for flavonoids. Mature and immature fruits from 70% shade showed the quercetin highest content (108.4-160.02 (g g-1), increasing during dry season (180.9-1368.6 (g g-1). Gallic acid (789.3-1076.7 (g g-1) and rutin (114.0 (g g-1) increased in AMA immature fruits when grown under open sky. Ferulic acid was not detected in GAR under any of the conditions studied. In AMA, ferulic, protocatechuic and p-hydroxybenzoic acids were detected only in rainy season fruits in both light levels. The harvest season and shading level of these Capsicum spp. should be considered when evaluating the biological activity of chili peppers fruits extracts in tropical crops.

https://doi.org/10.4067/s0718-58392024000200211

Plant, bird, and mammal diversity of the Tomogrande field station, Vichada, Colombia
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Estrada-Villegas, Sergio

; Rivas, Luz Dary

; Barrera, John Fredy

; Barrera Rivas, Steven

; Correa, Diego F

; Argüello Bernal, Laura Sofía

; Aldana, Ana María

; Casa, Luisa Fernanda

; Lozano-Balcázar, Alejandro

; Gómez-Bahamón, Valentina

; Gómez, Camila

; Bayly, Nicholas

; Jahn, Alex E

; Quiñones, Antonio

; Corbett, Eamon C

; Castro, Francisco

; Stevenson, Pablo

Biota colombiana

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dec 2022, Volume 23 N. 2 elocation e1027

Abstract: Es En | Text: Es En | PDF: Es | PDF: En

Resumen La Altillanura es un ecosistema único de los Llanos colombianos, caracterizado por sabanas bien drenadas y grandes extensiones de bosques ribereños. La Altillanura alberga ricas comunidades poco estudiadas y actualmente amenazadas por la agroindustria a gran escala y no planificada. Además, el número de áreas protegidas públicas en la Altillanura no es suficiente para conservar los hábitats y especies amenazados. Por lo tanto, los esfuerzos de las reservas privadas son cruciales para la conservación de la biodiversidad de la región. Presentamos el primer listado de especies del Tomogrande, reserva natural privada y estación de investigación científica en el municipio de Santa Rosalía, Vichada, Colombia. Después de diez años de investigación en curso, hemos registrado 299 especies de plantas, 189 especies de aves y 47 especies de mamíferos. En comparación con otras reservas naturales privadas en Vichada y con el Parque Nacional Tuparro, el área protegida más grande de la región, Tomogrande hace una contribución sustancial a la conservación de los tres grupos taxonómicos. Abogamos por una mejor planificación del paisaje y que prácticas sostenibles sean obligatorias en la Altillanura, a fin de proteger su biodiversidad y los medios de vida de todos los actores que habitan esta región.

Abstract The Altillanura is a unique ecosystem within the Colombian Llanos, characterized by well-drained savannas and extensive riparian forests. The Altillanura harbors a rich assemblage of species, largely understudied and currently under threat by large-scale and unplanned agribusiness. Moreover, the number of public protected areas in the Colombian Llanos, particularly in the Altillanura, is insufficient to conserve the threatened habitats and species. Therefore, conservation efforts by private reserves are crucial for the protection of the region’s biodiversity. Here we present the first species list of the Tomogrande, a private nature reserve and scientific research field station in the municipality of Santa Rosalía, Vichada, Colombia. After ten years of ongoing research, we have recorded 299 species of plants, 189 species of birds, and 47 species of mammals. Compared to other private nature reserves in Vichada and the Tuparro National Park, the largest protected area in the region, Tomogrande makes a substantial contribution to the conservation of all three taxonomic groups. We advocate that better landscape planning and sustainable practices should become mandatory in the Altillanura to protect its biodiversity and the livelihoods of all stakeholders that inhabit this region.

https://doi.org/10.21068/2539200x.1027

Características clínicas y evolución de la infección por SARS-CoV-2 en pacientes con lupus eritematoso sistémico en Argentina: datos del registro nacional SAR-COVID
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Isnardi, Carolina Ayelén

; Roberts, Karen

; Tissera, Yohana

; Petkovic, Ingrid

; Berbotto, Guillermo

; Gobbi, Carla

; Tanten, Romina

; Cogo, Karina

; Asnal, Cecilia

; Baños, Andrea

; Vivero, Florencia

; Schmid, María Marcela

; Lázaro, María Alicia

; German, Noelia

; Takashima, Lorena

; Scafati, Julia

; Werner, Marina Laura

; Casalla, Luciana

; Matellan, Carla

; Castrillon, Diana M

; Rodríguez, Florencia

; Moyano, Sebastián

; Martín, María Luz

; Cosentino, Vanesa

; Herscovich, Natalia

; Tralice, Elda R

; Barbich, Tatiana

; Vásquez, Dora L

; Buschiazzo, Emilio

; Maid, Pablo

; Ledesma, Ana C

; Yohena, Víctor

; Gómez, Gimena

; Quintana, Rosana

; Pons-Estel, Guillermo J

Revista argentina de reumatología

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oct 2022, Volume 33 N. 4 Pages 188 - 198

Abstract: Es En | Text: Es En | PDF: Es | PDF: En

Resumen Introducción: el lupus eritematoso sistémico (LES) es una enfermedad sistémica que se ha asociado a mayor severidad con la infección por SARS-CoV-2. Particularmente la alta actividad de la enfermedad y algunos inmunosupresores se han vinculado a peores desenlaces. Objetivos: describir las características por SARS-CoV-2 en pacientes con LES en Argentina del registro SAR-COVID y establecer los factores asociados a peor desenlace de la misma. Materiales y métodos: estudio observacional. Se incluyeron pacientes con diagnóstico de LES con infección confirmada por SARS-CoV-2 (RT-PCR y/o serología positiva) del registro SAR-COVID. Los datos se recolectaron desde agosto de 2020 hasta marzo de 2022. El desenlace de la infección se midió mediante la escala ordinal de la Organización Mundial de la Salud (EO-OMS). Se definió COVID-19 severo con un valor EO-OMS ≥5. Análisis descriptivo, test T de Student, test de Mann Whitney U, ANOVA, chi2 y Fisher. Regresión logística múltiple. Resultados: se incluyeron 399 pacientes, el 93% de sexo femenino, con una edad media de 40,9 años (DE 12,2). El 39,6% tenía al menos una comorbilidad. Al momento de la infección, el 54,9% recibía glucocorticoides, el 30,8% inmunosupresores y el 3,3% agentes biológicos. La infección por SARS-CoV-2 fue leve en la mayoría de los casos, mientras que un 4,6% tuvo curso severo y/o falleció. Estos últimos presentaban comorbilidades, usaban glucocorticoides y tenían síndrome antifosfolipídico (SAF) con mayor frecuencia y mayor actividad de la enfermedad al momento de la infección. En el análisis multivariado, la hipertensión arterial, el diagnóstico de SAF y el uso de glucocorticoides se asociaron a hospitalización severa y/o muerte por COVID-19 (EO-OMS ≥5). Conclusiones: en esta cohorte de pacientes con LES con infección por SARS-CoV-2 confirmada, la mayoría cursó de manera sintomática, un 22,1% fue hospitalizado y un 5% requirió ventilación mecánica. La mortalidad fue cercana al 3%. El diagnóstico de SAF, tener hipertensión arterial y el uso de glucocorticoides se asociaron significativamente con COVID-19 severo.

