Resumo Em todo o mundo, a agricultura convencional faz uso extensivo de pesticidas. Embora os efeitos dos herbicidas sejam relativamente bem conhecidos em termos de impactos ambientais em organismos não-alvo, há pouca evidência científica sobre os impactos de resíduos de herbicidas em artrópodes aquáticos de áreas de conservação tropicais. Este estudo avalia pela primeira vez a toxicidade dos herbicidas ametryn, atrazine e clomazone sobre o inseto aquático Limnocoris submontandoni (Hemiptera: Naucoridae). A concentração letal (LC50) de herbicidas foi avaliada para esses insetos, bem como o efeito dos herbicidas nos tecidos e testículos dos insetos. A LC50 estimada foi de 1012,41, 192,42 e 46,09 mg/L para clomazone, atrazine e ametryn, respectivamente. Alterações nos espermatócitos e espermátides foram observadas sob o efeito de atrazine, e efeitos na espermatogênese foram observados para algumas concentrações de clomazone, com aparente recuperação após um curto período de tempo. Nossos resultados fornecem informações úteis sobre os efeitos de resíduos de herbicidas em sistemas aquáticos. Essas informações podem ajudar a minimizar o risco de efeitos reprodutivos de longo prazo em espécies não-alvo que foram negligenciadas anteriormente em estudos de ecotoxicologia.

Abstract Worldwide, conventional agriculture makes extensive use of pesticides. Although the effects of herbicides are relatively well known in terms of environmental impacts on non-target organisms, there is very little scientific evidence regarding the impacts of herbicide residues on aquatic arthropods from tropical conservation areas. This study evaluates for the first time the toxicity of the herbicides ametryn, atrazine, and clomazone on the aquatic insect Limnocoris submontandoni (Hemiptera: Naucoridae). The lethal concentration (LC50) of herbicides was evaluated for these insects, as well as the effect of the herbicides on the insects’ tissues and testicles. The estimated LC50 was 1012.41, 192.42, and 46.09 mg/L for clomazone, atrazine, and ametryn, respectively. Spermatocyte and spermatid changes were observed under the effect of atrazine, and effects on spermatogenesis were observed for some concentrations of clomazone, with apparent recovery after a short time. Our results provide useful information on the effects of herbicide residues in aquatic systems. This information can help minimize the risk of long-term reproductive effects in non-target species that have been previously overlooked in ecotoxicology studies.

ABSTRACT Length-weight (LWR) and length-length (LLR) relationships are widely used in management programs and monitoring of fish stocks. We estimated the LWR and LLR of 10 fish species sampled from nine streams of the lower reach of the Iguassu River Basin, Paraná, Brazil. All LWR fits were significant, with b values ranging from 2.37 to 3.62 and an average value of 3.07. Most species showed isometric growth. Significant differences in the LWR between sexes were observed only for Phalloceros harpagos Lucinda, 2008 in the Três Barras stream. All LLR fits were significant, with b values ranging from 0.98 to 1.25 and an average value of 1.15. Significant differences between sexes for the LLR were observed for Rhamdia voulezi Haseman, 1911 in the Arroio Passo Liso stream. First records of the LWR for four species - Ancistrus mullerae Bifi, Pavanelli & Zawadzki, 2009, Bryconamericus pyahu Azpelicueta, Casciotta & Almirón, 2003, Cambeva stawiarski (Miranda Ribeiro, 1968), and Cambeva taroba (Wosiacki & Garavello, 2004) - and the LLR for six species - A. mullerae, B. pyahu, C. davisi, C. stawiarski, C. taroba, and P. harpagos - and a new record of maximum standard length for two species - C. taroba and B. pyahu - are presented.

