ABSTRACT This study was developed to carry out selection, estimate genetic parameters and predict individual genetic values of 55 genotypes from S2 families as well as estimate genetic dissimilarity based on physiological seed attributes. All S2 genotypes evaluated were obtained from self-pollination of S1 genotypes from the guava breeding program. The experiment was laid out in blocks with 55 S2 genotypes and four blocks. Genetic parameters were estimated and the best genotypes were selected based on the genetic value, using the statistical method of mixed models. In addition, genetic divergence was estimated based on the mean Euclidean distance. Although heritability values were considered medium to high magnitude for germination (0.22) and germination speed index (0.35), genetic gains were obtained for all traits. Based on the evaluation of individual BLUPs, the S2 genotypes that contributed to most of the evaluated traits were: 5, 31, 85, 214, 369, 393, 398, 442, 443, 444, 449 and 529, suggesting potential to generate vigorous. Through genetic dissimilarity, it was possible to verify the formation of five distinct groups. Therefore, the selection of divergent genotypes with high average for germination is recommended for the advancement of generation in the guava breeding plant.

ABSTRACT Guava is of great economic importance in Brazil. The development of new cultivars by obtaining inbreeding lines has been a promising option. The objective of this work was to evaluate the S2 families of Psidium guajava using seed attributes. Different characters of physiological quality of guava seeds were studied, in addition to performing digital phenotyping of characteristics of geometry, texture and colors of the seeds. The variables were analyzed simultaneously using the Ward-Modified Location Model (MLM) method and carried out individual analyses of variance for estimating genetic parameters of the population. The formation of more than one group of divergent genotypes was observed, the geometry characteristics were more impacting for the discrimination of the genotypes, a high phenotypic correlation was observed with the germination variables and dry matter weight. High heritabilities were verified for the variables related to seed quality, indicating success in selecting vigorous genotypes. The Ward-MLM method is a useful tool to detect genetic diversity among genotypes of inbred guava. Thus, the most divergent genotypes with high germination potential can be recommended for future crosses or self-fertilized to obtain new lines in the guava breeding program.

ABSTRACT Anthurium solitarium Schott is a species that might be used both as potted plant and cut foliage, but it is indispensable to have an adequate substrate to achieve desirable growth and commercial standard. Thus, the present research aimed at evaluating the ornamental potential and commercial quality of Anthurium solitarium grown in bamboo compost. The experimental design was in randomized blocks, with six substrates and three replicates with five plants in each experimental plot. Seedlings were grown for 270 days in substrates containing different percentages (v:v) of bamboo compost (BC) and coconut fiber (CF): T1 (100% CF), T2 (75% CF + 25% BC), T3 (50% CF + 50% BC), T4 (25% CF + 75% BC), T5 (100% BC); and a control treatment, T6 - commercial substrate Basaplant® (100% CS). The number of leaves, the leaf area, leaf (LDW) and root dry weight (RDW), root length and volume, LDW/RDW ratio and total dry weight. Leaf nutrient contents were determined. The ornamental potential, commercial acceptance and quality of the plants were also evaluated. Plants grown in substrates with BC showed higher growth, ornamental potential, market quality and acceptance than those grown in CF and CS.

Resumo A goiaba é uma fruta de importância no Brasil e no mundo. No entanto, as pesquisas ainda precisam avançar na área de melhoramento genético e na tecnologia de sementes que é fator fundamental na busca de novos genótipos produtivos e com potencial germinativo, dando apoio a continuidade dos programas de melhoramento. Na busca de metodologia para teste de análise de rotina de sementes de goiaba sob controle genético objetivou-se avaliar o efeito da temperatura e do substrato na germinação de sementes de goiaba oriundas de famílias de irmãos completos. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi o inteiramente casualizado, em esquema fatorial 5 x 4, constituído pela combinação de cinco temperaturas (25, 30, 35, 20-30 e 25-35 °C) e quatro substratos (rolo de papel, sobre papel, entre areia e sobre areia), com oito repetições de 50 sementes. Foram avaliadas a germinação, o índice de velocidade de germinação e sementes não germinadas vivas. As temperaturas alternadas de 20-30 e 25-35 °C e os substratos rolo de papel, sobre papel e entre areia são as condições adequadas para condução de testes de germinação com sementes de goiaba.

Abstract Guava is an important fruit in Brazil and worldwide. However, research has yet to advance on its breeding and seed technology, an essential factor for the development of productive genotypes with germination potential which would support the continuity of breeding programs. In search of a methodology for routine analysis testing of guava seeds under genetic control, this study examined the effect of temperature and substrate on the germination of guava seeds from full-sib families. The experiment was laid out in a completely randomized design with a 5 × 4 factorial arrangement consisting of the combination of five temperatures (25, 30, 35, 20-30 and 25-35 °C) and four substrates (paper roll, on-paper, in-sand and on-sand), with eight replicates of 50 seeds. Germination, germination speed index and live ungerminated seeds were evaluated. The alternating temperatures of 20-30 and 25-35 °C and the paper roll, on-paper and in-sand substrates are adequate conditions for germination tests with guava seeds.

Resumo: A propagação do maracujazeiro azedo em pomares comerciais é realizada por sementes, no entanto, a germinação das sementes ocorre de maneira irregular. Dentre os fatores que influenciam à germinação no maracujazeiro azedo, a luminosidade atua como ativador para quebra de dormência em Passifloracea, e está diretamente ligada com a profundidade de semeadura. O objetivo no trabalho foi avaliar a emergência e o desenvolvimento de plântulas de maracujazeiro azedo sob diferentes luminosidades e profundidades de semeadura. O trabalho foi desenvolvido em delineamento inteiramente casualizado, em esquema fatorial 3 × 5, sendo três períodos de luminosidade (ausência de luz, presença de luz por 12 h e por 24 h) e cinco profundidades de semeadura (1, 2, 3, 4 e 5 cm); com seis repetições de 25 sementes por parcela. As características avaliadas foram porcentagem, índice de velocidade de emergência, o comprimento total, da parte aérea, do sistema radicular e a massa seca individual. A ausência de luminosidade acelera a emergência de plântulas de maracujazeiro azedo, porém produz plântulas de baixa qualidade. Entretanto, a alternância de luminosidade associada a menor profundidade de semeadura favorece tanto a emergência como a qualidade das plântulas produzidas de maracujazeiro azedo 14 dias após a semeadura.

Abstract: The propagation of passion fruit in commercial orchards is carried out by seeds. However, passion fruit seed germination occurs irregularly. The goal of this study was to evaluate the emergence and development of passion fruit seedlings under different luminosities and sowing depths. The experimental design was completely randomized with six replications of 25 seeds, with a 3 x 5 factor scheme, in which three light conditions (absence of light, presence of 12 h light and 12 h dark and the presence of light for 24 h) were combined with five sowing depths (1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 cm). The emergence test was conducted in a BOD-type germination chamber, with alternating temperatures of 20-30 °C, at intervals of 12 h and the established luminosities. The evaluated characteristics were the emergence percentage for weekly counts, the emergence speed index for 28 days; the total shoot and root length on evaluation day 28 and the individual dry weight. The lack of luminosity accelerates the emergence of passion fruit seedlings, but it produces low quality seedlings. However, the alternation of luminosity associated to a lower sowing depth helps both the emergence and the quality of seedlings produced from passion fruit 14 days after sowing.