Abstract Introduction: systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a systemic disease that has been associated with greater severity with SARS-CoV-2 infection. Particularly high disease activity and some immunosuppressants have been linked to worse outcomes. Objectives: to describe the characteristics due to SARS-CoV-2 in patients with SLE in Argentina from the SAR-COVID registry and to establish the factors associated with a worse outcome of the same. Materials and methods: observational study. Patients diagnosed with SLE with confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection (RT-PCR and/or positive serology) from the SAR-COVID registry were included. Data was collected from August 2020 to March 2022. The outcome of the infection was measured using the World Health Organization - ordinal scale (WHO-OS). Severe COVID-19 was defined as an WHO-OS value ≥5. Descriptive analysis, Student's T test, Mann Whitney U, ANOVA, chi2 and Fisher. Multiple logistic regression. Results: a total of 399 patients were included, 93% female, with a mean age of 40.9 years (SD 12.2), 39.6% had at least one comorbidity. At the time of infection, 54.9% were receiving glucocorticoids, 30.8% immunosuppressants, and 3.3% biological agents. SARS-CoV-2 infection was mild in most cases, while 4.6% had a severe course and/or died. The latter had comorbidities, used glucocorticoids and had antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) more frequently and higher disease activity at the time of infection. In the multivariate analysis, high blood pressure, the diagnosis of APS, and the use of glucocorticoids were associated with severe hospitalization and/or death from COVID-19 (WHO-EO ≥5). Conclusions: in this cohort of SLE patients with confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection, most had a symptomatic course, 22.1% were hospitalized, and 5% required mechanical ventilation. Mortality was close to 3%. The diagnosis of APS, having high blood pressure, and the use of glucocorticoids were significantly associated with severe COVID-19.

https://doi.org/10.47196/rar.v33i4.704

Validación de una escala de creencias sobre la adherencia al tratamiento con suplementos de hierro en madres de niños con anemia
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Caballero-Apaza, Luz M

; Vidal-Espinoza, Rubén

; Padilla-Cáceres, Tania C

; Gómez-Campos, Rossana

; Cossio-Bolaños, Marco

Nutrición Hospitalaria

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aug 2022, Volume 39 N. 4 Pages 888 - 895

Abstract: Es En | Text: Es En | PDF: Es | PDF: En

Resumen Introducción: la anemia en los niños puede provocar deficiencias cognitivas y motoras que pueden conducir a dificultades en el rendimiento académico y la resistencia física, afectando a la salud y el bienestar. Objetivo: desarrollar y validar una escala de creencias sobre la adherencia al tratamiento con suplemento de hierro en madres de niños con anemia (ECATSH) que viven en una región de altitud del Perú. Métodos: se efectuó un estudio transversal en 192 madres de niños con anemia que viven en una región de elevada altitud del Perú. Se utilizó el modelo de creencias de salud (MCS) para desarrollar y validar la ECATSH. Para la validez del contenido se utilizó el análisis de juicio de expertos (V de Aiken) y para la validez del constructo, el análisis factorial exploratorio. La confiabilidad se determinó por consistencia interna. Resultados: en la validez del contenido, la prueba V de Aiken reflejó valores concordantes para la pertinencia (0,60 a 0,90), relevancia (0,75 a 0,95), claridad (0,80 a 0,90) y la escala total (0,75 a 0,92). Los valores de la alfa de Cronbach por pregunta oscilaron desde α = 0,70 hasta 0,81, y para la escala total fue de α = 0,75. El análisis factorial exploratorio (AFE) reflejó valores de Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin (KMO) de 0,733, la prueba de esfericidad de Bartlett indicó un valor de 968,680 (p < 0,001). Los valores propios en las cinco dimensiones reflejaron valores desde 1,05 hasta 4,03. El porcentaje de la varianza para el factor 1 (beneficios = 33,58 %), factor 2 (gravedad = 12,61 %), factor 3 (señales de acción = 10,78 %), factor 4 (barreras = 8,07 %), factor 5 (susceptibilidad = 7,63 %) y total de la escala fue de 74,12 %. Conclusión: el MCS es una herramienta útil que permitió validar la escala de creencias sobre la adherencia al tratamiento con suplemento de hierro en madres de niños con anemia que viven a elevada altitud del Perú.

Abstract Introduction: anemia in children can cause cognitive and motor deficits that can lead to difficulties in academic performance, physical endurance, affecting health and well-being Objective: to develop and validate a scale of beliefs about adherence to iron supplementation treatment in mothers of children with anemia (SBAIST) living in a high altitude region of Peru. Methods: a cross-sectional study was conducted in 192 mothers of children with anemia living in a high altitude region of Peru. The Health Belief Model (HBM) was used to develop and validate the SBAIST. Expert judgment analysis (Aiken's V) was used for content validity and exploratory factor analysis for construct validity. Reliability was determined by internal consistency. Results: for content validity, Aiken's V test showed concordant values for relevance (0.60 to 0.90), relevance (0.75 to 0.95), clarity (0.80 to 0.90) and total scale (0.75 to 0.92). Cronbach's alpha values per question ranged from 〈 = 0.70 to 0.81, and for total scale was 〈 = 0.75. The exploratory factor analysis (EFA) reflected Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin (KMO) values of 0.733, Bartlett's test of sphericity indicated a value of 968.680 (p < 0.001). The eigenvalues in the five dimensions reflected values from 1.05 to 4.03. The percentage of variance for factor 1 (barriers = 33.58 %), factor 2 (severity = 12.61 %), factor 3 (action cues = 10.78 %), factor 4 (barriers = 8.07 %), factor 5 (susceptibility = 7.63 %), and for the total scale was 74.12 %. Conclusion: HBM is a useful tool that allowed validation of the scale of beliefs about adherence to iron supplementation treatment in mothers of children with anemia living at high altitude in Peru.