Hematological problems are associated with Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Respiratory impairment is the higher point studied, although without experimental studies related to the oxygen transport performed by erythrocytes. Therefore, we decided to investigate if erythrocytes from COVID-19 patients have their functionality changed. The case-control study included hospitalized patients with a positive real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) result admitted to University Hospital. Volunteers (negative RT-PCR results) were recruited as a control group. Thus, we assessed different erythrocytes parameters, oxidative stress markers, and biophysical studies using whole blood and isolated hemoglobin. We found a decrease of 51% in oxygen uptake and reduced antioxidant enzyme activity in COVID-19 patients compared to controls. Raman spectrometry showed structural changes in the hemoglobin and lipids of the erythrocytes from COVID-19 patients; thus, these results were consolidated with an increase in Young’s modulus in erythrocytes followed by morphology changes. Besides, isolated hemoglobin from COVID-19 patients has a distinct interaction profile using a ligand model compared to the control. COVID-19 leads to structural, functional, and morphological damage to human erythrocytes. Our data showed structural and molecular changes and induction of oxidative stress in erythrocytes by COVID-19, a new perspective on the contribution of erythrocytes to a respiratory commitment in COVID-19.

ABSTRACT Objective: The risk of malignancy and diagnostic accuracy of fine-needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB) of thyroid nodules (TN) with diameters ≥ 3-4 cm remains controversial. However, some groups have indicated surgical treatment in these patients regardless of the FNAB results. We aimed to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of the FNAB in systematically resected ≥4 cm TN and if the risk of malignancy is higher in these patients. Subjects and methods: We retrospectively evaluated 138 patients (142 nodules) with TN with diameters ≥4 cm who underwent thyroidectomy. Results: The FNAB results were nondiagnostic/unsatisfactory (ND/UNS) in 2.1% of the cases and benign in 51.4%. They indicated atypia of undetermined significance/follicular lesion of undetermined significance (AUS/FLUS) in 23.9% of cases, follicular neoplasia/suspicious for a follicular neoplasm (FN/SFN) in 9.2%, suspicion of malignancy (SUS) in 8.5%, and malignant in 4.9%. The histopathological analysis after thyroidectomy revealed a thyroid cancer rate of 100% in the FNABs classified as malignant, 33.3% in SUS cases, 7.7% in FN/SFN, 17.6% in AUS/FLUS, and 4.1% in benign FNABs. None of the ND/UNS FNABs were malignant. The global malignancy diagnosis was 14.8% (n = 21). However, the rate of false negatives for FNAB was low (4.1%). Conclusion: We showed that the risk of malignancy in nodules with diameters ≥4 cm was higher compared to the risk of thyroid cancer in TN in general. However, we found a low rate of false-negative cytological results; therefore, our data do not justify the orientation of routine resection for these larger nodules.

Abstract Simultaneous analysis studies of several agronomic traits in cultivated plants make it possible to identify phenotypic and genotypic differences due to environmental variations, such as altitude. Therefore, the objective was to evaluate, through multivariate analysis of agronomic, physicochemical and physiological characters, passion fruit hybrids cultivated in different environments. The hybrids used were Gigante Amarelo, Rubi do Cerrado and Sol do Cerrado, cultivated in the southern region of Espírito Santo in four municipalities/environments: Marataízes (41 m), Jerônimo Monteiro (104 m), Alegre (711 m), and Ibitirama (1016 m). The agronomic characters of the plants, the physical-chemical characteristics of the fruits and the physical, biochemical and physiological qualities of the seeds were analyzed. The Singh method was used to determine the most important differentiating characters between hybrids growing in different environments. Based on these characters, a dissimilarity matrix was generated and a principal coordinate analysis was performed. It was observed that the pulp yield was influenced by altitude. The three hybrids showed greater performance in terms of agronomic characters at altitude (41 m) than at altitude (104 m). The Sol do Cerrado hybrid showed high performance in the physical-chemical characteristics of the fruits at altitude (104 m).

