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Use of whole soy lecithin in diets with energy concentrate from starchy or lipid sources for steers
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Neumann, M.

; Machado, M.P.

; Souza, A.M.

; Plodoviski, D.C.

; Ostrensky, A.

; Oliveira, P.E.P.

; Passos Junior, A.

; Cesar, P.V.P.

; Horst, E.H.

Arquivo Brasileiro de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia

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oct 2023, Volume 75 N. 5 Pages 952 - 966

Abstract: En Pt | Text: En Pt | PDF: En | PDF: Pt

ABSTRACT Diets with high energy density and additives that enhance energy use are necessary for finishing feedlot cattle. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the performance, ingestive behavior, apparent digestibility of the diet and the carcass traits of feedlot steers fed concentrates from different energy sources, one derived from starchy sources and the other, from lipid sources, combined or not with whole soy lecithin, at a dose of 40 g animal day-1. The experimental design was completely randomized blocks, in a 2 x 2 factorial arrangement. The combination of whole soy lecithin with the lipid energy source concentrate increased the dry matter digestibility and the carcass yield of the animals (76.03% and 57.20%, respectively). The lipid energy source concentrate showed higher ether extract digestibility and animals fed on it had higher carcass yield (84.18% and 56.85%, respectively). Whole soy lecithin promoted a reduction in fecal pH due to a greater fermentation of carbohydrates and fatty acids in the intestinal lumen. Using whole soy lecithin combined with energy concentrate from a lipid source is recommended due to its improvements in the use of the diet and in the carcass yield.

RESUMO O uso de dietas com alta densidade energética e aditivos que potencializem o aproveitamento energético se faz necessário na terminação de bovinos em confinamento. O objetivo do presente estudo foi avaliar o desempenho, o comportamento ingestivo, a digestibilidade aparente da dieta e as características de carcaça de novilhos confinados, alimentados com concentrados de diferentes fontes energéticas, um derivado de fontes amiláceas e outro de fontes lipídicas, associados ou não com lecitina integral de soja, na dose de 40g animal dia-1. O delineamento experimental foi o de blocos inteiramente ao acaso, em esquema fatorial 2 x 2. A associação da lecitina integral de soja com o concentrado de fonte energética lipídica melhorou a digestibilidade da matéria seca e o rendimento de carcaça dos animais (76,03% e 57,20%, respectivamente). O concentrado de fonte energética lipídica teve maior digestibilidade do extrato etéreo, e os animais alimentados com este possuíram maior rendimento de carcaça (84,18% e 56,85%, respectivamente). A lecitina integral de soja isolada promoveu redução no pH fecal em virtude de uma maior fermentação de carboidratos e ácidos graxos no lúmen intestinal. Utilizar lecitina integral de soja associada com concentrado energético de fonte lipídica é recomendado devido a suas melhorias no aproveitamento da dieta e no rendimento de carcaça.

https://doi.org/10.1590/1678-4162-12891

How many species of Mollusca are there in Brazil? A collective taxonomic effort to reveal this still unknown diversity
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Machado, Fabrizio M.

; Miranda, Marcel S.

; Salvador, Rodrigo B.

; Pimenta, Alexandre D.

; Côrtes, Mariana O.

; Gomes, Jaime A.J.

; Miyahira, Igor C.

; Agudo-Padrón, Ignacio

; Oliveira, Cléo D.C.

; Caetano, Carlos H.S.

; Coelho, Paulo R.S.

; D’Ávila, Sthefane

; Arruda, Eliane P. de

; Almeida, Sérgio M. de

; Gomes, Suzete R.

; Alvim, Juliana

; Galvão-Filho, Hilton

; L. Ferreira-Júnior, Augusto

; Marques, Rodrigo C.

; Martins, Inês

; Souza, Leonardo S. de

; Arruda, Janine O.

; Cavallari, Daniel C.

; Santos, Sonia B. dos

; Pedro, Natan C.

; Salles, Anna C. de A.

; Dornellas, Ana P.S.

; Lima, Tarcilla C. de

; Amaral, Vanessa S. do

; Silva, Fernanda S.

; Passos, Flávio D.

; Thiengo, Silvana S.

; Leite, Tatiana S.

; Simone, Luiz R.L.

