Abstract The common bottlenose dolphin, Tursiops truncatus, is widely distributed. However, information about its ecology and behavior in Brazilian waters is scarce especially about the ‘offshore’ ecotype, an Evolutionarily Significant Unit in the Southwest Atlantic. We report for the first time the occurrence, behavior and habitat use of bottlenose dolphins Tursiops truncatus truncatus, in two Marine Protected Areas (MPA) in Cabo Frio coast, Brazil. There were fifteen sightings of different groups throughout the year. An overall of 429 individuals were photo-identified. 90.7% dolphins did not present a degree of residence, 1.4% dolphins were considered with high residency to the area, 5.8% medium and 2.1% low. Our habitat use map indicated dolphins were more common off ~10km from Cabo Frio municipality and between depths around 20-70m. Bottlenose dolphins on Cabo Frio coast were more frequently observed performing travelling, followed by foraging and socio-sexual behavior. Group sizes varied from three to 120 individuals. Larger groups were observed when travelling and foraging. Despite the existence of two local Marine Protected Areas, the fast human development in Cabo Frio may threaten this important area for bottlenose dolphins in terms of food resources and shelter from predators.

Bryde's whales, Balaenoptera edeni Anderson, 1879, were observed on 17 occasions (N = 21 surveys) in the coastal waters off Rio de Janeiro in southeastern Brazil during austral summer through autumn 2014. Five whales were individually identified using photo-identification techniques. The mean interval between resightings for all individuals was 12.8 days, with a minimum of one day and a maximum of 48 days. The comparison between the catalogs of Bryde's whales off Rio de Janeiro and the Cabo Frio region revealed matches for three individuals. The resightings show movements of up to 149.6 km along the coastal waters off the state of Rio de Janeiro. Most of the observations consisted of solitary individuals (82.3% of sightings). Feeding was the predominant behavior observed (47%), followed by milling (35.3%) and travelling (17.6%) in waters up to 48 m deep. Direct observations resulted in the addition of new prey, such as snubnose anchovy, Anchoviella brevirostris (Günther, 1868) and white snake mackerel, Thyrsitops lepidopoides (Cuvier, 1832), to the known diet of the Bryde's whale. A long time series of photo-identification efforts in the Rio de Janeiro, the Cabo Frio region and other areas can elucidate fundamental aspects of spatial and temporal site fidelity knowledge of Bryde's whales in southeastern Brazil.

OBJETIVO: Identificar os fatores associados aos índices de desenvolvimento mental e motor em lactentes que frequentam creches da rede municipal em Recife. MÉTODOS: Estudo de corte transversal realizado entre fevereiro e abril de 2005 em uma amostra de 108 crianças com idade entre quatro e 24 meses, pertencentes a quatro creches municipais do Recife. O desenvolvimento mental e motor foi avaliado pela Escala de Desenvolvimento Infantil de Bayley II. Por meio de entrevistas às mães, foram obtidas informações sobre as condições socioeconômicas e demográficas das famílias e as características biológicas das crianças ao nascer (peso, sexo e idade gestacional). O estado nutricional foi avaliado através dos índices peso/idade, comprimento/idade, peso/comprimento e da concentração de hemoglobina. RESULTADOS: As médias dos índices de desenvolvimento mental e motor foram 88±11 e 95±12 pontos, respectivamente. A idade gestacional apresentou associação significativa com o desenvolvimento mental e motor e o peso ao nascer e o estado nutricional atual, avaliado pelo índice peso/comprimento, se associaram ao desenvolvimento motor. CONCLUSÕES: As crianças analisadas apresentaram desenvolvimento neuropsicomotor ainda na faixa de normalidade, mas aquém do esperado para a idade, comparado a populações de referência em países desenvolvidos. Os fatores associados ao baixo desempenho do desenvolvimento nessa população estão relacionados aos fatores biológicos, destacando-se os déficits nutricionais, cuja redução deve ser uma prioridade para gestores em saúde e educação.

OBJECTIVE: To identify factors associated with mental and psychomotor development of infants enrolled at public day care centers of Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil. METHODS: This is a cross-sectional study conducted with 108 infants aged four to 24 months attending four public day care centers of the Municipality of Recife from February to April 2005. Mental and psychomotor development was assessed by the Bayley Scale of Infant Development II. Family socioeconomic and demographic conditions and infant biological characteristics at birth (weight, sex and gestational age) were obtained by maternal interview. Nutritional status was assessed by the indexes "weight-for-age", "length-for-age" and "weight-for-length" and by hemoglobin level. RESULTS: Mean mental and psychomotor development indexes were 88±11 and 95±12, respectively. Gestational age showed significant association with mental and psychomotor development. Birthweight and current nutritional status assessed by "weight-for-length" were associated with psychomotor development. CONCLUSIONS: Mental and psychomotor development were in the the normal range, but, below the expected for infants of the same age group of reference populations in developed countries. The factors associated with poor developmental indexes in this population are related to biological factors, with emphasis on nutritional deficits. Their reduction should be a priority for health and educational policy managers.