https://doi.org/10.20960/nh.03938

HIGH VALUES OF LIVER STIFFNESS PLAY AN IMPORTANT ROLE IN STRATIFYING THE RISK OF HEPATOCELLULAR CARCINOMA IN CIRRHOTIC HEPATITIS C PATIENTS
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REINOSO-PEREIRA, Gleicy Luz

; PARANAGUÁ-VEZOZZO, Denise Cerqueira

; MAZO, Daniel F

; FRANÇA, João Italo Dias

; ONO, Suzane Kioko

; CARRILHO, Flair José

Arquivos de Gastroenterologia

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jun 2022, Volume 59 N. 2 Pages 204 - 211

Abstract: Pt En | Text: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

RESUMO Contexto: O carcinoma hepatocelular (CHC) é o tumor maligno hepático mais comum, e a cirrose é o principal fator de risco para o seu desenvolvimento. Objetivo: Avaliar o papel da medição da rigidez hepática por elastografia transitória (ET) como fator de risco para ocorrência de CHC em uma coorte prospectiva de pacientes brasileiros com cirrose por vírus da hepatite C (VHC). Métodos: Um total de 99 pacientes com VHC e medida de rigidez hepática ≥12 kilopascals (kPa) foram incluídos consecutivamente, entre 2011 e 2016. As variáveis do baseline foram avaliadas e a ocorrência de CHC foi documentada. Os testes de Kaplan-Meier e log-rank, além das análises uni e multivariadas de Cox avaliaram a associação entre as variáveis e os resultados clínicos. Resultados: A média de idade foi de 57,8±10,6 anos. Vinte (20,2%) pacientes desenvolveram CHC, num período médio de seguimento de 3,3 anos. Na análise de regressão logística univariada, as variáveis associadas à ocorrência de CHC foram: contagem de plaquetas mais baixa (P=0,0446), valores séricos mais elevados de alfa-fetoproteína (P=0,0041) e de bilirrubina (P=0,0008), maior pontuação do escore MELD (P=0,0068) e valores mais altos de rigidez hepática por ET (P=0,0354). A medição da rigidez hepática por ET foi independentemente associada ao desenvolvimento de CHC, e o melhor valor de corte para maior risco de CHC foi >21,1kPa (HR: 5,548; IC95%: 1,244-24,766; P=0,025). Conclusão: Um alto valor de rigidez hepática está relacionado substancialmente a um risco aumentado de ocorrência de CHC em pacientes brasileiros com cirrose por HCV.

ABSTRACT Background: Evaluate the role of liver stiffness measurement (LSM) by transient elastography (TE) as a risk factor for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) occurrence in a prospective cohort of Brazilian hepatitis C virus (HCV) patients with cirrhosis. Methods: A cohort of 99 consecutive HCV patients was included between 2011 and 2016 with baseline LSM ≥12 kilopascals (kPa). Baseline variables were evaluated and HCC occurrence was documented. Kaplan-Meier methods with a log-rank test and the use of cox univariate and multivariate analysis assessed the association between variables and clinical results. Results: The mean age was 57.8±10.6 years. In a follow-up over a mean of 3.3 years, 20 (20.2%) patients developed HCC. In univariate logistic regression analysis, variables associated with HCC occurrence were: lower platelet count (P=0.0446), higher serum alpha-fetoprotein (P=0.0041) and bilirubin (P=0.0008) values, higher Model for End-Stage Liver Disease (MELD) score (P=0.0068) and higher LSM (P=0.0354). LSM evaluated by TE was independently associated with HCC development, and the best cut-off value for higher HCC risk was >21.1 kPa (HR: 5.548; 95%CI: 1.244-24.766; P=0.025). Conclusion: A high value of liver stiffness relates substantially to an increased risk for HCC occurrence in Brazilian patients with cirrhosis due to HCV.

https://doi.org/10.1590/s0004-2803.202202000-38

Caracterización inmunogenética de donantes cadavéricos cubanos en el año 2019
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Pérez Pérez, Marisol

; Lima Dorta, Adonis de Jesús

; Morera Barrios, Luz Mireya

; Figueras Suárez, Josefina del Pilar

; Valdés Coello, René

; Rodríguez Díaz, Enrique

; Guevara Urgellés, Luis Miguel

; García García, María de los Ángeles

; Chang Monteagudo, Arturo

Revista Cubana de Hematología, Inmunología y Hemoterapia

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jun 2022, Volume 38 N. 2 elocation e1533

Abstract: En Es | Text: En Es | PDF: En | PDF: Es

ABSTRACT Introduction: Transplantation is the most favorable therapeutic option for people with chronic renal failure. The donor can be a cadaveric or living donor, related or not. Transplant outcomes are related to various immunological and non-immunological factors. Objective: To characterize Cuban cadaveric donors for renal transplantation Materials and methods: A cross-sectional and descriptive study of cadaveric donors was carried out during the year 2019. The region of origin, sex, skin color and age ranges of the donors were analyzed, as well as ABO and Rhesus Rh blood groups; serology for HIV, Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) and Hepatitis C Virus (HCV), and toxic habits. Results: A total of 95 cadaveric donors were studied, 62 from the West and 33 from the Center of the country. 63.2% were male and 36.8% female due to the most frequent age group being 40-60 years and the mean age of 49.45 years. 58.95% of the patients were of blood group O, 30.53% group A and groups B and AB had 5.26% prevalence; and only 8 were Rh negative. All had negative serology for HIV, HBV and HCV. The most frequent associated diseases were arterial hypertension and diabetes mellitus. Conclusions: The cadaveric donors during the year 2019 showed characteristics similar to those reported by other studies. The increase in the age of the donors affects the appearance of associated diseases and this could affect the result of the transplant.

RESUMEN Introducción: El trasplante es la opción terapéutica más favorable para las personas con insuficiencia renal crónica. El donante puede ser cadavérico o donante vivo, emparentado o no. Los resultados del trasplante están en relación con varios factores inmunológicos y no inmunológicos. Objetivo: Caracterizar inmunogenéticamente a los donantes cadavéricos cubanos para trasplante renal. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio transversal y descriptivo de los donantes cadavéricos durante el año 2019. Se analizó la región de procedencia, sexo, color de la piel y rangos de edades de los donantes, así como, grupo sanguíneos ABO y Rhesus Rh; serología para VIH, Virus de hepatitis B(VHB) y Virus de hepatitis C (VHC); y hábitos tóxicos. Resultados: Se estudió un total de 95 donantes cadavéricos, 62 provenientes del occidente y 33 del centro del país. El 63,2 % fueron masculinos y 36,8 % femenino. El grupo de edad de mayor frecuencia fue 40 - 60 años y la edad media de 49,45 años. El 58,95 % de los pacientes fueron de grupo sanguíneo O; 30,53 % grupo A y los grupos B y AB tuvieron 5,26 % de prevalencia; y solo 8 fueron Rh negativos. Todos tuvieron serología para VIH, VHB y VHC negativas. Las enfermedades asociadas más frecuentes fueron la hipertensión arterial y la diabetes mellitus. Conclusiones: Los donantes cadavéricos durante el año 2019 mostraron características similares a las reportadas por otros estudios. El aumento de las edades de los donantes incide en la aparición de enfermedades asociadas y esto pudiera repercutir en el resultado del trasplante.