Zoologia (Curitiba)

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2023, Volume 40 elocation e23026

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

ABSTRACT The expression ‘you need to know to conserve’ is a well-known cliche among biologists. Documenting the richness of a group of organisms is the first step towards understanding biodiversity and preparing efficient conservation plans. In this context, many efforts have been made to quantify the number of species on Earth and estimate the number of species still unknown to science. A few countries have complete and integrated databases estimating the approximate number of species recorded for their territory, particularly in the Global South. In Brazil, a country of continental dimensions, revealing the richness of the second most diverse clade of invertebrates (=Mollusca) has been a goal of taxonomists. Recently, in an unprecedented, collective, and integrated effort among Brazilian malacologists, it was possible to estimate how many valid species of molluscs are there in Brazil. In this effort, more than 30 mollusc experts joined together to update the Taxonomic Catalogue of the Brazilian Fauna (TCBF), a governmental website that allows a quick and real-time updating of all Metazoan. So far, more than 5,000 updates have been made in TCBF, indicating the presence of 3,552 valid species of molluscs in Brazil, distributed among the main clades as follows: Caudofoveata (10 spp.), Solenogastres (6 spp.), Polyplacophora (35 spp.), Scaphopoda (43 spp.), Cephalopoda (92 spp.), Bivalvia (629 spp.) and Gastropoda (2,737 spp.). The present study, in addition to demonstrating for the first time the richness of Brazilian molluscs, also presents the state of the art of this important phylum of invertebrates highlighting its most representative and neglected groups.

https://doi.org/10.1590/s1984-4689.v40.e23026

Management of defoliation in Trifolium vesiculosum S. for the production of seeds
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Araldi, D.F.

; Boss, R.

; Machado, J.M.

; Silveira, D.C.

Arquivo Brasileiro de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia

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aug 2021, Volume 73 N. 4 Pages 975 - 983

Abstract: Pt En | Text: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

RESUMO O presente estudo visa determinar o manejo de desfolha adequado para a produção de sementes e de forragem em trevo-vesiculoso via análise de trilha. Os resultados obtidos demonstraram que as práticas de desfolha possuem grande influência na composição do rendimento de sementes e no poder germinativo. Além disso, quando o objetivo for o máximo equilíbrio entre a produção de matéria seca e o rendimento de sementes, esse pode ser alcançado em até duas práticas de desfolha. Esses resultados são confirmados ao se analisar a associação positiva entre o peso de mil sementes e o rendimento de sementes. Quando realizada a terceira prática de desfolha, esta se correlaciona negativamente com o peso de mil sementes, sugerindo que, com o aumento da frequência de desfolha, ocorre menor peso de mil sementes e, por conseguinte, menor rendimento de sementes. Portanto, o planejamento do manejo em T. vesiculosum Savi que objetive a ressemeadura natural, o máximo rendimento e a germinação de sementes deve priorizar até duas práticas de desfolha, visando promover condições favoráveis para a perenização da espécie. Nesse contexto, a análise de trilha demonstrou ser uma ferramenta útil como critério para obtenção do manejo ideal visando à produção de sementes e de forragem em trevo-vesiculoso.

ABSTRACT The present study aims to determine the appropriate defoliation management for the production of seeds and forage in arrowleaf clover via trail analysis. The results obtained demonstrated that defoliation practices have a great influence on the composition of seed yield and germination power. In addition, when the goal is the maximum balance between dry matter production and seed yield, this can be achieved in up to two defoliation practices. These results are confirmed by analyzing the positive association between the weight of a thousand seeds and the seed yield. When the third defoliation practice is performed, it negatively correlates with the weight of a thousand seeds, suggesting that, with the increase in defoliation frequency, there is a lower weight of a thousand seeds, and, therefore, lower seed yield. Therefore, management planning in Trifolium vesiculosum Savi that aims at natural reseeding, maximum yield and seed germination must prioritize one to two defoliation practices, aiming to promote favorable conditions for the perennialization of the species. In this context, the trail analysis proved to be a useful tool as a criterion for obtaining the ideal management aiming at the production of seeds and forage in vesicular clover.

https://doi.org/10.1590/1678-4162-12239 132 downloads

Características de carcaça e carne de novilhos Aberdeen Angus submetidos à castração cirúrgica ou imunológica
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Machado, D.S.

; Alves Filho, D.C.

; Argenta, F.M.

; Brondani, I.L.

; Viana, A.F.P.

; Volpatto, R.S.

; Oliveira, L.M.

; Klein, J.L.

; Moura, A.F.

; Frasson, J.J. N.

