Resumo O objetivo deste artigo é avaliar a completitude de preenchimento do cartão da gestante segundo modelo padronizado pelo Ministério da Saúde. Estudo seccional de âmbito nacional, base hospitalar, realizado entre 2011 e 2012, que avaliou dados de cartões da gestante. Para avaliação da completitude sob aspecto qualitativo foram utilizadas variáveis relativas a antecedentes pessoais, obstétricos e dados da gestação atual. Para avaliação sob aspecto quantitativo foi utilizado o índice de Kotelchuck. Analisados 6.577 cartões, correspondendo a 39% dos cartões apresentados no momento do parto. A média de completitude foi “ruim” no Brasil e macrorregiões, exceto na região Sul. No Brasil, a média de preenchimento foi “regular” para os antecedentes pessoais, “bom” nos antecedentes obstétricos, e “ruim” nos campos referentes à gestação atual. A assistência pré-natal foi adequada à 58% das gestantes. Foi observada reduzida utilização do modelo de cartão preconizado pelo Ministério da Saúde e falhas no preenchimento do cartão da gestante de informações importantes, relacionadas principalmente à gestação atual.

Abstract This article aims to evaluate the completeness of the pregnant woman’s card filling according to a model standardized by the Ministry of Health. Hospital based, nationwide, cross-sectional study conducted between 2011 and 2012, evaluated data from pregnant women’s cards. Variables related to personal, obstetric history and current pregnancy data were used to assess completeness. We used the Kotelchuck index for quantitative evaluation. We analysed 6,577 cards, equivalent to 39% of the cards presented at the time of delivery. The mean completeness was overall “bad” in Brazil and macro-regions, except in the Southern region. Nationwide, the mean completion was “regular” for personal antecedents, “good” for obstetric history, and “bad” for fields related to the current pregnancy. Prenatal care was adequate for 58% of pregnant women. We observed a reduced use of the card recommended by the Ministry of Health and failures in the completeness of filling valuable information of the pregnant woman’s card, related to the current pregnancy.

Resumo O objetivo deste artigo é avaliar a completitude de preenchimento do cartão da gestante segundo modelo padronizado pelo Ministério da Saúde. Estudo seccional de âmbito nacional, base hospitalar, realizado entre 2011 e 2012, que avaliou dados de cartões da gestante. Para avaliação da completitude sob aspecto qualitativo foram utilizadas variáveis relativas a antecedentes pessoais, obstétricos e dados da gestação atual. Para avaliação sob aspecto quantitativo foi utilizado o índice de Kotelchuck. Analisados 6.577 cartões, correspondendo a 39% dos cartões apresentados no momento do parto. A média de completitude foi “ruim” no Brasil e macrorregiões, exceto na região Sul. No Brasil, a média de preenchimento foi “regular” para os antecedentes pessoais, “bom” nos antecedentes obstétricos, e “ruim” nos campos referentes à gestação atual. A assistência pré-natal foi adequada à 58% das gestantes. Foi observada reduzida utilização do modelo de cartão preconizado pelo Ministério da Saúde e falhas no preenchimento do cartão da gestante de informações importantes, relacionadas principalmente à gestação atual.

Abstract This article aims to evaluate the completeness of the pregnant woman’s card filling according to a model standardized by the Ministry of Health. Hospital based, nationwide, cross-sectional study conducted between 2011 and 2012, evaluated data from pregnant women’s cards. Variables related to personal, obstetric history and current pregnancy data were used to assess completeness. We used the Kotelchuck index for quantitative evaluation. We analysed 6,577 cards, equivalent to 39% of the cards presented at the time of delivery. The mean completeness was overall “bad” in Brazil and macro-regions, except in the Southern region. Nationwide, the mean completion was “regular” for personal antecedents, “good” for obstetric history, and “bad” for fields related to the current pregnancy. Prenatal care was adequate for 58% of pregnant women. We observed a reduced use of the card recommended by the Ministry of Health and failures in the completeness of filling valuable information of the pregnant woman’s card, related to the current pregnancy.

