ABSTRACT This case report describes the clinical characteristics and ophthalmic management of a patient who developed corneal perforation due to severe enophthalmos consistent with “silent brain syndrome.” A 27-year-old man with a history of congenital hydrocephalus and ventriculoperitoneal shunt was referred with complaints of “sinking of the eyeballs” and progressively decreasing vision in the left eye. Examination revealed severe bilateral enophthalmos in addition to superonasal corneal perforation with iris prolapse in the left eye. The patient underwent therapeutic keratoplasty the next day. Orbital reconstruction with costochondral graft and shunt revision of the intracranial hypotension were performed the next month to prevent further progression.

RESUMO Este relato de caso descreve as características clínicas e o manejo cirúrgico de um paciente que teve perfuração da córnea devido à enoftalmia grave consistente com a “síndrome do cérebro silencioso”. Um homem de 27 anos com história de hidrocefalia congênita e derivação ventrículo-peritoneal foi encaminhado com queixas de “afundamento dos globos oculares” e diminuição progressiva da visão no olho esquerdo. O exame revelou enoftalmo bilateral importante, além de perfuração superonasal da córnea com prolapso iriano no olho esquerdo. A paciente foi submetida à ceratoplastia terapêutica no dia seguinte. Foi realizado no mês seguinte a reconstrução da órbita com enxerto costocondral e revisão do shunt para evitar progressão e piora do caso.

Abstract INTRODUCTION We aimed to describe the sociodemographic, epidemiological, and clinical characteristics of patients with chronic Chagas disease (CD) at an infectious disease referral center. Changes in patient profiles over time were also evaluated. METHODS This retrospective study included patients with CD from November 1986-December 2019. All patients underwent an evaluation protocol that included sociodemographic profile; epidemiological history; anamnesis; and physical, cardiologic, and digestive examinations. Trend differences for each 5-year period from 1986 to 2019 were tested using a nonparametric trend test for continuous and generalized linear models with binomial distribution for categorical variables. RESULTS A total of 2,168 patients (52.2% women) were included, with a mean age of 47.8 years old. White patients with low levels of education predominated. The reported transmission mode was vectorial in 90.2% of cases. The majority came from areas with a high prevalence (52.2%) and morbidity (67.8%) of CD. The most common clinical presentation was the indeterminate form (44.9%). The number of patients referred gradually decreased and the age at admission increased during the study period, as did the patients’ levels of education. CONCLUSIONS The clinical profile of CD is characterized by a predominance of the indeterminate form of the disease. Regarding the patients who were followed up at the referral center, there was a progressive increase in the mean age and a concomitant decrease in the number of new patients. This reflects the successful control of vector and transfusion transmission in Brazil as well as the aging population of patients with CD.

Abstract: Psoriasis is a chronic inflammatory disease that affects 1.3% of the Brazilian population. The most common clinical manifestations are erythematous, scaling lesions that affect both genders and can occur on any anatomical site, preferentially involving the knees, elbows, scalp and genitals. Besides the impact on the quality of life, the systemic nature of the disease makes psoriasis an independent risk factor for cardiovascular disease, especially in young patients with severe disease. By an initiative of the Brazilian Society of Dermatology, dermatologists with renowned clinical experience in the management of psoriasis were invited to form a work group that, in a partnership with the Brazilian Medical Association, dedicated themselves to create the Plaque Psoriasis Diagnostic and Treatment Guidelines. The relevant issues for the diagnosis (evaluation of severity and comorbidities) and treatment of plaque psoriasis were defined. The issues generated a search strategy in the Medline-PubMed database up to July 2018. Subsequently, the answers to the questions of the recommendations were devised, and each reference selected presented the respective level of recommendation and strength of scientific evidence. The final recommendations for making up the final text were worded by the coordinators.

Resumo Justificativa: A hipotermia ocorre em até 20% dos pacientes no perioperatório. A monitoração sistemática pós-operatória da temperatura não é um padrão de atendimento no Brasil e há poucas publicações sobre recuperação da temperatura na sala de recuperação pós-anestésica. Desenho e cenário: Estudo multicêntrico, observacional, transversal, conduzido no Hospital de Base do Distrito Federal e no Hospital Materno Infantil de Brasília. Métodos: Na admissão e alta da sala de recuperação pós-anestesia, os pacientes submetidos a procedimentos cirúrgicos eletivos ou de urgência foram avaliados de acordo com a temperatura timpânica, sinais vitais, eventos adversos perioperatórios, tempo de permanência na sala de recuperação pós-anestesia e tempo de internação hospitalar. Resultados: Setenta e oito pacientes com idades entre 18 e 85 anos foram avaliados. A incidência de temperatura <36 ºC na admissão à sala de recuperação pós-anestesia foi de 69,2%. Raquianestesia (p < 0,0001), cesariana (p = 0,03) e os pacientes que receberam morfina (p = 0,005) e sufentanil (p = 0,003) apresentaram temperaturas significativamente menores ao longo do tempo. Durante a permanência na sala de recuperação pós-anestesia, os pacientes idosos apresentaram uma tendência maior a apresentarem hipotermia e menor capacidade de recuperação dessa condição, em comparação com os pacientes jovens (p < 0,001). Anestesia combinada também foi associada a taxas mais altas de hipotermia, seguida pelas anestesias regional e geral isoladas (p < 0,001). Conclusão: Em conclusão, este estudo piloto mostrou que a hipotermia perioperatória ainda é um problema prevalente em nossa prática anestésica. Mais de metade dos pacientes analisados apresentaram hipotermia durante a admissão à sala de recuperação pós-anestésica. Demonstramos a viabilidade de um grande estudo multicêntrico, transversal, de hipotermia pós-operatória em sala de recuperação pós-anestésica.