Resumo Estudos de análise simultânea de diversos caracteres agronômicos em plantas cultivadas permitem identificar diferenças fenotípicas e genotípicas devido a variações ambientais, como a altitude. Diante disso, objetivou-se avaliar através da análise multivariada de caracteres agronômicos, fisico-químicos e fisiológicos, híbridos de maracujazeiros cultivados em diferentes ambientes. Os híbridos utilizados foram Gigante Amarelo, Rubi do Cerrado e Sol do Cerrado, cultivados na região sul do Espírito Santo em quatro municípios/ambientes: Marataízes (41 m), Jerônimo Monteiro (104 m), Alegre (711 m), e Ibitirama (1016 m). Foram analisados os caracteres agronômicos das plantas, as características físico-químicas dos frutos e as qualidades físicas, bioquímicas e fisiológicas das sementes. O método Singh foi usado para determinar os caracteres diferenciadores mais importantes entre híbridos crescendo em diferentes ambientes. Com base nesses caracteres, uma matriz de dissimilaridade foi gerada e uma análise de coordenadas principais foi realizada. Observou-se que o rendimento de polpa foi influenciado pela altitude. Os três híbridos apresentaram maior desempenho em termos de caracteres agronômicos na altitude (41 m) do que na altitude (104 m). O híbrido Sol do Cerrado apresentou alto desempenho nas características físico-químicas dos frutos na altitude (104 m).

RESUMO O objetivo do estudo foi selecionar populações F2RC1 de tomateiro anão do tipo saladete promissoras para o desenvolvimento de linhagens baseado em características agronômicas, qualidade de fruto e resistência a mosca branca. O delineamento experimental foi em blocos casualizados contendo 13 tratamentos (10 populações F2RC1 de tomateiro anão, genitores e híbrido comercial) com quatro repetições. Foram avaliados: peso, comprimento, diâmetro, formato, espessura da polpa, número de lóculos, teores de sólidos solúveis, β-caroteno e licopeno do fruto; comprimento do entrenó da planta; teores de acilaçúcares, número de ovos, ninfas e adultos de mosca branca nos folíolos. Os dados foram analisados por ANOVA, índices de seleção e análise multivariada. O primeiro retrocruzamento aumentou as características agronômicas das populações em relação ao genitor doador, principalmente para peso de fruto (169.1%), comprimento do fruto (26.1%) e diâmetro do fruto (16.6%). As populações UFU SDi 7, UFU SDi 9 e UFU-SDi 17 foram selecionadas por dois índices de seleção e são consideradas promissoras.

ABSTRACT This study aimed to select promising F2RC1 populations of saladette-type dwarf tomato plants for the development of breeding lines based on agronomic characteristics, fruit quality, and whitefly resistance. The experimental design was randomized blocks containing 13 treatments (10 F2RC1 populations of dwarf tomato plants, both parents, and a commercial hybrid) with four replicates. The evaluations were performed included weight, length, diameter, shape, pulp thickness, number of locules, soluble solids, β-carotene, and lycopene concentration of the fruit; plant internode length; acylsugars concentration; and number of whitefly eggs, nymphs, and adults on the leaflets. The data were analyzed using ANOVA, selection indices, and multivariate analysis. The first backcross increased the agronomic characteristics of the populations in relation to the donor parent, especially for fruit weight (169.1%), fruit length (26.1%), and fruit diameter (16.6%). The UFU SDi 7, UFU SDi 9, and UFU-SDi 17 populations were selected using two selection indices and were therefore considered promising.