Arquivo Brasileiro de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia

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apr 2019, Volume 71 N. 2 Pages 658 - 666

Abstract: Pt En | Text: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

RESUMO Objetivou-se avaliar as características de carcaça e carne de novilhos Aberdeen Angus castrados cirurgicamente em duas idades ou imunocastrados com dois protocolos. Foram utilizados 48 bezerros, monitorados a partir do nascimento e desmamados, com idade e peso médio inicial de seis meses e de 160±16,54kg, respectivamente. Os animais foram distribuídos aleatoriamente nos seguintes tratamentos: castração cirúrgica ao nascer; castração cirúrgica ao desmame; imunocastração com três doses da vacina Bopriva® e imunocastração com quatro doses da vacina Bopriva®. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi o inteiramente ao acaso. Novilhos imunocastrados com três doses apresentaram maior quebra ao resfriamento e menor espessura de gordura ajustada para 100kg de carcaça fria que castrados cirurgicamente ao nascer (P<0,05). A imunocastração com três doses proporcionou incremento na participação de músculo, em relação às castrações cirúrgicas, mas reduziu a gordura em relação à castração cirúrgica ao nascimento (P<0,05). A relação músculo:osso foi superior nos imunocastrados com três doses em relação a castrados cirurgicamente no desmame (P<0,05). Apesar de variações na participação tecidual na carcaça, a castração imunológica mostrou-se viável em substituição à castração cirúrgica, não alterando os padrões qualitativos da carne.

ABSTRACT The objective of this study was to evaluate the carcass and meat characteristics of Aberdeen Angus steers surgically castrated at two ages or immunocastrated with two protocols. Forty-eight calves we used, monitored from birth and weaned, with age and initial mean weight of six months and 160±16.54kg, respectively. The animals were randomly assigned to the following treatments: surgical castration at birth; surgical castration at weaning; immunocastration with three doses of the Bopriva ® vaccine and immunocastration with four doses of the Bopriva ® vaccine. The experimental design was completely randomized. Immunocastrated steers with three doses had a greater cooling break and lower fat thickness adjusted for 100kg of cold carcass than surgically castrated at birth (P< 0.05). Immunocastration with three doses provided an increase in muscle participation in relation to surgical castration but reduced fat in relation to surgical castration at birth (P< 0.05). The muscle:bone ratio was higher in the immunocastrated with three doses compared to surgically castrated at weaning (P< 0.05). Despite variations in tissue involvement in the carcass, the immunological castration proved to be viable to replace surgical castration, not changing the quality of the meat standards.

https://doi.org/10.1590/1678-4162-10530 1344 downloads

Mechanisms involved in anti-aging effects of guarana (Paullinia cupana) in Caenorhabditis elegans
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Arantes, L.P.

; Machado, M.L.

; Zamberlan, D.C.

; da Silveira, T.L.

; da Silva, T.C.

; da Cruz, I.B.M.

; Ribeiro, E.E.

; Aschner, M.

; Soares, F.A.A.

Brazilian Journal of Medical and Biological Research

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2018, Volume 51 N. 9 elocation e7552

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

Guarana (Paullinia cupana) is habitually ingested by people in the Amazon region and is a key ingredient in various energy drinks consumed worldwide. Extension in longevity and low prevalence of chronic age-related diseases have been associated to habitual intake of guarana. Anti-aging potential of guarana was also demonstrated in Caenorhabditis elegans; however, the mechanisms involved in its effects are not clear. Herein, we investigated the putative pathways that regulate the effects of guarana ethanolic extract (GEE) on lifespan using C. elegans. The major known longevity pathways were analyzed through mutant worms and RT-qPCR assay (DAF-2, DAF-16, SKN-1, SIR-2.1, HSF-1). The possible involvement of purinergic signaling was also investigated. This study demonstrated that GEE acts through antioxidant activity, DAF-16, HSF-1, and SKN-1 pathways, and human adenosine receptor ortholog (ADOR-1) to extend lifespan. GEE also downregulated skn-1, daf-16, sir-2.1 and hsp-16.2 in 9-day-old C. elegans, which might reflect less need to activate these protective genes due to direct antioxidant effects. Our results contribute to the comprehension of guarana effects in vivo, which might be helpful to prevent or treat aging-associated disorders, and also suggest purinergic signaling as a plausible therapeutic target for longevity studies.

https://doi.org/10.1590/1414-431x20187552 2888 downloads

Photosynthetic Potential and Productivity of Common Beans under Herbicide Effect
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LIMA, G.R.

; MACEDO, D.C.

; BARROS, R.L.N.

; MACHADO, A.F.L.

; PIMENTEL, C.