Morphoagronomic characterization of a germplasm collection of Furcraea spp. and Agave spp.
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Cano, Clara Inés Medina

; Vásquez, Nancy Yohana Grisales

; Orozco, Luz Fanny Orozco

; Ángel, Edwin Samir Barbosa

; Arcila, María Orfilia Vargas

; Torres, José Miguel Cotes

Revista Ceres

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may 2022, Volume 69 N. 3 Pages 283 - 293

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

ABSTRACT This work was carried out in Antioquia, Colombia, in a collection of the Furcraea and Agave genera, important in the country for manufacturing strings, sacks, geotextiles, and handicrafts Currently, to enhance its use, applications have been developed in textiles, biodegradable materials and thermo-acoustic insulation, among others. The aim of this study was to characterize phenotypically and agronomically 94 accessions. The variables were weighted according to the degree of discrimination; a dissimilarity dendrogram was constructed using UPGMA based on Gower's distance, and the cophenetic correlation coefficient was determined. Six groups were identified; on the one hand, the accessions of the Agave genus formed groups A and B, with and without spines, respectively, showing the highest elongation values. On the other hand, the Furcraea accessions formed groups C to F, with the highest average values of fiber per plant, allowing a first approach to identify promising clones for their use per se or utilized in plant breeding programs. This study represents an approach to knowing the morphological and agronomic variability of the collection and highlights the importance of maintaining the germplasm bank for ex situ conservation.

https://doi.org/10.1590/0034-737x202269030005

Relation of serum IL-32 levels and gene polymorphism rs45499297 with obesity in Mexican patients: a laboratory and in silico analysis
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Martínez-Pérez, Luz Andrea

; Becerra-Ruiz, Julieta Sarai

; García-Aviña, Juana Esther

; González-Sánchez, Grecia Denisse

; Martínez-Esquivias, Fernando

; Vázquez-Jiménez, Sonia Isela

; Ramírez-De los Santos, Saúl

; López-Pulido, Édgar Iván

; Guzmán-Flores, Juan Manuel

Nutrición Hospitalaria

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apr 2022, Volume 39 N. 2 Pages 313 - 319

Abstract: En Es | Text: En Es | PDF: En | PDF: Es

Abstract Background: many genes have been involved in the development of obesity. Interleukin 32 (IL-32) is a proinflammatory cytokine; rs45499297 is a T/C promoter, single-nucleotide polymorphism of the IL-32 gene. Objectives: this study aimed to evaluate the rs45499297 polymorphism and its association with obesity. Another objective of this study was to carry out an in silico analysis. Methods: this study was cross-sectional, and included 333 subjects classified by body mass index and fat percentage. The plasma glucose and lipid profile were measured. We measured serum IL-32 protein by ELISA and the rs45499297 polymorphism by PCR-RFLP. We used several databases to build the IL-32 gene network and infer transcription factors that bind to this polymorphic site. Results: subjects underweight and with low fat percentages had lower levels of IL-32. CT genotype and allele C were less frequent in the overweight/obesity group than in the normal-weight group. Interestingly, this result remained only in the male gender. We found that the transcription factors Hepatocyte Nuclear Factor and Specificity Protein 1 bind to this polymorphic site. In addition, we infer that IL-32 is involved in metabolic pathways related to viral infections. Conclusion: the TC genotype is associated with overweight/obesity. The decrease in levels of IL-32 observed in underweight and low fat percentage groups could be due to an impaired inflammatory profile. The in silico analysis showed that several transcriptional factors bind at this polymorphic site, and that the enrichment of the metabolic pathways is diverse.

Resumen Introducción: la interleucina 32 es una citocina proinflamatoria. El rs45499297 es un polimorfismo de nucleótido simple del gen de IL-32, situado en la región promotora y caracterizado por un cambio de T/C. Objetivo: evaluar el polimorfismo rs45499297 y su asociación con la obesidad, y realizar un análisis in silico. Métodos: el estudio fue transversal e incluyó 333 sujetos clasificados por índice de masa corporal y porcentaje de grasa. Se midieron la glucosa y el perfil lipídico, así como los niveles séricos de IL-32 mediante ELISA y el genotipo del polimorfismo rs45499297 mediante PCR-RFLP. Para el análisis in silico se utilizaron varias bases de datos para hacer la red de genes de IL-32 e inferir factores de transcripción unidos al sitio polimórfico. Resultados: los sujetos con bajo peso y bajo porcentaje de grasa tienen niveles más bajos de IL-32. El genotipo TC y el alelo C se encontraron con menos frecuencia en los sujetos con sobrepeso/obesidad que en los normopeso, resultado que permaneció solo en el género masculino. Se encontró que el factor nuclear de los hepatocitos y la proteína de especificidad 1 se unen a este sitio polimórfico. Se infiere que IL-32 está involucrado en vías metabólicas relacionadas con las infecciones virales. Conclusión: el genotipo TC está asociado al sobrepeso/la obesidad. La disminución de los niveles de IL-32 observada en los sujetos con bajo peso y bajo porcentaje de grasa podría ser por un perfil inflamatorio alterado. El análisis in silico mostró que varios factores de transcripción se unen al sitio polimórfico y que el enriquecimiento de las vías metabólicas es diverso.

https://doi.org/10.20960/nh.03804

Integrative taxonomy reveals a new species of Cyphocharax (Characiformes: Curimatidae) from the Upper Paraíba do Sul River basin, Brazil
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Dutra, Guilherme Moreira

; Vita, George

; Gentile, Péricles Vinícius

; Ochoa, Luz Eneida

; Netto-Ferreira, Andre Luiz

Neotropical Ichthyology

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2022, Volume 20 N. 3 elocation e220017

Abstract: Pt En | Text: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

Resumo Uma nova espécie de Cyphocharax é descrita do alto rio Paraíba do Sul, São Paulo, Brasil, baseada em dados morfológicos e moleculares integrados. A espécie se distingue morfologicamente de seus congêneres por: apresentar uma mancha escura arredondada na porção média do pedúnculo caudal, não se estendendo à porção proximal dos raios medianos da nadadeira caudal, 19–20 escamas circunpedunculares, 34–41 escamas perfuradas na linha lateral, 6–7 escamas acima e abaixo da linha lateral, altura do corpo correspondendo à 34,7–39,9% do comprimento padrão (CP), e a altura do pedúnculo caudal correspondendo a 13,3–15,2% do CP. As menores distâncias genéticas entre a espécie nova e outras congêneres são: 2,5% de C gilbert, seguida de 3,0% de C. santacatarinae, e 3,2% de C. aff. gilbert. Todos os critérios de delimitação de espécies aqui empregados corroboraram o reconhecimento da nova espécie. Adicionalmente, comentários sobre seu estado de conservação são fornecidos.