RESUMO A obtenção de vegetais biofortificados, com destaque para a alface, é uma ferramenta para melhorar o estado nutricional da população. Os índices de seleção podem maximizar a seleção simultânea de boas características agronômicas e altos níveis de carotenoides. O objetivo deste estudo foi estimar os parâmetros genéticos e a eficiência de diferentes índices para a seleção de genótipos de alface biofortificados combinados com características agronômicas adequadas. As análises estatísticas foram realizadas com 91 genótipos pertencentes ao banco de germoplasma de alface biofortificada da Universidade Federal de Uberlândia. As variáveis analisadas foram: índice de clorofila das folhas, diâmetro da planta, diâmetro do caule e número de folhas por planta. Os valores encontrados para herdabilidade no sentido restrito (h²) variaram de 89,63% (diâmetro do caule) a 96,05% (clorofila), apresentando alta magnitude. O índice de Smith-Hazel, a soma de “ranks” de Mulamba & Mock, a seleção direta e indireta e o índice base de Williams foram usados para prever os ganhos de seleção. No total, 17 indivíduos foram selecionados usando as metodologias de seleção. Os índices de Smith-Hazel, Williams e Mulamba & Mock são eficientes em mostrar bons ganhos diretos para as características avaliadas. Treze genótipos foram selecionados por todos os índices apresentando características agronômicas favoráveis, sendo promissores para o avanço de geração no programa de melhoramento para obter linhagens de alface biofortificadas.

ABSTRACT Obtaining biofortified vegetables with an emphasis on lettuce is a tool to improve the nutritional status of the population. Selection indices can maximize the simultaneous selection of good agronomic traits and high carotenoid levels. The objective of this study was to estimate the genetic parameters and efficiency of different indices in selecting genotypes of biofortified lettuce with high concentrations of carotenoids and favorable agronomic traits. Statistical analyses were performed on 91 genotypes belonging to the vegetable germplasm bank of the Federal University of Uberlândia, Brazil. The variables analyzed were the chlorophyll index of the leaves, plant diameter, stem diameter, and number of leaves per plant. The values found for narrow sense heritability (h²) ranged from 89.63% (stem diameter) to 96.05% (chlorophyll), showing a high magnitude. The Smith-Hazel index, sum of ranks by the Mulamba & Mock index, direct and indirect selection, and Williams base index were used to predict the selection gains. A total of 17 individuals were selected using the selection methodologies. The Smith-Hazel, Williams, and Mulamba & Mock indices were efficient in showing good direct gains for the evaluated traits. Thirteen genotypes were selected for all indices presenting suitable agronomic traits, which show promise for advancing generations within the breeding program to obtain biofortified lettuce strains.

RESUMO: Doença periodontal é a mais comum doença infecciosa que ocorre em pacientes felinos. Embora ocorra em gatos de ambos os sexos, diferentes faixas etárias e quaisquer raças, a prevalência e a gravidade parece muito maior em gatos que vivem em abrigos para animais. Baseado nesses aspectos e, consequentemente, na importância que ela traz para a medicina felina de gatos de abrigos, o objetivo desse artigo é descrever os aspectos clínicos, radiológicos, citopatológicos e virológicos da doença periodontal e suas complicações em gatos. Para isso, nove gatos com doença periodontal oriundos de um único abrigo de animais foram avaliados. Esses gatos demonstraram uma doença caracterizada por halitose, salivação excessiva e desconforto oral. Linfadenomegalia dos linfonodos mandibulares e retrofaríngeos foi observada em 44,4% dos casos. As lesões orais consistiam de graus variados de hiperemia gengival, perda completa das margens gengivais livres e, consequentemente, retração gengival, deposição de cálculo dental, mobilidade dentária, exposição completa da furca dos pré-molares e molares e das raízes dentárias dos caninos e incisivos, perda de radiopacidade óssea devido à reabsorção de osso alveolar e perda dentária. Complicações incluíram estomatite paradental ulcerativa crônica (22,2%), faucite (22,2%) e gengivoestomatite crônica (11,1%). Nenhum dos gatos afetados pela doença periodontal foi positivo para FIV ou FeLV. Em 33,3% dos casos, os gatos eram portadores do calicivírus felino, mas não do herpesvírus felino.

