Abstract Objective: To evaluate the conservative management of newborns born at ≥35 weeks of gestational age, at risk for early-onset neonatal sepsis (EOS). Methods: Retrospective, analytic cohort study (2016 to 2019), including newborns ≥35 weeks of gestational at risk of EOS, asymptomatic at birth, managed conservatively in full rooming-in: serial physical examination and clinical observation for at least 48 h. They were classified into three groups, according to the clinical course: asymptomatic (group A), symptomatic for other reasons (group B), and with sepsis (group C). Risk factors, clinical signs and differential diagnoses of sepsis, length of stay, and discharge conditions were evaluated. Results: The authors evaluated 769 asymptomatic newborns at risk of EOS. (mean birth weight 2999 ± 485 g and gestational age 37.6 ± 1.7 weeks, respectively) corresponding to 12.2% of rooming-in admissions. The most prevalent risk factors were colonization by Group B Streptococcus (29%), prolonged rupture membrane duration (21.9%) and preterm labor (21.4%). Most of all of them (53.9%) remained asymptomatic (group A). Group B corresponded for 45.3%, and the most common clinical signs were hypothermia (24.5%), tremors (8.7%) and vomiting (8%). Environmental dysthermia (50.7%), prematurity (20.0%), and feeding intolerance (15.7%) were common in Group B. Laboratory tests were performed in 3.5%. Five patients (one confirmed) comprised group C (0.8/1,000 live births). There were no deaths. The median length of stay was 64 h (IQR 50-93). Conclusion: The rate of clinical/confirmed EOS was low. Most of the symptomatic patients only needed clinical evaluation to rule out sepsis. Management was shown to be safe.

OBJETIVO: Realizar uma revisão bibliográfica sobre o uso antenatal do corticosteroide na prevenção da hemorragia peri-intraventricular. FONTES DE DADOS: Levantamento bibliográfico por meio do Pubmed e SciELO abrangendo os últimos 20 anos. Foram utilizadas as palavras chaves no idioma inglês: "cerebral hemorrhage", "steroids" e "newborn, infant". SÍNTESES DE DADOS: A hemorragia peri-intraventricular é uma importante patologia nos prematuros, sobretudo nos menores de 34 semanas, devido a suas graves sequelas neurológicas. Uma vez ocorrido o sangramento, não há tratamento específico. Desta forma, a prevenção torna-se o maior objetivo das pesquisas. O resultado da meta-análise de estudos randomizados demonstrou que o corticosteroide antenatal reduz a mortalidade e a incidência da doença de membrana hialina e da hemorragia peri-intraventricular. O efeito protetor na redução do risco da hemorragia peri-intraventricular não está completamente esclarecido. Além de acelerar a maturidade pulmonar, o corticosteroide antenatal estimula a maturação da microvasculatura da matriz germinativa, promove o espessamento da membrana basal, acelera a formação proteica nas junções firmes e estabiliza o fluxo sanguíneo cerebral. Também melhora as condições de nascimento dos fetos pré-termo. CONCLUSÕES: O uso antenatal do corticosteroide associado à implementação de melhores práticas de atendimento ao prematuro tem sido responsável pela evidente redução dos índices dessa doença. Apesar de comprovada eficácia e segurança, não é amplamente utilizado. Medidas devem ser tomadas para estimular seu uso como prática rotineira no atendimento de gestantes com risco de parto prematuro.