Planta Daninha

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2018, Volume 36 elocation e018175606

Abstract: Pt En | Text: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

RESUMO: Objetivou-se neste estudo avaliar os efeitos da aplicação de herbicidas pós-emergentes, recomendados para a cultura do feijoeiro comum, nas variáveis de fluorescência da clorofila a, no conteúdo de proteína solúvel foliar (LSPC) e na produtividade de grãos. O experimento foi conduzido em campo e teve cinco tratamentos, que constaram da aplicação dos seguintes herbicidas: bentazon (720 g ha-1), fluazifop-p-butil (187,5 g ha-1), fomesafen (250 g ha-1), fluazifop-p-butil + fomesafen (187,5 + 250 g ha 1), além de um tratamento controle capinado, sem aplicação de herbicida, com delineamento de blocos ao acaso com quatro repetições. O bentazon foi o único herbicida que causou reduções significativas, mas somente até o primeiro dia após aplicação (DAA), nas seguintes variáveis de fluorescência da clorofila a: rendimento quântico máximo do fotossistema II (Fv/Fm), rendimento quântico efetivo do fotossistema II (ϕFSII), bem como no coeficiente de extinção fotoquímica (qP), e promoveu incremento na variável de coeficiente de extinção não fotoquímica (NPQ). Entre elas, o Fv/Fm foi a variável mais indicadora dos efeitos decorrentes da aplicação de herbicidas no aparato fotossintético de plantas no campo. As variáveis de fluorescência da clorofila a obtidas em folhas adaptadas à luz sofreram grande influência do ambiente, principalmente da variação da densidade de fluxo de fótons fotossintéticos (DFFF) durante as medidas, não sendo recomendadas como indicadoras do efeito dos herbicidas no campo. Nenhum dos herbicidas avaliados causou redução na produtividade, sendo recomendáveis para a cultura do feijoeiro comum.

ABSTRACT: The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of the application of contact herbicides recommended for common bean crops, as for chlorophyll a fluorescence parameters, leaf soluble proteins content (LSPC) and productivity. The experiment was conducted on the field with five treatments, which were the application of the following herbicides: bentazon (720 g ha-1), fluazifop-p-butil (187.5 g ha-1), fomesafen (250 g ha-1) fluazifop-p-butil + fomesafen (187.5 + 250 g ha-1), and a manually weeded control treatment without herbicide application, in a randomized block design with four replications. Bentazon was the only herbicide causing significant reductions, but only until the first day after herbicide application (DAA), on the following chlorophyll a fluorescence parameters: maximum quantum yield of photosystem II (Fv/Fm), effective quantum yield of photosystem II (ϕPSII), photochemical quenching (qP); it also induced an increase in non-photochemical quenching (NPQ). Fv/Fm was the best parameter to indicate herbicide effect on the photosynthetic apparatus of plants in the field. Chlorophyll a fluorescence parameters obtained in light-adapted leaves underwent a high environmental influence, especially deriving from the variation in the photosynthetic photon flow density (PPFD) during measurements; they are not recommended to evaluate the effects of herbicides on the field. None of the applied herbicides evaluated caused reductions in grain yield; therefore, they are recommended for common bean crops.

https://doi.org/10.1590/s0100-83582018360100090 855 downloads

Off-label use of psychotropic drugs beyond officially approved indications in Colombia
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Fletscher-Covaleda, Paola Marcela

; López-Gutiérrez, José Julián

; Machado-Duque, Manuel

; Machado-Alba, Jorge

Revista de la Facultad de Medicina

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sep 2017, Volume 65 N. 3 Pages 411 - 415

Abstract: Es En | Text: Es En | PDF: Es | PDF: En

Resumen Introducción. El uso de psicofármacos por fuera de las indicaciones aprobadas (off-label) es una práctica común, de la cual no se tiene información en Colombia. Objetivo. Describir el uso off-label de psicofármacos en una entidad promotora de salud de Bogotá D.C. Materiales y métodos. Estudio observacional de prescripción-indicación con una muestra aleatoria de pacientes prescritos con psicofármacos entre enero y junio de 2010. Se evaluaron variables sociodemográficas, clínicas, farmacológicas y de concordancia y se realizaron análisis multivariados buscando asociación con prescripciones no aprobadas. Resultados. Los 420 pacientes evaluados tenían una edad promedio de 44.2±18.8 años, con predominio femenino (67.9%). Se encontró prescripción no aprobada en 58.6-59.8% de los casos; el 84.3% de las formulas fueron hechas por medicina general. Los principales psicofármacos en indicaciones como cefalea tensional e insomnio fueron amitriptilina (n=128; 86.7% de uso no aprobado), trazodona (n=93; 88.2%) y fluoxetina (n=66; 36.4%). En el análisis multivariado se halló que ser un adulto joven (OR=1.99; IC95%: 1.06-3.70; p=0.030), ser tratado por medicina general (OR=3.40; IC95%: 1.50-7.67; p=0.003) y ser formulado con amitriptilina (OR=11.38; IC95%: 5.06-25.58; p<0.001) o trazodona (OR=13.08; IC95%: 5.23-32.68; p<0.001) aumentan la probabilidad de recibir una prescripción no aprobada. Conclusiones. En la aseguradora estudiada, los psicofármacos son utilizados en una importante proporción de indicaciones no aprobadas por las autoridades regulatorias, por lo cual es importante fortalecer la educación y el control para el empleo de los medicamentos de manera racional, efectiva y segura.