Abstract Background: Hypothermia occurs in up to 20% of perioperative patients. Systematic postoperative temperature monitoring is not a standard of care in Brazil and there are few publications about temperature recovery in the postoperative care unit. Design and setting: Multicenter, observational, cross-sectional study, at Hospital de Base do Distrito Federal and Hospital Materno Infantil de Brasília. Methods: At admission and discharge from postoperative care unit, patients undergoing elective or urgent surgical procedures were evaluated according to tympanic temperature, vital signs, perioperative adverse events, and length of stay in postoperative care unit and length of hospital stay. Results: 78 patients, from 18 to 85 years old, were assessed. The incidence of temperatures <36 ºC at postoperative care unit admission was 69.2%. Spinal anesthesia (p < 0.0001), cesarean section (p = 0.03), and patients who received morphine (p = 0.005) and sufentanil (p = 0.003) had significantly lower temperatures through time. During postoperative care unit stay, the elderly presented a greater tendency to hypothermia and lower recovery ability from this condition when compared to young patients (p < 0.001). Combined anesthesia was also associated to higher rates of hypothermia, followed by regional and general anesthesia alone (p < 0.001). Conclusion: In conclusion, this pilot study showed that perioperative hypothermia is still a prevalent problem in our anesthetic practice. More than half of the analyzed patients presented hypothermia through postoperative care unit admission. We have demonstrated the feasibility of a large, multicenter, cross-sectional study of postoperative hypothermia in the post-anesthetic care unit.

ABSTRACT Background: Acute myeloid leukemia presenting the MYST3-CREBBP fusion gene is a rare subgroup associated with hemophagocytosis in early infancy and monocytic differentiation. The aim of this study was to define the relevant molecular cytogenetic characteristics of a unique series of early infancy acute myeloid leukemia cases (≤24 months old), based on the presence of hemophagocytosis by blast cells at diagnosis. Methods: A series of 266 infant cases of acute myeloid leukemia was the reference cohort for the present analysis. Acute myeloid leukemia cases with hemophagocytosis by blast cells were reviewed to investigate the presence of the MYST3-CREBBP fusion gene by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) and reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. Results: Eleven cases with hemophagocytosis were identified with hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis being ruled out. Six cases were classified as myelomonocytic leukemia, three as AML-M7 and two as AML-M2. In five cases, the presence of the MYST3-CREBBP fusion gene identified by molecular cytogenetics was confirmed by fluorescence in situ hybridization. All patients received treatment according to the Berlin-Frankfürt-Münster acute myeloid leukemia protocols and only one out of the five patients with the MYST3-CREBBP fusion gene is still alive. Conclusions: Our findings demonstrate that the presence of hemophagocytosis in acute myeloid leukemia was not exclusively associated to the MYST3-CREBBP fusion gene. Improvements in molecular cytogenetics may help to elucidate more complex chromosomal rearrangements in infants with acute myeloid leukemia and hemophagocytosis.

Bacteriocins are antibacterial, proteinaceous substances that mediate microbial dynamics. Bacteriocin production is a highly disseminated property among all major lineages of bacteria, including Shigella. In this paper, we addressed the purification and characterisation of a bacteriocin produced by a Shigella sonnei strain (SS9) isolated from a child with acute diarrhoea. The substance was purified through ammonium-sulphate precipitation and sequential steps of chromatography. The intracellular fraction obtained at 75% ammonium sulphate maintained activity following exposure to pH values from 1-11 and storage at -80ºC for more than two years and was inactivated by high temperatures and proteases. The molecular mass of the purified bacteriocin was determined by mass spectrometry to be 18.56 kDa. The N-terminal sequence of the bacteriocin did not match any other antibacterial proteins described. A putative new bacteriocin produced by S. sonnei has been detected. This bacteriocin may represent a newly described protein or a previously described protein with a newly detected function. Considering that SS9 expresses antagonism against other diarrhoeagenic bacteria, the bacteriocin may contribute to S. sonnei virulence and is potentially applicable to either preventing or controlling diarrhoeal disease.