ABSTRACT: Periodontal disease is the most common infectious disease that occurs in feline patients. Although it occurs in both sexes, different age groups, and any breeds, the prevalence and severity seem much higher in cats living in animal shelters. This paper aimed to describe the clinical, radiological, cytopathological, and virological aspects of periodontal disease and its complications in cats, based on these aspects and, consequently, on the importance it brings to cat feline medicine in shelter cats. For this, nine cats with periodontal disease from a single animal shelter were evaluated. These cats demonstrated a disease characterized by halitosis, excessive salivation, and oral discomfort. Lymphadenomegaly of the mandibular and retropharyngeal lymph nodes was observed in 44.4% of the cases. Oral lesions consisted of varying degrees of gingival hyperemia, complete loss of free gingival margins, and consequently gingival retraction, dental calculus deposition, dental mobility, complete exposure of the furcation of premolars and molars, and dental roots of canines and incisors, loss of bone radiopacity due to alveolar bone resorption and tooth loss. Complications included chronic ulcerative paradental stomatitis (22.2%), faucitis (22.2%), and chronic gingivostomatitis (11.1%). None of the cats affected by periodontal disease was positive for FIV or FeLV. In 33.3% of the cases, cats were carriers of feline calicivirus, but not feline herpesvirus.

ABSTRACT Guava is a fruit that stands out for its aroma, intense flavor, vitamins, and minerals. Its availability as a powdered food enhances its commercial applications. This study aimed to evaluate mathematical models for adsorption isotherms and determine the properties and flowability of guava pulp powder obtained by foam-mat drying. The models of GAB, BET, Henderson and Oswin were fitted to determine the isotherms of powders with 4 and 8% albumin, at temperatures of 35°C and 45°C. The powders were evaluated by wall friction angle, flow index, apparent density, and particle microstructure analysis. The best fit to the isotherms was obtained by the GAB model. Wall friction angle ranged from 15.7 to 21.9° and from 13.6 to 20.4° for samples containing 4 and 8% albumin, respectively. Higher densities were observed in the powder containing 8% albumin. The powders were classified as easy flowing when the flow index was between 8.00 and 8.68. The presence of albumin in powders resulted in particles with less rough surfaces, less hygroscopicity, and improved flowability.

Abstract This paper presents the characterization of dielectric properties (dielectric permittivity and dielectric loss factor) of Tommy Atkins mango (Mangifera indica L), a fruit produced in several regions of Brazil, of great economic importance. The fruits were characterized according to their maturation index, by probe method, and identified by the yellowish tone in their bark. The results allowed correlating the dielectric characteristics of the fruit with the physicochemical transformations that occurred in the maturation process of the mango Tommy. It was also verified a greater variation in the frequencies below 1 GHz, with the maturation indicated by the dielectric signature on the fifth day after the harvest. From these results, we can observe the use of electromagnetic materials and techniques in the solution and optimization of processes in agriculture can improve the quality of products consumed or suggesting best practices to the productive sector.

RESUMO As condições climáticas durante o ciclo da cultura são os principais fatores responsáveis pela produção final de qualquer cultivo. Este estudo teve o objetivo de avaliar as condições atuais e os efeitos dos cenários de mudanças climáticas sobre a produtividade da soja cultivada na região de Matopiba, localizada entre os Estados do Tocantins, Sul e Nordeste do Maranhão, Sul do Piauí e Oeste da Bahia. O modelo AquaCrop, versão 5.0 da FAO foi calibrado com dados do ano de 2014 e validado com os de 2016 em Palmas, TO, usando parâmetros de clima, solo, manejo da cultura coletados em duas campanhas experimentais realizadas entre os meses de junho e outubro nos anos de 2014 e 2016. O desempenho do modelo foi avaliado utilizando os indicadores estatísticos: erro de previsão (EP), coeficiente de determinação (R2), raiz quadrada do erro médio normalizado (RMSEN), coeficiente de eficiência do modelo Nash-Sutcliffe (EF) e o índice de concordância de Willmott (d). Verificou-se que o modelo AquaCrop subestima a produtividade de grãos de soja, na condição de déficit hídrico severo durante todo o ciclo do cultivo. O aumento da concentração de CO2 e da temperatura, projetada pelos modelos climáticos HadGEM2-ES e MIROC5 sob o cenário de estabilização (RCP 4.5) e o cenário de progressão RCP 8.5, contribuem para o aumento da produtividade de soja até o final deste século.