Abstract Introduction: Off-label use of psychotropic drugs is a common practice. In Colombia, no information is available in this regard. Objective: To describe off-label use of psychoactive drugs in a health promoting entity (EPS in Spanish) in Bogotá D.C. Materials and methods: Cross sectional, observational study (prescription-indication), including a random sample of patients prescribed with psychotropic drugs between January and June 2010. Sociodemographic, clinical, pharmacological and concordance variables were evaluated (correlation between use indication and approved indication). Multivariate analyzes were performed looking for an association with off-label prescriptions. Results: 420 evaluated patients had a mean age of 44.2±18.8 years, with female predominance (67.9%). Off-label prescription was found in 58.6-59.8% of cases. 84.3% of the prescriptions were delivered by general practitioners. The main psychoactive drugs prescribed for conditions such as tension headaches and insomnia were amitriptyline (n=128, 86.7% of off-label use), trazodone (n=93, 88.2%) and fluoxetine (n=66, 36.4%). The multivariate analysis found that being a young adult (OR=1.99, 95%CI: 1.06-3.70; p=0.030), being treated by general medicine (OR=3.40, 95%CI: 1.507.67; p=0.003) and being prescribed with amitriptyline (OR=11.38; 95%CI: 5.06-25.58; p<0.001) or trazodone (OR = 13.08; 95%CI: 5.23-32.68; p<0.001) increased the likelihood of receiving an off-label prescription. Conclusions: Psychotropic drugs in Bogotá are used, to a great extent, as off-label in indications other than those officially approved. Thus, it is important to strengthen education and control to achieve a rational, effective and safe use of drugs.

https://doi.org/10.15446/revfacmed.v65n3.57439 775 downloads

Evaluación de las prescripciones autorizadas entre 2010 y 2011 por vía judicial en Bogotá, D.C., Colombia
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Portilla-Pinzón, Alfredo

; López, José Julián

; Montoya-Cañon, Mauricio

; Machado-Alba, Jorge Enrique

Revista de la Facultad de Medicina

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dec 2016, Volume 64 N. 4 Pages 679 - 685

Abstract: Es En | Text: Es En | PDF: Es | PDF: En

Resumen Introducción. La tutela es una herramienta legal empleada para garantizar el derecho a la salud en Colombia. Objetivo. Evaluar la racionalidad terapéutica de prescripciones de medicamentos autorizadas por tutela en pacientes afiliados al Sistema General de Seguridad Social en Salud. Materiales y métodos. Estudio descriptivo con recolección retrospectiva de información de bases de datos e historias clínicas de pacientes con medicamentos ordenados por acción judicial para tres aseguradoras en Bogotá, D.C. durante los años 2010 y 2011. Se consideraron la indicación, los consumos, las dosis, la duplicidad terapéutica, el riesgo de interacciones y los costos. Resultados. Se obtuvo información de 3 469 pacientes que solicitaron 2 419 medicamentos por tutela, siendo los más comunes antiepilépticos (10.7%), vitaminas (10%), hipoleipemiantes (5%)y antidiabéticos (4.8%). En el 75.5% de los casos el medicamento se correlacionó con el diagnóstico y el 66% de los pacientes estuvo expuesto a riesgos de interacciones farmacológicas. Se observó mayor duplicidad terapéutica en antiinflamatorios no esteroideos y antihipertensivos. El costo promedio de cada dispensación por tutela se estimó en COP 453 221 (USD 236.5). Conclusiones. Se evidencian problemas de racionalidad terapéutica en medicamentos ordenados por tutela, lo cual puede implicar mayores riesgos para la salud de los pacientes. Es recomendable un asesoramiento científico más riguroso con la finalidad de evitar posibles riesgos de interacciones y duplicidades terapéuticas.