Abstract A new species of Cyphocharax is described from the Upper Paraíba do Sul River basin, São Paulo, Brazil based on integrated morphological and molecular delimitation criteria. It is morphologically distinguished from its congeners by the presence of a round, dark blotch at the midlength of the caudal peduncle not extending to the proximal portions of the median caudal-fin rays, 19–20 circumpeduncular scales, 34–41 perforated lateral-line scales, 6–7 longitudinal scale rows above and below the lateral line, greatest body depth corresponding to 34.7–39.9% of standard length (SL), and the caudal peduncle depth corresponding to 13.3–15.2% of SL. The lowest genetic distances between the new species and other congeners are: 2.5% from C. gilbert, followed by 3.0% from C. santacatarinae, and 3.2% from C. aff. gilbert. All species delimitation criteria employed herein corroborated the recognition of the new species. In addition, comments on its conservation status are provided.

https://doi.org/10.1590/1982-0224-2022-0017

10.

Short-term amendment of biosolid on agricultural soil: effects on C and N mineralization and microbial activity
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Medina-Herrera, Miriam del Rocío

; Negrete-Rodríguez, María de la Luz Xochilt

; Bedolla-Rivera, Héctor Iván

; Prieto-Rojas, Manuel Alberto

; Conde-Barajas, Eloy

Acta universitaria

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2022, Volume 32 elocation e2433

Abstract: Es En | Text: Es En | PDF: Es | PDF: En

Resumen La adición de biosólidos a suelos agrícolas puede ayudar a mejorar la calidad de dichos suelos mediante un mayor almacenamiento de C y N. Se realizó un estudio para analizar el impacto a corto plazo de la adición de biosólidos en la liberación de nutrientes y la actividad microbiana en el suelo. Se evaluó el C de la biomasa microbiana (MB-C), la actividad ureasa (UA) y la mineralización de N y C a diferentes dosis de aplicación de biosólidos (0 mg, 100 mg y 200 mg de N-NH4 + kg-1). Además, se probó un tratamiento solo con biosólidos. Se observó un aumento en la mineralización de C y N, volatilización de NH3 y contenido de MB-C, conforme a la tasa de aplicación. La UA aumentó en promedio 100% en los primeros siete días de incubación para los tratamientos de biosólidos. Estos resultados sugieren una mejora en el contenido de nutrientes y una estimulación positiva de la actividad microbiana.

Abstract Adding biosolids to agricultural soils can improve its quality through increased storage of C and N. A study to analyze the short-term impact of the addition of biosolids on the release of nutrients and the microbial activity in agricultural soil was carried out. The microbial biomass C (MB-C), urease activity (UA), and mineralization of N and C at different application rates of biosolids were evaluated (0 mg, 100mg and 200 mg of N-NH4 + kg-1). In addition, a biosolid-only treatment was tested. It was observed an increase in C and N mineralization, NH3 volatilization, and MB-C content, according to the application rate of biosolids. In biosolid treatments, UA increased 100% on average in the first seven days of incubation. These results suggest that the nutrient content in the soil is improved and microbial activity is positively stimulated.

https://doi.org/10.15174/au.2022.2433

11.

Clinical and Obstetric Aspects of Pregnant Women with COVID-19: A Systematic Review
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Bastos, Sarah Nilkece Mesquita Araújo Nogueira

; Barbosa, Bárbara Louise Freire

; Cruz, Larisse Giselle Barbosa

; Souza, Rayza Pereira de

; Melo, Simone Santos e Silva

; Luz, Caroline Camargo Bandeira da Silveira

Revista Brasileira de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia

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dec 2021, Volume 43 N. 12 Pages 949 - 960

Abstract: Pt En | Text: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

Resumo Objetivo Analisar os aspectos clínicos e obstétricos de gestantes com COVID-19. Métodos Revisão sistemática da literatura nas bases: MEDLINE/PubMed, LILACS, SCIELO e CNKI, realizada de março a maio de 2020, com os descritores Pregnancy; 2019-nCov; Coronavirus; SARS-Cov-2, Covid-19. Elegeram-se títulos originais, sem restrição de idioma e período e que abordassem gestantes com diagnóstico clínico e/ou laboratorial de COVID-19. Excluíram-se revisões, editoriais, títulos duplicados. As escalas de Newcastle-Ottawa (NOS, na sigla em inglês) e a de Murad et al. foram utilizadas para avaliar a qualidade dos estudos. Resultados Foram incluídos 34 artigos com 412 gestantes infectadas pela síndrome respiratória aguda grave (SARS-Cov, na sigla em inglês) com idade média de 27,5 anos e média de 36,0 semanas gestacionais. O sintoma mais incidente foi a febre (49,7%;205). e 89 (21,6%) gestantes evoluíram para pneumonia viral grave. Os exames laboratoriais demonstraram aumento da proteína C reativa (37,8%; 154) e os radiológicos mostraram pneumonia com padrão em vidro fosco periférico (51,4%; 172). O parto cesáreo de emergência foi indicado para a maior parte das gestantes, e a complicação gestacional mais comum foi a ruptura prematura de membranas ovulares (3,4%; 14). Foram detectados 2 (0,5%) mortes neonatais, 2 (0,5%) natimortos, e 1 (0,2%) morte materna. Conclusão Gestantes com doença coronavírus (COVID-19, na sigla em inglês apresentaram quadro clínico semelhante a gestantes não infectadas, com poucas repercussões obstétricas ou neonatais. Houve uma maior indicação de partos cesáreos antes do agravamento da doença e não se observaram evidências de transmissão vertical da infecção.