ABSTRACT The climatic conditions along the cycle are the main factors responsible for the final production of any crop. This study aimed to evaluate the current conditions and the effects of climate change scenarios on the yield of soybean grown in the Matopiba region, located between the states of Tocantins, south and northeast of Maranhão, south of Piauí and west of Bahia, Brazil. The AquaCrop model of FAO, version 5.0, was calibrated with data of 2014 and validated with those of 2016, using climate, soil and crop management parameters collected in two experimental campaigns conducted between June and October in 2014 and 2016 in Palmas, TO, Brazil. The performance of the model was evaluated using the following statistical indicators: prediction error (PE), coefficient of determination (R2), normalized root mean square error (NRMSE), Nash-Sutcliffe model efficiency coefficient (EF) and Willmott’s index of agreement (d). It was verified that the AquaCrop model underestimates soybean grain yield under severe water stress conditions throughout the growing cycle. The increase in CO2 concentration and in the air temperature, projected by the climate models HadGEM2-ES and MIROC5 under the scenario of stabilization (RCP 4.5) and the scenario of progression (RCP 8.5), have contributed to the increase in soybean yield by the end of this century.

RESUMO A berinjela é um alimento funcional rico em antioxidantes e o seu consumo traz diversos benefícios para a saúde humana. Os compostos fenólicos e antocianinas são alguns dos compostos que interferem nesta capacidade antioxidante, podendo ser influenciados pela nutrição mineral da planta. O objetivo foi analisar efeitos da adubação potássica e fosfatada nas características agronômicas, físico-químicas e nos compostos bioativos de frutos de berinjeleira. O trabalho foi conduzido no Sítio Taboquinha, município de Baldim, MG, sob as coordenadas 19º 17’ 12,5” S e 43º 54’ 01” W no período de março a outubro de 2017. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi de blocos casualizados em esquema fatorial 4 x 4 com quatro repetições. Os fatores em estudo foram fósforo e potássio representados por quatro doses de P2O5 (0, 60, 120 e 180 kg ha-1) e quatro doses de K2O (0, 25, 50 e 75 kg ha-1), respectivamente. Concluiu-se que a adubação potássica e fosfatada não promoveram melhorias nas características agronômicas e físico-químicas nos frutos de berinjeleira; entretanto, a adubação potássica em maiores quantidades promoveu melhorias no teor de compostos fenólicos. A carência de fósforo aumentou o teor de antocianinas nos frutos, mas, interferiu negativamente na sua forma. As adubações potássica e fosfatada produziram efeitos antagônicos na umidade dos frutos.

ABSTRACT Eggplant is a functional food rich in antioxidants and its consumption brings several benefits to human health. Phenolic compounds and anthocyanins are some of the compounds that interfere in this antioxidant capacity and may be influenced by the mineral nutrition of the plant. The objective was to analyze the effects of potassium and phosphate fertilization on the agronomic and physico-chemical characteristics and bioactive compounds of eggplant fruits. The work was carried out at the Taboquinha Farm, in the municipality of Baldim, MG, at coordinates 19º 17’ 12.5” S and 43º 54’ 01” W, from March to October 2017. The experimental design was randomized blocks in a 4 x 4 factorial scheme with four replicates. The factors under study were phosphorus and potassium represented by four doses of P2O5 (0, 60, 120 and 180 kg ha-1) and four doses of K2O (0, 25, 50 and 75 kg ha-1), respectively. It was concluded that potassium and phosphate fertilization did not improve the agronomic and physico-chemical characteristics of eggplant fruits; however, potassium fertilization in greater amounts promoted improvements in the contents of phenolic compounds. The lack of phosphorus increased the anthocyanin content in the fruits, but interfered negatively in their shape. Potassium and phosphate fertilizations produced antagonistic effects on fruit moisture content.