Huanglongbing (HLB), a devastating citrus disease caused by the bacterium “Candidatus Liberibacter spp.”, is now responsible for significant economic losses worldwide. Yet, no effective disease control has been found, and the non-cultivability of the bacterium has severely hampered studies on the pathogen. The 16S rDNA gene is a well-characterized sequence, essential for cell survival, and is used for bacterial identification or assignment of close relationships at the genus and species levels. Quantitative Real-Time PCR (qPCR) assays based on 16S rDNA genes are widely used in the detection of “Ca. Liberibacter spp.” in multiplex reactions. We have developed for the first time a set of qPCR primers based on the conserved 16S rDNA gene, which specifically and simultaneously detects in a singleplex reaction, all three bacterial species associated with HLB, and can differentiateCa.Liberibacter asiaticus or africanus from americanus by their characteristic melting curves. The assay is very sensitive, and it was possible to amplify expected DNA fragments with an efficiency of 98 % using the Syber Green system and a Ct value lower than tested methods for HLB diagnosis. The application of this fast, simple and efficient detection methodology could also be important in the detection of all species of HLB-associated Liberibacters and could contribute to early pathogen detection, a crucial step in the development of preventive strategies aimed at avoiding the dissemination of this devastating disease in HLB-free areas.

OBJETIVO: Verificar a prevalência e os potenciais fatores associados ao estado nutricional pré-gestacional de mulheres. MÉTODOS: Estudo transversal, realizado entre dezembro de 2007 e novembro de 2008, com 1535 mulheres no primeiro trimestre de gestação, selecionadas aleatoriamente em unidades de saúde do Sistema Único de Saúde nos municípios de Queimados e Petrópolis, Estado do Rio de Janeiro. O diagnóstico dos desvios nutricionais foi procedido com base no Índice de Massa Corporal, segundo a classificação do Institute of Medicine, e as seguintes categorias foram obtidas: baixo peso, eutrofia, sobrepeso e obesidade. Na análise estatística, foi utilizado o modelo de regressão logística multinomial, sendo estimados a odds ratio e o intervalo de confiança de 95%. RESULTADOS: Foram incluídas mulheres entre 13 e 45 anos. As prevalências de baixo peso, sobrepeso e obesidade foram, respectivamente, 10, 18 e 11%. Mulheres residentes em Queimados, adolescentes, aquelas que não viviam com companheiro e fumantes apresentaram maior proporção de baixo peso pré-gestacional. Foi observada associação entre hipertensão com o sobrepeso e obesidade. As adolescentes apresentaram menor chance para o sobrepeso e obesidade. Residir em Queimados reduziu a chance de sobrepeso. CONCLUSÃO: A proporção de desvio nutricional pré-gestacional foi elevada, sendo o reconhecimento de seus fatores fundamental para identificação precoce de mulheres sob risco nutricional, visando intervenções que minimizem os efeitos adversos da má-nutrição sobre a saúde maternoinfantil.

OBJECTIVE: To assess the prevalence and potential factors associated with pre-pregnancy nutritional status of women. METHODS: This is a cross-sectional study carried out between December 2007 and November 2008 with 1,535 women in the first trimester of pregnancy and randomly selected in health units of the Brazilian public health system (SUS) in the municipalities of Queimados and Petrópolis in the State of Rio de Janeiro. The diagnosis of nutritional deviations was based on the Body Mass Index, according to the classification of the Institute of Medicine, and the following categories were obtained: underweight, normal weight, overweight and obesity. In the statistical analysis, the multinomial logistic regression model was used and an odds ratio and confidence interval of 95% were estimated. RESULTS: The sample included women between 13 and 45 years. The prevalence of underweight, overweight and obesity were 10, 18 and 11%, respectively. Women living in Queimados, adolescents, women who did not live with a partner and smokers had a higher proportion of low pre-pregnancy weight. There was an association between hypertension, overweight and obesity. Adolescents presented lower chance to overweight and obesity. Living in Queimados reduced the odds of overweight. CONCLUSION: The proportion of pre-pregnancy nutritional deviations was high, and recognizing factors that lead to them is very important for an early identification of women at nutritional risk, with view to interventions to reduce the adverse effects of malnutrition on maternal and child health.