Abstract Objective To analyze the clinical and obstetric aspects of pregnant women with COVID-19. Methods A systematic literature review in the MEDLINE/PubMed, LILACS, SCIELO, and CNKI databases was performed from March to May 2020, with the descriptors: Pregnancy; 2019-nCov; Coronavirus; SARS-Cov-2, Covid-19. Of those chosen were original titles, without language and period restriction and that addressed pregnant women with a clinical and/or laboratory diagnosis of COVID-19. Revisions, editorials, and duplicate titles were excluded. The Newcastle-Ottawa (NOS) and Murad et al. scales were used to assess the quality of the studies. Results We included 34 articles with 412 pregnant women infected with severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS-Cov-2), with an average age of 27.5 years of age and 36.0 gestational weeks. The most common symptom was fever (205 [49.7%]), and 89 (21.6%) pregnant women progressed to severe viral pneumonia. Laboratory tests showed an increase in C-reactive protein (154 [37.8%]), and radiological tests showed pneumonia with peripheral ground-glass pattern (172 [51.4%]). Emergency cesarean delivery was indicated for most pregnant women, and the most common gestational complication was premature rupture of ovarian membranes (14 [3.4%;]). We detected 2 (0.5%) neonatal deaths, 2 (0.5%) stillbirths, and 1 (0.2%) maternal death. Conclusion Pregnant women with COVID-19 presented a clinical picture similar to that of non-infected pregnant women, with few obstetric or neonatal repercussions. There was a greater indication of cesarean deliveries before the disease aggravated, and there was no evidence of vertical transmission of the infection.

https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0041-1733913

12.

Proceso enfermero en neonato con retraso en la recuperación quirúrgica por atresia duodenal
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Sánchez-Juárez, Itzel Andrea

; Avila-Arroyo, María Luz de

; Tenahua-Quitl, Inés

; Torres-Reyes, Alejandro

Sanus

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dec 2021, Volume 6 elocation e189

Abstract: Pt En Es | Text: Pt En Es | PDF: Pt | PDF: En | PDF: Es

Abstrato Introdução: A atresia duodenal é uma malformação congênita onde uma anormalida de anatômicaou funcional causa a falha do trânsito intestinal normal. O tratamento de escolha é o reparo cirúrgico, que visa restaurar a continuidade intestinal. Os recém-nascidos submetidos a esse tipo de procedimento a presentam alta morbidade associada a complicações cirúrgicas, sepse e deiscência da ferida cirúrgica. Objetivo: Implementar o processo de enfermagem mediante o uso das Taxonomias NANDA, NOC, NIC e GPC que contribua a o manejo do recém-nascido com atraso narecuperação cirúrgica por atresia duodenal. Metodologia: Foi abordada por meio de umestudo de caso no qual o processo de enfermagemfoi aplicado, á avaliaçãofoi realizada pelos padrõesfuncionais de saúde de Marjory Gordon, foram priorizados os padrões alterados e foram identificadas ás etiquetas de diagnóstico. Apresentação do caso: Neonato de 22 dias de vida extra-uterina, nesceu de 38.5 SDG de um hospital público, pós-operatória de plastia intestinal, tinhauma ferida cirúrgicadeiscente e infetada. Apresentousinais de dor aguda e complicaçõesnamotilidade gastrointestinal como a distensão abdominal e resíduo gástrico. Os resultados do diagnóstico auxiliar mostraram trombocitopenia e aumento da proteína C reativa. Conclusão: A hierarquia dos padrõesfuncionaisafetados, permitiu realizar á execução de um plano de cuidados e atender àsrespostas humanas que o neonato apresentou, através de intervençõesbaseadas em evidências científicas.

Abstract Introduction: Duodenal atresia is a congenital malformation where a functional or anatomic abnormality causes normal intestinal motility’s disorders. The definitive treatment includes a surgical repair, whose main goal is to recover the intestinal continuity. Neonates treated with this kind of procedures have a high morbidity associated to surgical complications, sepsis, and dehiscence of surgical wound. Objective: Implement the nursing process by using the NANDA, NOC, NIC, and GPC taxonomies in order to contribute to the management of the newborn with delayed surgical recovery from duodenal atresia. Methodology: It was addressed through a case study in which the stages of the nursing process were implemented; the assessment was done by patterns functional health of Marjory Gordon, the altered patterns were prioritized and diagnosis labels were identified. Case presentation: 22-day old neonate extrauterine, was born from 38.5 SDG in a public hospital, post operated on intestinal plasty; the neonate had a dehiscent and infected surgical wound. The neonate showed signs of acute pain and gastrointestinal motility complications such as bloating and gastric residue. Auxiliary diagnosis results showed thrombocytopenia and increased C reactive protein. Conclusion: The hierarchical organization of the affected functional patterns allowed executing a care plan and taking care of the needs of the neonate, all of that through interventions sustained on scientific evidence.

Resumen Introducción: La atresia duodenal, es una malformación congénita donde una anormalidad anatómica o funcional ocasiona la falla del tránsito intestinal normal. El tratamiento de elección es la reparación quirúrgica, que tiene como objetivo restablecer la continuidad intestinal. Los neonatos sometidos a este tipo de procedimientos tienen alta morbilidad asociada a complicaciones quirúrgicas, sepsis y dehiscencia de herida quirúrgica. Objetivo: Implementar el proceso enfermero mediante el uso de las Taxonomías NANDA, NOC, NIC y GPC para contribuir al manejo del neonato con retraso en la recuperación quirúrgica por atresia duodenal. Metodología: Se abordó a través de un estudio de caso en el que se implementaron las etapas del proceso enfermero, la valoración se realizó por patrones funcionales de salud de Marjory Gordon, se priorizaron los patrones alterados e identificaron etiquetas diagnósticas. Presentación del caso: Neonato de 22 días de vida extrauterina, nació de 38.5 SDG de un hospital público, post-operada de plastia intestinal, tenía una herida quirúrgica dehiscente e infectada. Presentó signos de dolor agudo y complicaciones en la motilidad gastrointestinal como distención abdominal y residuo gástrico. Los resultados auxiliares de diagnóstico mostraron trombocitopenia y aumento de la proteína C reactiva. Conclusión: La jerarquización de los patrones funcionales afectados, permitió realizar la ejecución de un plan de cuidados y atender las respuestas humanas que el neonato presentó, a través de intervenciones sustentadas en evidencia científica.

https://doi.org/10.36789/sanus.vi1.189 248 downloads

13.

