Serum prostate-specific antigen (PSA) is a diagnostic biomarker of prostate cancer and is possibly associated with obesity. This study aimed to explore the relationships between obesity indicators [body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference (WC)] with PSA in Chinese men. A cross-sectional study of men aged 30-85 years undergoing prostate cancer screening was conducted from August 2008 to July 2013 in Xi'an, China. Data were obtained from clinical reports, condition was recorded based on self-report including demographics, weight, height, and WC (>90 cm=obese). Fasting blood glucose (FBG) and prostate volume (PV) were assessed clinically. Patients were grouped by BMI (normal=22.9, overweight=23-27.4, obese≥27.5 kg/m2). PSA parameters of density (PSAD), PSA serum level, and PSA increasing rate per year (PSAR) were calculated per BMI and age groups (30-40, 41-59, 60-85 years). Obesity indicators (BMI and WC) and PSA parameter relationships were modeled by age-stratified linear regression. Of 35,632 Chinese men surveyed, 13,084 were analyzed, including 13.44% obese, 57.44% overweight, and 29.12% normal weight, according to BMI; 25.84% were centrally (abdominally) obese according to WC. BMI and WC were negatively associated with all PSA parameters, except PSAD and PSAR [P<0.05, BMI: β=-0.081 (95%CI=-0.055 to -0.036), WC: β=-0.101 (-0.021 to -0.015)], and independent of FBG and PV (P<0.05) in an age-adjusted model. In conclusion, obesity was associated with lower PSA in Chinese men. Therefore, an individual's BMI and WC should be considered when PSA is used to screen for prostate cancer.

The AZ31 magnesium alloy tube was used for electromagnetic forming experiment of three kinds of input voltages. The stress-strain state of tube forming was analyzed. It was shown that the cause of oblique crack of tube was σr of axial inhomogeneous distribution and σz, and the cause of longitudinal crack was σr and σè of inhomogeneous distribution in circumferential direction. Moreover, the electromagnetic field and force field during electromagnetic forming was simulated by ANSYS software. The experiment proved the simulation result.

The objective of the present work was to analyze the transeriptional expression induced under different types of biotic and abiotic stress in Havana chili pepper (Capsicum chinense BG-3821). The studies of expression of plant genes under different conditions of biotic and abiotic stress are important because they are a strategy for understanding at molecular level, how plants act in phenomena of resistance to pathogen and abiotic growth conditions, which may expand the knowledge about molecular defense mechanisms to this type of stress in plants. For transeriptional analysis, molecular probes of R50 and R100 EST's were employed. Both are differential fragments and possibly implied in the resistance response of C.chineme BG-3S21 to infections by the pepper Huasteco yellow vein virus (PHYVV). Specificity of gene expressions corresponding to R50 and RKH) was confirmed in C. chinense plants infected by PHYVV, as well as by the Xantkomonas campestris pv, vesicatoria bacterium, and Fusarium solani fungus. Plants infected with the Phytophthora capsici nomycete did not induce the expression of these genes. Likewise, it was assessed if the expression of these genes is induced to C. chinense BG-3821 plants by application of salicylic acid (AS), jazmonate methyl, ethylene, or abiotic stress (hydric and thermal). Additionally, analysis of complementary DNA hybridization (cDNA) was conducted, for which various clones from subtractive hanks were selected, containing C. chinense BG-3821 fragments, whose expression was induced in infections of PHYVV. It was demonstrated that the gene expressions corresponding to R50 and R100 fragments are not only induced specifically by PHYVV infection, but also by X. campestris pv. vesicatoria, and F.solani, as well as by application of salicylic acid, jasmonate methyl, and ethyleue. In the analysis of arrangements, differences in the expression level of several EST's were observed for each evaluated stress condition.

El objetivo del presente trabajo fue analizar la expresión transcripcional inducida bajo diferentes tipos de estrés biótico y abiótico en plantas de chile habanero (Capsicum chinense BG-3821). Los estudios de expresión de genes de plantas bajo diferentes condiciones de estrés biótico y abiótico son importantes porgue son una estrategia para entender, a nivel molecular, cómo las plantas actúan en fenómenos de resistencia a patógenos y condiciones abióticas de crecimiento, lo que puede ampliar el conocimiento sobre los mecanismos moleculares de defensa a estos tipos de estrés en las plantas. Para el análisis transeripcional se emplearon sondas moleculares de los EST R50 y R100. Ambos son fragmentos diferenciales y posiblemente implicados en la respuesta de resistencia de C. chinense BG-3821 a infecciones por el virus huasteco vena amarilla del chile (PHYVV). Se comprobó la especificidad de la expresión de los genes correspondientes a R50 y R100 en plantas de C. chinense infectadas con PHYVV, así como por la bacteria Xanthomonas campestris pv. vesicatoria y el hongo Fusarium solani. Plantas infectadas con el oomiceto Phytophthora capsici no indujeron la expresión de estos genes. Asimismo, se evaluó si la expresión de estos genes es inducida mediante la aplicación de ácido salicílico (AS), metil Jasmonato, etileno o estrés abiótico (hídrieo y térmico) a plantas de C. chinense BG-3821, Adicionalmente, se realizó análisis de hibridación de ADN complementario (ADNc), para lo cual se seleccionaron varias clonas de bancos sustraetivos que contienen fragmentos de genes de C. chinense BG-3821 cuya expresión fue inducida en infecciones de PHYVV. Se demostró que la expresión de los genes correspondientes a los fragmentos R50 y R100 no son sólo inducidos específicamente por la infección de PHYVV, sino además por X. campestris pv. vesicatoria y F. solani, así como por la aplicación de ácido salicílico, metil jasmonato y etileno. En el análisis de arreglos se observaron diferencias en el nivel de expresión de varios EST para cada condición de estrés evaluada.

Distribution of magnetic field during electromagnetic continuous casting of hollow billets of aluminum alloys is studied by the method of numerical simulation. Two-dimensional axis-symmetric finite element model including water-cooled core, outer mould, ingot, inner and outer induction coil has been established. Distribution of magnetic flux density is obtained by solving magnetic vector potential formulations. 1) In electromagnetic casting, inner and outer induction coil interact, magnitude and admeasurements of current affect directly distribution of magnetic flux density. 2) Magnetic flux density near interior surface of pipe wall is increased notablely by increasing appropriately frequency. 3) Phase difference affects the magnitude and direction of the gradient of magnetic flux density.