Abstract Introduction: Judicial protection (tutela in Spanish) is a legal tool used to ensure the right to health in Colombia. Objective: To evaluate the therapeutic rationale of drug prescriptions authorized through judicial protection for patients enrolled in the General Social Security Health System. Materials and methods: Descriptive study with retrospective collection of information from databases and patient records associated with medications ordered by court action against three health insurers in Bogotá, D.C., during 2010 and 2011. Prescription, consumption, doses, therapeutic duplication, risk of interactions and costs were considered. Results: Information of 3 469 patients who requested 2 419 prescribed drugs through judicial protection was obtained; the most common drugs were anticonvulsants (10.7%), vitamins (10%), lipid-lowering medications (5%) and anti-diabetic drugs (4.8%). In 75.5% of cases the drug was correlated with the diagnosis and 66% of patients were exposed to drug interaction risks. Greater therapeutic duplication was observed in non-steroidal anti-inflammatory and antihypertensive drugs. The average cost of each dispensation per judicial protection issued was estimated at COP 453 221 (USD 236.5). Conclusions: Therapeutic rationality issues are evident in prescription drugs ordered by judicial protection, which may involve greater risks to the health of patients. A more rigorous scientific advice is recommended in order to avoid possible interactions and therapeutic duplications.

https://doi.org/10.15446/revfacmed.v64n4.53574 545 downloads

Rosmarinus officinalis L. increases Caenorhabditis elegans stress resistance and longevity in a DAF-16, HSF-1 and SKN-1-dependent manner
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Zamberlan, D.C.

; Amaral, G.P.

; Arantes, L.P.

; Machado, M.L.

; Mizdal, C.R.

; Campos, M.M.A.

; Soares, F.A.A.

Brazilian Journal of Medical and Biological Research

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2016, Volume 49 N. 9 elocation e5235

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

Improving overall health and quality of life, preventing diseases and increasing life expectancy are key concerns in the field of public health. The search for antioxidants that can inhibit oxidative damage in cells has received a lot of attention. Rosmarinus officinalis L. represents an exceptionally rich source of bioactive compounds with pharmacological properties. In the present study, we explored the effects of the ethanolic extract of R. officinalis (eeRo) on stress resistance and longevity using the non-parasitic nematode Caenorhabditis elegans as a model. We report for the first time that eeRo increased resistance against oxidative and thermal stress and extended C. elegans longevity in an insulin/IGF signaling pathway-dependent manner. These data emphasize the eeRo beneficial effects on C. elegans under stress.

https://doi.org/10.1590/1414-431x20165235 2940 downloads

10.

Correlations between forced oscillation technique parameters and pulmonary densitovolumetry values in patients with acromegaly
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Camilo, G.B.

; Carvalho, A.R.S.

; Machado, D.C.

; Mogami, R.

; Kasuki, L.

; Gadelha, M.R.

; Melo, P.L.

; Lopes, A.J.

Brazilian Journal of Medical and Biological Research

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oct 2015, Volume 48 N. 10 Pages 877 - 885

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

The aims of this study were to evaluate the forced oscillation technique (FOT) and pulmonary densitovolumetry in acromegalic patients and to examine the correlations between these findings. In this cross-sectional study, 29 non-smoking acromegalic patients and 17 paired controls were subjected to the FOT and quantification of lung volume using multidetector computed tomography (Q-MDCT). Compared with the controls, the acromegalic patients had a higher value for resonance frequency [15.3 (10.9-19.7) vs 11.4 (9.05-17.6) Hz, P=0.023] and a lower value for mean reactance [0.32 (0.21-0.64) vs 0.49 (0.34-0.96) cm H2O/L/s2, P=0.005]. In inspiratory Q-MDCT, the acromegalic patients had higher percentages of total lung volume (TLV) for nonaerated and poorly aerated areas [0.42% (0.30-0.51%) vs 0.25% (0.20-0.32%), P=0.039 and 3.25% (2.48-3.46%) vs 1.70% (1.45-2.15%), P=0.001, respectively]. Furthermore, the acromegalic patients had higher values for total lung mass in both inspiratory and expiratory Q-MDCT [821 (635-923) vs 696 (599-769) g, P=0.021 and 844 (650-945) vs 637 (536-736) g, P=0.009, respectively]. In inspiratory Q-MDCT, TLV showed significant correlations with all FOT parameters. The TLV of hyperaerated areas showed significant correlations with intercept resistance (rs=−0.602, P<0.001) and mean resistance (rs=−0.580, P<0.001). These data showed that acromegalic patients have increased amounts of lung tissue as well as nonaerated and poorly aerated areas. Functionally, there was a loss of homogeneity of the respiratory system. Moreover, there were correlations between the structural and functional findings of the respiratory system, consistent with the pathophysiology of the disease.

https://doi.org/10.1590/1414-431x20154786 1144 downloads

11.