C-terminal Motifs of HIV-1 gp41 as Possible Determinants of Viral Pathogenesis
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Narváez-Pardo, Jorge Andrés

; Villarreal Camacho, José-Luis

; Varela Prieto, Lourdes Luz

; Cervantes-Acosta, Guillermo

Revista Med

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dec 2021, Volume 29 N. 2 Pages 107 - 120

Abstract: Pt En Es | Text: Pt En Es | PDF: Pt | PDF: En | PDF: Es

Resumo: o vírus da imunodeficiência humana tipo 1 (HIV-1) é o agente etiológico da síndrome da imunodeficiência adquirida (AUXILIA), urna pandemia com elevados custos económicos e sociais. A glicoproteína do envelope (ENV) do vírus media o processo infeccioso ligando-se e entrando na célula hospedeira, um dos principais componentes alvo dos estudos desde sua descoberta. Seu endo domínio ou cauda C-terminal (CTT) participa de processos do ciclo replicativo tardio, como tráfego intracelular, ativação e morte celular, que ocorre porque interage com múltiplos fatores celulares por meio de motivos ou sequências-sinal presentes em toda a sua estrutura. Embora essas interações não tenham sido totalmente compreendidas em níveis específicos, estudos ao longo de mais de três décadas não deixam dúvidas de que esse domínio desempenha um papel fundamental na biologia do vírus e provavelmente no desenvolvimento da doença. Esta revisão descreve os estudos realizados até o momento que demonstram a importância da CTT, com foco nos motivos responsáveis por suas interações e seus possíveis papéis na patogenicidade da infecção.

Abstract: human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) is the etiological agent of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), a pandemic with high economic and social costs. The envelope glycoprotein (ENV) of the virus mediates the infectious process by binding to and entering the host cell, one of the main target components of studies since its discovery. Its endodomain or C-terminal tail (CTT) participates in late replicative cycle processes, such as intracellular trafficking, activation, and cell death, which occurs because it interacts with multiple cellular factors through motifs or signal sequences present throughout its structure. Although these interactions have not been fully understood at specific levels, studies over more than three decades leave no doubtthatthis domain plays a fundamental role in the biology of the virus and probably the development of the disease. This review describes the studies carried out to date that demonstrate the importance of the CTT, focusing on the motifs responsible for its interactions and its possible roles in the pathogenicity of the infection.

Resumen: el virus de la inmunodeficiencia humana tipo 1 (VIH-1) es el agente etiológico del síndrome de inmunodeficiencia adguirida (SIDA), una pandemia con altos costos económicos y sociales. La glicoproteína de la envoltura (ENV) del virus media el proceso infeccioso al unirse a la célula huésped y entrar en ella, uno de los principales componentes objetivo de los estudios desde su descubrimiento. Su endodominio o cola C-terminal (CTT) participa en procesos tardíos del ciclo replicativo, como tráfico intracelular, activación y muerte celular, lo que ocurre porque interactúa con múltiples factores celulares a través de motivos o secuencias señal presentes en toda su estructura. Aunque estas interacciones no se han entendido completamente a niveles específicos, los estudios durante más de tres décadas no dejan dudas de que este campo juega un papel fundamental en la biología del virus y probablemente en el desarrollo de la enfermedad. Esta revisión describe los estudios realizados hasta la fecha que demuestran la importancia de la CTT, centrándose en los motivos responsables de sus interacciones y sus posibles roles en la patogenicidad de la infección.

https://doi.org/10.18359/rmed.5850

14.

Sentinel surveillance for bacterial pneumonia and meningitis in children under the age of 5 in a tertiary pediatric hospital in Colombia - 2016
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Camacho-Moreno, Germán

; Duarte, Carolina

; García, Diego

; Calderón, Viviana

; Maldonado, Luz Yanet

; Castellar, Liliana

; Moreno, Jaime

; Palacios, Jacqueline

; Gallego, Ángela

; Castillo, Orlando

; Sanabria, Olga

; Talavera, Ivy

; Montoya, Rubén

Biomédica

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oct 2021, Volume 41 Suppl. 2 Pages 62 - 75

Abstract: Es En | Text: Es En | PDF: Es | PDF: En

Resumen: Introducción. La neumonía y la meningitis bacterianas son enfermedades inmunoprevenibles; la vigilancia centinela aporta información relevante acerca de su comportamiento. Objetivo. Presentar los resultados de la vigilancia centinela de neumonía y meningitis llevada a cabo en la HOMI, Fundación Hospital Pediátrico La Misericordia. Materiales y métodos. Se hizo un estudio descriptivo entre el 1 de enero y el 31 diciembre del 2016, de la vigilancia diaria de pacientes menores de 5 años con diagnóstico de neumonía o meningitis bacteriana, según las definiciones de la Organización Panamericana de la Salud (OPS). Los microorganismos fueron identificados usando el sistema automatizado VITEK TM2. Los aislamientos se enviaron al grupo de microbiología del Instituto Nacional de Salud para confirmación, serotipificación, y caracterización genotípica y fenotípica. Asimismo, se establecieron los perfiles de sensibilidad antimicrobiana. Resultados. De 1.343 casos sospechosos de neumonía bacteriana, 654 (48,7 %) fueron probables, el 84 % tenía el esquema de vacunación completo para la edad contra Haemophilus influenzae de tipo b, y el 87 %, contra neumococo. En 619 (94,6 %) pacientes se hizo hemocultivo y 41 (6,6 %) fueron positivos. S. pneumoniae se aisló en 17 (41 %) casos. El serotipo más frecuente fue el 19A, en cinco pacientes (29,4 %), en tanto que cuatro aislamientos de spn19A fueron relacionados con el clon ST320. La tasa de incidencia de neumonía bacteriana probable fue de 7,3 casos/100 pacientes hospitalizados. La letalidad fue de 2,1 %. Hubo 22 casos sospechosos de meningitis bacteriana, 12 (54 %) probables, y cuatro (33 %) confirmados: dos por Escherichia coli y dos por Neisseria meningitidis del grupo C. La incidencia de meningitis bacteriana probable fue de 0,14/100 pacientes hospitalizados. Conclusión. Los serotipos 19A y 3 de S. pneumoniae fueron la causa más frecuente de neumonía. El Spn19A se relacionó con el clon ST320 mulitirresistente. El fortalecimiento continuo de la vigilancia centinela permitirá entender el impacto de la vacunación.

