We investigate the structural, optical, thermal-optical, and electronic properties of TiNx thin films utilizing a variety of experimental techniques, including spectroscopic ellipsometry, Raman spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy, thermal lens spectroscopy, and UV-VIS spectroscopy. Our experimental results indicate a remarkable metallic character in the TiNx thin films deposited under lower N2 flow during treatment, as well as an increase in reflectance in the infrared region and thermal diffusivity as the partial N2 flow is reduced, which is consistent with previous experimental studies. The microscopic origin of these trends is explained in terms of the atomic structure of the system, where Ti atoms contribute free carriers that interact with IR radiation and N atoms create imperfections in the lattice, causing greater scattering of phonons, respectively. The experimental results also indicate that the roughness of the films produced with a lower N2 partial flow was lower than that of the films with a higher N2 partial flow. To explain the deviation of optical properties from the ideal case, surface oxidation is also investigated. This facilitates the coating of smarting windows with TiNx thin films. structural thermaloptical, thermaloptical thermal-optical techniques ellipsometry spectroscopy microscopy UVVIS UV VIS treatment reduced studies system lattice phonons respectively case investigated

Objetivando complementar a discussão sobre o sistema solar, apresentamos uma maquete construída a partir de material de baixo custo e que tem a finalidade de oferecer aos alunos uma visão espacial e dinâmica dos movimentos dos planetas. Trata-se de uma maquete do sistema solar em que as posições dos planetas podem ser manualmente variadas de acordo com as leis de Kepler. Com isso, propomos tornar mais compreensível a dinâmica dos corpos celestes ao expor de uma maneira tátil e observacional a relação entre seus movimentos reais e seus movimentos aparentes observados pelos astrônomos quando estudam o céu noturno a olho nu. Associado a uma discussão sobre a astronomia, partindo de uma contextualização histórica desde os antepassados até a atualidade, o uso da maquete favorece a compreensão dos motivos que levaram aos erros e acertos dos modelos de sistema celeste propostos até o modelo atualmente aceito. Para que a construção da maquete seja viável, são apresentados todos os parâmetros necessários, tais como as distâncias dos planetas ao Sol e as ferramentas matemáticas para obtenção dos valores na escala da maquete.

Aiming to complement the discussion about the solar system, we present a mock-up made with low cost material which aims to offer the spacial view and the dynamics of the planetary motion to students. It consists in a mock-up of the Solar System in which the position of the planets can be varied in accordance with Kepler's laws. With this, we propose to make the dynamics of the heavenly bodies more comprehensive by exposing in a tactile way the relationship among their actual and apparent motions that are observed by astronomers when they study the sky with naked eyes. Combined with a discussion about Astronomy, starting from a historic context from the ancients up to nowadays, the use of the mock-up favors to comprehend the motives that led to errors and hits of the models of heavenly system proposed until the nowadays accepted one. For the mock-up building, all the necessary parameters are given in this article, such as the distances from the planets to the Sun and the mathematical tools for the calculus of the values in the scale of the mock-up.