OBJETIVO: Identificar a prevalência de perda auditiva da população urbana. MÉTODOS: Estudo domiciliar transversal em 298 domicílios da área urbana de Monte Negro, RO, de 2005 a 2007. O estudo foi baseado no Protocolo de Pesquisa em Audição e Distúrbios da Audição, da Organização Mundial da Saúde. Exames de orelha, audiometria comportamental e audiometria tonal foram realizados em 577 indivíduos estudados. RESULTADOS: Foram classificados na categoria de deficiência auditiva incapacitante 3,8% (IC95% 2,17;5,45) do total dos indivíduos estudados. A prevalência de deficiência auditiva moderada foi de 3,4%; deficiência auditiva severa foi de 0,4%. Não foi encontrada deficiência auditiva profunda. CONCLUSÕES: O grau de prevalência de perda auditiva incapacitante encontrada no estudo foi equivalente à prevalência internacional para este grau e menor quando comparada ao resultado obtido em estudo anterior na região Sul do Brasil.

OBJECTIVE: To identify the prevalence of hearing loss for the population in the urban area. METHODS: A cross-sectional household survey based on the World Health Organization Ear and Hearing Disorders Survey Protocol was conducted in 298 households in the urban area of Monte Negro, Rondonia, Northern Brazil, from 2005 to 2007. Ear examinations, behavioral audiometry and pure tone audiometry were conducted on 577 individuals. RESULTS: The results showed that 3.8% (95%CI 2.17;5.45) of population were classified in the disabling hearing impairment category. The prevalence of moderate hearing impairment was 3.4%; severe impairment was 0.4%; and profound hearing impairment was not found. CONCLUSIONS: The impairing hearing loss prevalence found in this study is within of the international prevalence for this level of hearing loss and smaller than observed in a previous study in the South region of Brazil.

OBJETIVO: Identificar la prevalencia de pérdida auditiva de la población urbana. MÉTODOS: Estudio domiciliar transversal en 298 domicilios del área urbana de Monte Negro, RO, Brasil, de 2005 a 2007. El estudio se basó en el Protocolo de Investigación en Audición y Disturbios de la Audición, de la Organización Mundial de la Salud. Se realizaron exámenes de oreja, audiometría conductual y audiometría tonal en 577 de los individuos estudiados. RESULTADOS: Se clasificaron en la categoría de deficiencia auditiva incapacitante, 3,8% (95% IC 2,17;5,45) de los individuos estudiados. La prevalencia de deficiencia auditiva moderada fue de 3,4%; deficiencia auditiva severa fue de 0,4%. No se encontró deficiencia auditiva profunda. CONCLUSIONES: El estudio estableció la prevalencia de 3,8% de pérdida auditiva en la región de Monte Negro.

OBJETIVO: Identificar a prevalência de perda auditiva da população urbana. MÉTODOS: Estudo domiciliar transversal em 298 domicílios da área urbana de Monte Negro, RO, de 2005 a 2007. O estudo foi baseado no Protocolo de Pesquisa em Audição e Distúrbios da Audição, da Organização Mundial da Saúde. Exames de orelha, audiometria comportamental e audiometria tonal foram realizados em 577 indivíduos estudados. RESULTADOS: Foram classificados na categoria de deficiência auditiva incapacitante 3,8% (IC95% 2,17;5,45) do total dos indivíduos estudados. A prevalência de deficiência auditiva moderada foi de 3,4%; deficiência auditiva severa foi de 0,4%. Não foi encontrada deficiência auditiva profunda. CONCLUSÕES: O grau de prevalência de perda auditiva incapacitante encontrada no estudo foi equivalente à prevalência internacional para este grau e menor quando comparada ao resultado obtido em estudo anterior na região Sul do Brasil.

OBJECTIVE: To identify the prevalence of hearing loss for the population in the urban area. METHODS: A cross-sectional household survey based on the World Health Organization Ear and Hearing Disorders Survey Protocol was conducted in 298 households in the urban area of Monte Negro, Rondonia, Northern Brazil, from 2005 to 2007. Ear examinations, behavioral audiometry and pure tone audiometry were conducted on 577 individuals. RESULTS: The results showed that 3.8% (95%CI 2.17;5.45) of population were classified in the disabling hearing impairment category. The prevalence of moderate hearing impairment was 3.4%; severe impairment was 0.4%; and profound hearing impairment was not found. CONCLUSIONS: The impairing hearing loss prevalence found in this study is within of the international prevalence for this level of hearing loss and smaller than observed in a previous study in the South region of Brazil.

OBJETIVO: Identificar la prevalencia de pérdida auditiva de la población urbana. MÉTODOS: Estudio domiciliar transversal en 298 domicilios del área urbana de Monte Negro, RO, Brasil, de 2005 a 2007. El estudio se basó en el Protocolo de Investigación en Audición y Disturbios de la Audición, de la Organización Mundial de la Salud. Se realizaron exámenes de oreja, audiometría conductual y audiometría tonal en 577 de los individuos estudiados. RESULTADOS: Se clasificaron en la categoría de deficiencia auditiva incapacitante, 3,8% (95% IC 2,17;5,45) de los individuos estudiados. La prevalencia de deficiencia auditiva moderada fue de 3,4%; deficiencia auditiva severa fue de 0,4%. No se encontró deficiencia auditiva profunda. CONCLUSIONES: El estudio estableció la prevalencia de 3,8% de pérdida auditiva en la región de Monte Negro.