Abstract: Introduction: Bacterial pneumonia and meningitis are vaccine-preventable diseases. Sentinel surveillance provides relevant information about their behavior. Objective: To present the data from sentinel surveillance carried out at the Fundación HOMI, Fundación Hospital Pediátrico La Misericordia in 2016. Materials and methods: We conducted a descriptive study from January 1 to December 31, 2016, on the daily surveillance of patients under 5 years of age diagnosed with pneumonia or bacterial meningitis according to PAHO's definitions. We identified the microorganisms using the automated VITEKTM 2 system. Bacterial isolates were sent to the Microbiology Group at the Colombian Instituto Nacional de Salud for confirmation, serotyping, phenotypic, and genotypic characterization. Antimicrobial susceptibility profiles were established. Results: From 1,343 suspected cases of bacterial pneumonia, 654 (48.7%) were probable, 84% had complete Hib vaccination schedules, and 87% had complete pneumococcal vaccination schedules for age. Blood culture was taken in 619 (94.6%) and 41 (6.6%) were positive while S. pneumoniae was isolated in 17 (41%) of them. The most frequent serotype was 19A in five cases (29.4%), and four 19A serotypes were associated with the reference isolate ST320. The incidence rate of probable bacterial pneumonia was 7.3 cases/100 hospitalized patients, and lethality was 2.1%. As for bacterial meningitis, 22 suspected cases were reported, 12 (54%) were probable, four (33%) were confirmed: two by Escherichia coli and two by group C N. meningitidis. The incidence of probable bacterial meningitis was 0.14 cases/100 hospitalized patients. Conclusion: Streptococcus pneumoniae serotypes 19A and 3 were the most frequent cause of pneumonia. Spn19A is related to the multi-resistant clone ST320. Strengthening and continuing this strategy will allow understanding the impact of vaccination.

https://doi.org/10.7705/biomedica.5658 23 downloads

15.

Seroprevalence and risk factors associated with bovine leukemia virus (BLV) seropositivity in cattle herds from Ecuador
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Saa, Luis R

; Guzmán, Lucía T

; Fierro, Natacha C

; Castro, Luz M

; Reyes-Bueno, Fabián

; Carbonero, Alfonso

Revista Colombiana de Ciencias Pecuarias

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- Sobre o periódico
- SciELO Analytics

sep 2021, Volume 34 N. 3 Pages 177 - 188

Abstract: Es Pt En | Text: Es Pt En | PDF: Es | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

Resumen Antecedentes: El virus de la leucosis bovina (BLV) es el principal agente etiológico causante de la leucosis enzoótica bovina (EBL). Esta enfermedad afecta a los bovinos causando grandes pérdidas económicas a los productores. Objetivo: Establecer la seroprevalencia y dispersión del BLV, así como los factores de riesgo asociados a la seropositividad en explotaciones lecheras y de doble propósito en Ecuador. Métodos: Se recolectó un total de 2.668 muestras de suero de 386 explotaciones. Se aplicó un cuestionario que incluyó variables relacionadas con la salud del hato, medidas de manejo, y características ambientales de cada explotación. Para los análisis serológicos se utilizó un test inmunológico ligado a enzimas (ELISA). Para definir los factores de riesgo asociados a la seropositividad a BLV se desarrolló un modelo utilizando ecuaciones de estimación generalizadas (GEE). Resultados: La seroprevalencia de BLV en Ecuador fue de 17,3% (IC95% = 15,86-18,74%). La dispersión fue de 37,8% (IC95%= 33,0-42,6%), y la prevalencia intra-hato alcanzó rangos entre 12,5-100% (media: 37,5%). Los factores de riesgo asociados a la seropositividad a BLV fueron: inseminación artificial (OR: 2,215; IC95% = 1,402-3,501), piso de concreto (OR: 2,178; IC95% = 1,217-3,889), presencia de rumiantes salvajes (OR: 2,998; IC95% = 1,788-5,027), y temporada de muestreo (húmeda; OR: 1,996; IC95% = 1,140-3,497). Conclusiones: Los resultados indican que el BLV se encuentra disperso en las explotaciones de Ecuador. Adicionalmente, se sugiere la implementación de un programa de control para la lucha contra el BLV, debiéndose considerar medidas que se enfoquen al control de los factores de riesgo identificados en esta investigación.

Resumo Antecedentes: O vírus da leucemia bovina (BLV) é o principal agente causador da leucose enzoótica bovina (EBL). Esta doença afeta o gado causando graves prejuízos econômicos aos produtores. Objetivo: Estabelecer a soroprevalência e dispersão do BLV, assim como os fatores de risco associados à soropositividade nas produções leiteiras e de duplo propósito no Equador. Métodos: Um total de 2.668 amostras de soro de 386 explorações foram coletadas. Foi aplicado um questionário que incluía variáveis relacionadas à saúde do rebanho, medidas de manejo e ambiente para cada exploração. Para a análise sorológica foi utilizado um teste imunológico sobre enzimas (ELISA) para determinação da soropositividade. Para definir os fatores de risco associados à soropositividade a BLV, foi utilizado um modelo de equações estimativas generalizadas (GEE). Resultados: A soroprevalência de BLVno Equador é de 17,3% (IC95% = 15,86-18,74%). La dispersão de 37,8% (IC95% = 33,0-42,6%), e a prevalência intra-rebanho alcançou entre 12,5-100% (media: 37,5%). Os fatores de risco associados à soropositividade a BLV foram inseminação artificial (OR: 2,215; IC95% = 1,402-3,501), chão de concreto (OR: 2,178; IC95% = 1,217-3,889), presença de ruminantes selvagens (OR: 2,998; IC95% = 1,788-5,027) e época da amostragem (úmida; OR: 1,996; IC95% = 1,140-3,497). Conclusões: Os resultados indicam que o BLV se encontra disseminado nas explorações no Equador. Adicionalmente, o estudo pode contribuir para a implementação de um programa de controle para a luta contra o BLV, devendo-se considerar ações de controle dos fatores de risco identificados nesta investigação.

Abstract Background: Bovine leukemia virus (BLV) is the causative agent of enzootic bovine leukosis (EBL). This disease mainly affects cattle, causing severe economic losses to producers. Objective: To establish individual and herd seroprevalence and determine the risk factors associated with BLV seropositivity for dairy and dual-purpose cattle herds in Ecuador. Methods: A total of 2,668 serum samples from 386 herds were collected. A questionnaire, including variables related to cattle health, management and the environment was completed by each herd. A commercial blocking enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) test was used to determine seropositivity. A generalized estimating equation model (GEE) was developed to determine the factors associated with BLV seropositivity. Results: Individual seroprevalence of BLV infection in Ecuador was 17.3% (CI95% = 15.86-18.74%). Herd prevalence was 37.8% (CI95% = 33.0-42.6%), and intra-herd prevalence ranged between 12.5 and 100% (median: 37.5%). The risk factors associated with BLV seropositivity were artificial insemination (OR: 2,215; CI95% =1.402-3.501), concrete floors (OR: 2.178; CI95% = 1.217-3.889), presence of wild ruminants (OR: 2.998; CI95% = 1.788-5.027), and sampling season (wet; OR: 1.996; CI95% = 1.140-3.497). Conclusions: Results indicate that BLV is widespread in cattle herds in Ecuador. In addition, the study suggests that a control program to fight BLV infection should focus on controlling the risk factors identified.

https://doi.org/10.17533/udea.rccp.v34n3a01 15 downloads

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