Limitação de polinizadores e mecanismo de autoincompatibilidade de ação tardia como causas da baixa formação de frutos em duas espécies simpátricas de Inga (Fabaceae - Mimosoideae) na Amazônia Central
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Barros, Eduardo Cristo de Oliveira

; Webber, Antonio Carlos

; Machado, Isabel Cristina

Rodriguésia

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mar 2013, Volume 64 N. 1 Pages 37 - 47

Abstract: Pt En | Text: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

Foram estudados os sistemas reprodutivos de Inga edulis Mart. e Inga stipularis D.C. em uma área de floresta, localizada na Fazenda Experimental da UFAM, Manaus, AM, entre novembro/2006 a novembro/2007. Os resultados mostraram que as espécies não formam frutos a partir de autopolinizações e que o percentual de frutos provenientes de polinizações cruzadas em I. edulis (5%) e I. stipularis (21%) é superior ao da polinização natural (controle), 1% e 7%, respectivamente. As análises de tubos polínicos, provenientes de autopolinizações e de polinização cruzada revelaram que apenas uma pequena fração atinge os óvulos de I. edulis após 8 e 12 horas e os de I. stipularis 24 horas após a polinização. Além disso, encontra-se um maior percentual de tubos penetrando os óvulos de I. edulis. A chegada dos tubos nos óvulos oriundos de autopolinizações e de polinizações cruzadas é semelhante nas duas espécies. Os baixos índices de formação de frutos em I. edulis e I. stipularis provavelmente decorrem do elevado índice de geitonogamia promovido pelos polinizadores e pela autoincompatibilidade de ação tardia.

The breeding system of Inga edulis Mart. and Inga stipularis D.C. was studied in an area of forest, located in the UFAM Experimental Farm, Manaus, AM, from November/2006 to November/2007. The results showed that both species do not set fruit from self-pollination and that the percentage of fruit set proceeding from cross-pollination in I. edulis (5%) and I. stipularis (21%) is superior to the natural pollination (control), 1% and 7%, respectively. The analyses of pollen tube, originating from self-pollination and cross-pollination, reveal that a small fraction reaches the ovules of I. edulis after 8 and 12 hours, and in I. stipularis 24 hours after pollinations. In addition there is a greater percentile of tubes penetrating in the ovules of I. edulis. The arrival speed of the tubes in the ovules deriving from self-pollination and cross-pollination is similar in both species. The low indices of fruit set in I. edulis and I. stipularis probably is a result from the raised index of geitonogamy promoted by the pollinators and the late-acting self-incompatibility.

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12.

TNF-a and IL-10 levels in tracheobronchial lavage of ventilated preterm infants and subsequent lung function
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Corso, A.L.

; Pitrez, P.M.C.

; Machado, D.C.

; Stein, R.T.

; Jones, M.H.

Brazilian Journal of Medical and Biological Research

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apr 2007, Volume 40 N. 4 Pages 569 - 576

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

The role of airway inflammation in ventilated preterm newborns and the risk factors associated with the development of chronic lung disease are not well understood. Our objective was to analyze the association of the airway inflammatory response in ventilated preterm infants by serial measurements of TNF-a and IL-10 in tracheobronchial lavage (TBL) with perinatal factors and lung function measured early in life. A series of TBL samples were collected from ventilated preterm infants (less than 32 weeks of gestational age) and concentrations of TNF-a and IL-10 were measured by ELISA. Pulmonary function tests were performed after discharge by the raised volume rapid compression technique. Twenty-five subjects were recruited and 70 TBL samples were obtained. There was a significant positive association between TNF-a and IL-10 levels and length of time between the rupture of the amniotic membranes and delivery (r = 0.65, P = 0.002, and r = 0.57, P < 0.001, respectively). Lung function was measured between 1 and 22 weeks of corrected age in 10 patients. Multivariable analysis with adjustment for differences in lung volume showed a significant negative association between TNF-a levels and forced expiratory flow (FEF50; r = -0.6; P = 0.04), FEF75 (r = -0.76; P = 0.02), FEF85 (r = -0.75; P = 0.03), FEF25-75 (-0.71; P = 0.02), and FEV0.5 (r = -0.39; P = 0.03). These data suggest that TNF-a levels in the airways during the first days of life were associated with subsequent lung function abnormalities measured weeks or months later.