OBJETIVO: Verificar a prevalência e os potenciais fatores associados ao estado nutricional pré-gestacional de mulheres. MÉTODOS: Estudo transversal, realizado entre dezembro de 2007 e novembro de 2008, com 1535 mulheres no primeiro trimestre de gestação, selecionadas aleatoriamente em unidades de saúde do Sistema Único de Saúde nos municípios de Queimados e Petrópolis, Estado do Rio de Janeiro. O diagnóstico dos desvios nutricionais foi procedido com base no Índice de Massa Corporal, segundo a classificação do Institute of Medicine, e as seguintes categorias foram obtidas: baixo peso, eutrofia, sobrepeso e obesidade. Na análise estatística, foi utilizado o modelo de regressão logística multinomial, sendo estimados a odds ratio e o intervalo de confiança de 95%. RESULTADOS: Foram incluídas mulheres entre 13 e 45 anos. As prevalências de baixo peso, sobrepeso e obesidade foram, respectivamente, 10, 18 e 11%. Mulheres residentes em Queimados, adolescentes, aquelas que não viviam com companheiro e fumantes apresentaram maior proporção de baixo peso pré-gestacional. Foi observada associação entre hipertensão com o sobrepeso e obesidade. As adolescentes apresentaram menor chance para o sobrepeso e obesidade. Residir em Queimados reduziu a chance de sobrepeso. CONCLUSÃO: A proporção de desvio nutricional pré-gestacional foi elevada, sendo o reconhecimento de seus fatores fundamental para identificação precoce de mulheres sob risco nutricional, visando intervenções que minimizem os efeitos adversos da má-nutrição sobre a saúde maternoinfantil.

OBJECTIVE: To assess the prevalence and potential factors associated with pre-pregnancy nutritional status of women. METHODS: This is a cross-sectional study carried out between December 2007 and November 2008 with 1,535 women in the first trimester of pregnancy and randomly selected in health units of the Brazilian public health system (SUS) in the municipalities of Queimados and Petrópolis in the State of Rio de Janeiro. The diagnosis of nutritional deviations was based on the Body Mass Index, according to the classification of the Institute of Medicine, and the following categories were obtained: underweight, normal weight, overweight and obesity. In the statistical analysis, the multinomial logistic regression model was used and an odds ratio and confidence interval of 95% were estimated. RESULTS: The sample included women between 13 and 45 years. The prevalence of underweight, overweight and obesity were 10, 18 and 11%, respectively. Women living in Queimados, adolescents, women who did not live with a partner and smokers had a higher proportion of low pre-pregnancy weight. There was an association between hypertension, overweight and obesity. Adolescents presented lower chance to overweight and obesity. Living in Queimados reduced the odds of overweight. CONCLUSION: The proportion of pre-pregnancy nutritional deviations was high, and recognizing factors that lead to them is very important for an early identification of women at nutritional risk, with view to interventions to reduce the adverse effects of malnutrition on maternal and child health.

Xanthomonas axonopodis pathovar citri (Xac) causes bacterial citrus canker, a serious disease of most citrus species. Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris (Xcc) is the causal agent of black rot disease in cruciferous plants. In Xcc, cell-cell signaling is mediated by diffusible signal factor (DSF). Synthesis of DSF depends on RpfB and RpfF. DSF perception and signal transduction have been suggested to involve a two-component system comprising RpfC and RpfG. It has been proposed that these proteins participate in a signal transduction system linking changes in the environment to the synthesis of DSF and the expression of virulence genes. Although the cluster of the rpf genes in Xac has synteny with the corresponding cluster in Xcc, two genes (rpfH and rpfI) are absent in Xac. To investigate DSF-mediated regulation during Xac-Citrus limon interaction, we constructed two strains of Xac, one with a mutation in the rpfF gene, leading to an inability to produce DSF, and one with a mutation in the rpfC gene leading to an overproduction of DSF. These mutants also show decreased levels of extracellular cyclic β-(1,2)-glucans and decreased production of endoglucanase and protease extracellular enzymes. The Xac DSF-deficient rpfF and the DSF-hyper producing rpfC mutants are both severely compromised in their ability to cause canker symptoms in lemon leaves compared to the wild-type. Here we provide evidence that rpf genes in Xac are involved in controlling virulence factors mediated by DSF.