Resumen ¿Qué factores afectan la convivencia familiar? A partir de esta interrogante se realiza un estudio cualitativo con diseño micro etnográfico (Creswell, 2005), con el objetivo de analizar los aspectos no favorecedores de la convivencia entre un grupo de estudiantes que cursa el quinto grado en una escuela primaria y sus respectivas madres y padres de una comunidad de la región centro de México. Para la obtención de los datos se emplearon dos tipos de observación: sistemática y participante; además de la entrevista, la encuesta (cuestionarios con preguntas abiertas para padres, madres y alumnado), fichas de juegos y el diario de campo. La información obtenida fue analizada a través de la codificación directa y axial, que se integró como unidad de análisis la convivencia entre padres y madres con hijos e hijas, y cinco categorías surgidas desde el abordaje inductivo. El estudio se sustenta en la teoría sociocultural de Vygotsky (1933, citado en Meece, 2001), es decir, aprender a través de la interacción, en la teoría de la dinámica infantil de Buytendijik (1935) y en la teoría del excedente energético de Herbert Spencer (1855, estás últimas teorías citadas en Gallardo-López y Gallardo-Vázquez, 2018). El uso de juegos tradicionales como recurso pedagógico en la clase de educación física contribuyó a establecer un vínculo de trabajo en la escuela y en casa entre madres, padres, hijas e hijos, además de favorecer la interacción familiar y el gasto energético preferentemente en la población preadolescente. En el estudio se utilizaron diferentes juegos tradicionales de México; se finalizó con una feria denominada Los juegos de mi abuelo. Los resultados dan a conocer que los factores que afectan la convivencia entre quienes integran la familia del grupo en estudio son la escasa comunicación, limitado uso del tiempo libre, indiferencia por el aprendizaje, responsabilidad laboral por parte de las madres y los padres, y uso excesivo de aparatos electrónicos de las personas preadolescentes.

Abstract A qualitative study was conducted to determine factors that impacted family coexistence. The study used a microethnographic design (Creswell, 2005) to examined aspects that did not benefit coexistence among a group of fifth grade students in Central Mexico and their parents. Data was collected through interviews, systematic and participant observation, a survey, which included open questions both for parents and students, a game card and a field diary. The data obtained was analyzed through direct and axial coding which included parent-child coexistence as a unit of analysis according to five categories arising from an inductive approach. The study is based on the sociocultural theory of Vygotsky (1933, cited in Meece, 2001) on learning through interaction, Byutendijik´s (1935) theory of child dynamics and the energy surplus theory by Herbert Spencer (1855, the latter cited in Gallardo-López and Gallardo-Vázquez, 2018). Use of traditional games as a pedagogical resource during P.E. class, served to strenghten the bond between parents and their children. It also promoted greater family interaction and energy expenditure, particularly among preteenagers. Various traditional Mexican games were used in the study, concluding with a fair called Games Played by My Grandfather. Some of the factors that were found to negatively impact the coexistence of the family group studied include poor communication, limited use of free time, indifference to learning, Parent responsiblities at work and excessive use of electronic devices.

RESUMO O objetivo deste estudo foi realizar o controle de qualidade do concentrado de hemácias após a padronização das etapas de produção do sangue. Para isso, realizou-se separação de hemocomponentes para obtenção de concentrado de hemácias, armazenamento das bolsas de sangue e avaliação da qualidade delas. Os valores médios (± DP) do volume, do volume globular, da hemoglobina e do percentual de hemólise do concentrado de hemácias foram: 299,77±30,08mL, 60,87±2,60%, 20,57±0,93g/DL e 0,09±0,07%, respectivamente. Os valores médios (± DP) do volume globular, da hemoglobina total percentual de hemólise e da hemoglobina por unidade de concentrado de hemácias após o período de armazenamento (8,83±6,73 dias) foram: 57,55±3,01%, 20,30±0,89 0,20±0,12%, 60,90±7,65. As bolsas de concentrado de hemácias ficaram dentro dos parâmetros de controle de qualidade estabelecidos pela legislação do Ministério da Saúde em humanos e possibilitaram concluir que a padronização das etapas de produção do sangue envolve desde a seleção de doadores até o final do armazenamento e é necessária para produzir concentrado de hemácias com qualidade. O controle de qualidade visa encontrar possíveis falhas nos procedimentos para que estas possam ser reparadas, aumentando, assim, a segurança transfusional.

ABSTRACT The objective of this study was to perform a quality control assessment of red blood cells after standardization of the blood production stages. For this purpose, separation of the blood components to obtain red blood cells, the storage of the blood packets and an evaluation of blood quality were performed. The mean (± SD) volume, globular volume, hemoglobin and hemolysis percentage of the red blood cell concentrate were 299.77±30.08mL, 60.87±2.60%, 20.57±0.93g/DL and 0.09±0.07%, respectively. The means (± SD) of the volume, globular volume, total hemoglobin percentage of hemolysis and hemoglobin per unit of packed red blood cells after the storage period (8.83±6.73 days) were 57.55±3.01%, 20.30±0.89 0, 20±0.12%, and 60.90±7.65. The red blood cell packets were within the parameters of quality control established by Health Ministry legislation in humans and allow us to conclude that the standardization of blood production stages involves the selection of donors until the end of storage and is necessary to produce quality red blood cells. Quality control aims to find possible flaws in the procedures to be repaired, increasing transfusion safety.