OBJECTIVE: To conduct a literature review on the use of antenatal corticosteroids for the prevention of peri-intraventricular hemorrhage. DATA SOURCE: Bibliography search in Pubmed and SciELO databases covering the past 20 years using the following key-words: "cerebral hemorrhage", "steroids" and "newborn infant". DATA SYNTHESIS: The peri-intraventricular hemorrhage is an important disease of preterm infants, especially those with less than 34 weeks, due to its serious neurological sequelae. Once the bleeding occurs, there is no specific treatment. Thus, prevention becomes the main goal of the research. Meta-analysis of randomized studies showed that antenatal corticosteroids reduce mortality and the incidence of hyaline membrane disease and peri-intraventricular hemorrhage. The physiologic basis for this protective effect in reducing the risk of peri-intraventricular hemorrhage is not completely clear. Besides accelerating lung maturity, antenatal steroids stimulate the maturation of the microvasculature of the germinal matrix, promote the thickening of the basement membrane, accelerate the formation of protein in tight functions and stabilize the cerebral blood flow. They also improve the birth conditions of preterm babies. CONCLUSIONS: The use of antenatal corticosteroids associated with implementing best practices to assist preterm infants reduces the frequency of peri-intraventricular hemorrhage. Despite its proven efficacy and safety, it is not widely used. Measures should be taken to encourage its use as a routine practice in the care of pregnant women at risk of premature birth.

OBJETIVO: Avaliar a evolução clínica e comparar a eficácia do tratamento fisioterapêutico intensivo ou mínimo, em neonatos e lactentes com torcicolo congênito. MÉTODOS: Foram atendidas no Ambulatório de Fisioterapia e Cirurgia Pediátrica do Hospital de Clínicas da Universidade Estadual de Campinas 47 crianças com torcicolo congênito. Analisaram-se, retrospectivamente, antecedentes maternos, neonatais, apresentação clínica e tratamento fisioterapêutico, classificado de acordo com a freqüência das sessões. O tratamento intensivo foi definido como sessões de fisioterapia realizadas pelo fisioterapeuta no ambulatório, acrescidas de exercícios diários realizados pelos pais em domicílio. O tratamento mínimo foi considerado quando apenas o fisioterapeuta realizava as sessões semanalmente no ambulatório, sem a participação dos pais. RESULTADOS: Quanto às características demográficas da população, observou-se: idade média materna=26 anos; parto normal=40 (85%); mães primigestas=35 (75%); idade média ao diagnóstico=50 dias. A presença de nódulo intramuscular foi notada em 46 (98%) pacientes. As seguintes doenças estiveram associadas: luxação congênita de quadril igual=4 (8%); fratura de clavícula=2 (4%); pé torto congênito=1 (2%). O tratamento intensivo foi realizado em 34 (72%) pacientes e a cura observada em 100%, após 74 dias, em média. O tratamento mínimo foi aplicado em 13 (28%) pacientes e a cura observada em dez (77%), tratados em média por 130 dias. CONCLUSÕES: O torcicolo congênito apresentou evolução clínica favorável em ambos os grupos. O tratamento intensivo propiciou maior índice de cura em menor tempo de tratamento.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the clinical course and to compare the effectiveness of physiotherapeutic treatment performed daily or once a week in newborns and infants with congenital torticollis. METHODS: 47 patients with congenital torticollis were assisted at the Physiotherapy and Pediatric Surgery Services of the Clinical Hospital of Campinas University. The following data were retrospectively collected: maternal and neonatal history, clinical presentation and physiotherapeutic treatment classified according to the frequency of the exercises. Intensive treatment was defined as sessions performed at the daycare clinic by the physiotherapist plus daily sessions performed by parents at home. Minimal treatment was defined as weekly sessions performed only by the physiotherapist at the daycare clinic, without participation of the parents. RESULTS: The demographic characteristics of the studied patients were: mean maternal age=26 years; first gestation=35 (75%); vaginal delivery=40 (85%); mean age at diagnosis =50 days. A sternomastoid nodule was felt seen in 46 (98%) patients. Diseases associated with congenital torticollis were: congenital hip dislocation=4 (8%); fracture of clavicles=2 (4%); and club feet=1 (2%). Intensive treatment was performed in 34 (72%) patients for an average of 74 days and the cure was achieved in 100%. Minimal treatment was performed in 13 (28%) for an average of 130 days and ten (77%) patients achieved cure. CONCLUSIONS: Congenital torticollis had favorable outcome in both groups. The intensive treatment was followed by higher rates of cure in smaller period of time.