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13.

Th-1 and Th-2 cytokine production in infants with virus-associated wheezing
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Pitrez, P.M.C.

; Machado, D.C.

; Jones, M.H.

; Andrade, F.

; Camozzato, C.

; Stein, R.T.

Brazilian Journal of Medical and Biological Research

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jan 2005, Volume 38 N. 1 Pages 51 - 54

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

Wheezing associated with respiratory viral infections in infancy is very common and results in high morbidity worldwide. The Th1/Th2 pattern of immune response in these patients remains unclear and previous studies have shown controversial results. The aim of the present study was to compare the type of Th1/Th2 cytokine response between infants with acute bronchiolitis, recurrent wheezing and upper respiratory infections from a developing country. Infants younger than 2 years of age admitted to Hospital São Lucas, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil, between May and November 2001, with an acute episode of wheezing associated with viral respiratory infection were selected. Subjects with upper respiratory infections from the emergency department were selected for the control group. Interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) and interleukin-4 (IL-4) levels from nasal aspirates were determined by ELISA from peripheral mononuclear cell cultures. Twenty-nine subjects with acute bronchiolitis, 18 with recurrent wheezing and 15 with upper respiratory infections were enrolled. There were no differences in family history of atopy or parental smoking between groups. Oxygen requirement was similar for the acute bronchiolitis and recurrent wheezing groups. The percentage of positive tests for the cytokines studied and the IFN-gamma/IL-4 ratio was similar for all groups. Comparison of the polarized Th1/Th2 cytokine results for the various groups showed no specific pattern of cytokine production. Infants with wheezing from a developing country do not show any specific predominant pattern of Th1/Th2 cytokine production, suggesting that multiple factors may be involved in the pathogenesis of this illness.

1905 downloads

14.

Correlação entre contagens de células somáticas determinadas no "Somacount 300" utilizando-se os detergentes RBS 35 e Extram MA 01 alcalino
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Pereira, A.R.

; Oliveira, C.A.

; Marques, D.C.

; Machado, P.F.

; Sarriés, G.A.

Arquivo Brasileiro de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia

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jun 2000, Volume 52 N. 3 Pages 218 - 219

Abstract: Pt En | Text: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

The objective of this work was to compare the values of milk somatic cell counts (SCC) using the Somacount 300, and two detergents for sample preparation. The equipment was calibrated using the detergent RBS 35. Forty independent milk samples were analyzed. Each sample was randomly divided into two subsamples, and each subsample was analyzed after preparation with either RBS 35 or Extram MA 01 Alkaline detergents. The correlation coefficient between the two methods was high (0.998). This finding suggests the possibility of substitution of RBS 35 for an economical alternative.

1582 downloads

15.

Immunization by subcutaneous implants of polyester-polyurethane sponges coupled with antigen
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Lima, S.L.

; Machado, C.B.

; Pereira, M.A.C.

; Cara, D.C.

; Velarde, D.T.

; Andrade, S.P.

; Gontijo, C.M.

Brazilian Journal of Medical and Biological Research

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apr 1999, Volume 32 N. 4 Pages 443 - 447

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

A new protocol is described for immunization of outbred Swiss mice. The procedure is based on subcutaneous implantation of antigen-coupled polyester-polyurethane sponges cut into disks of 10 mm in diameter vs 2 mm in thickness. Antigen coupling was performed by overnight incubation of the sponge with a solution of ovalbumin (Ova) (2 mg/ml) diluted in sodium carbonate buffer, pH 9.6. The amount of ovalbumin that was taken up by the sponge was between 71.4 to 82.5 µg. This was estimated by comparing the Ova absorbance at 280 nm in coating buffer solutions before and after incubation. To compare the efficiency of the proposed method, experimental groups immunized with the antigen in the presence of adjuvants (10 µg in Al(OH)3 or 100 µg in complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA)) were run in parallel. The data obtained after the 3rd week of immunization indicate that both cellular and humoral immune responses were achieved. These were assayed by antigen-induced footpad swelling and ELISA (specific antibodies), respectively. The levels of both immune responses elicited were similar to the responses observed in mice immunized with ovalbumin in the presence of Al(OH)3. The method might represent an advantage when immunizing with pathogenic antigens. Preliminary experiments have suggested that the antigen remains immobilized or bound to the sponge for a long period of time, since there is an increment on the cell population inside the sponges after boosting the animals. If so, the undesirable effects of immunization would be reduced.

1962 downloads

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