Resumo No processo de beneficiamento da vermiculita é gerado um resíduo fino para o qual atualmente ainda não foi desenvolvida uma aplicação que possibilite a utilização em larga escala. Uma alternativa que vem sendo estudada é a associação com cimento Portland em composições de argamassas e concretos, em função da composição química do resíduo: elevada quantidade de alumínio, silício e magnésio, que podem apresentar interações com o ligante. Como o objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar unicamente o impacto do uso do resíduo nas propriedades no estado endurecido das argamassas cimentícias, as composições foram misturadas utilizando-se a mesma relação água/sólidos, independente das alterações na consistência. Os teores de substituição foram variados de 5 a 20% e as propriedades no estado endurecido foram avaliadas a partir de ensaios de Arquimedes, resistência à tração na compressão diametral, módulo de elasticidade dinâmico e permeabilidade ao ar. Os resultados indicaram que até o teor de 10% de substituição não houve alterações estatisticamente significativas nos produtos, independente do processo de calcinação.

Abstract In the process to obtaining vermiculite a fine residue is generated, which does not yet have a large-scale application. An alternative that has been studied is the association with Portland cement in mortar and concrete formulations, due to the chemical composition of the residue: high amount of aluminium, silicon and magnesium which may have interactions with the binder. As the objective of this work was to evaluate the impact of the use of the residue on the cementitious compositions without altering the water-to-solid ratio, the compositions were mixed using the same amount of water, independently of the changes in the consistency of the mortars. Replacement levels were varied from 5 to 20% and Archimedes immersion, tensile strength in diametrical compression, dynamic modulus of elasticity and air permeability tests were used. The results indicated that up to the 10% substitution content there were no statistically significant changes in the products, independently of calcination process.

RESUMO A técnica de substituição de açúcar em dois estágios (D3S) foi utilizada para induzir a troca de açúcares na manga. Esta técnica envolve dois estágios, nos quais os açúcares de alto teor calórico são parcialmente removidos das amostras de frutas no primeiro estágio e, no segundo, açúcar de baixa caloria é incorporado à manga. Ondas ultrassônicas podem ser aplicadas em um ou ambos estágios e seu uso também foi avaliado neste trabalho. Os resultados indicaram que submeter as amostras às ondas ultrassônicas (25 kHz) nos dois estágios e sua imersão em solução a base Stevia (250 ou 500 g kg-1) no segundo estágio por 10, 20 e 30 min de processamento resultou em maiores perdas de água durante o processo, enquanto maiores valores de ganho de sólidos foram obtidos pela aplicação do ultrassom apenas no primeiro estágio. As amostras também foram avaliadas em relação a alguns parâmetros de qualidade. O uso desta técnica resultou em amostras com maiores valores de fenólicos totais e em mudanças nos parâmetros de cor (L*, a* e b*). Quando as amostras foram submetidas às ondas ultrassônicas em ambos estágios, uma maior retenção de carotenoides foi observada.

ABSTRACT The dual-stage sugar substitution technique (D3S) was used to induce sugar replacement in mango. It involved two stages, in which high-calorie sugars were partially removed from the fruit samples in the first stage and, in the second one, low-calorie sugar was incorporated into the mango. Ultrasonic waves can be applied in one or both stages and their use was also evaluated in this study. Results showed that submitting samples to ultrasonic waves (25 kHz) in both stages and their immersion in Stevia-based solution (250 or 500 g kg-1) in the second stage for 10, 20 and 30 min of processing gave higher water loss during the process, while greater solids gain could be achieved by applying ultrasound only in the first stage. Samples were also evaluated in terms of some quality parameters. The use of this technique resulted in samples with higher values of total phenolic content and changes in color parameters (L*, a* and b*). When samples were subjected to ultrasonic waves in both stages, a higher carotenoid retention was observed.