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ABSTRACT The SISBIOTA-BRASIL was a three-year multimillion-dollar research program of the Brazilian government to document plants and animals in endangered/understudied areas and biomes in Brazil. Distributional patterns and the historical events that generated them are extensively unknown regarding Brazilian fauna and flora. This deficiency hinders the development of conservation policies and the understanding of evolutionary processes. Conservation decisions depend on precise knowledge of the taxonomy and geographic distribution of species. Given such a premise, we proposed to research the diversity of Diptera of the Brazilian western arc of Amazon, Cerrado, and Pantanal in the states of Mato Grosso, Mato Grosso do Sul, and Rondônia. Three important biomes of the South American continent characterize these Brazilian states: Amazon forest, Cerrado (Brazilian Savannah), and Pantanal. Besides their ecological relevance, these biomes historically lack intensive entomological surveys. Therefore, they are much underrepresented in the Brazilian natural history collections and in the scientific literature, which is further aggravated by the fact that these areas are being exponentially and rapidly converted to commercial lands. Our project involved over 90 collaborators from 24 different Brazilian institutions and one from Colombia among researchers, postdocs, graduate and undergraduate students, and technicians. We processed and analyzed nearly 300,000 specimens from ~60 families of Diptera collected with a large variety of methods in the sampled areas. Here, we provide a detailed overview of the genera and species diversity of 41 families treated. Our results point to a total of 2,130 species and 514 genera compiled and identified for the three states altogether, with an increase of 41% and 29% in the numbers of species and genera known for the three states combined, respectively. Overall, the 10 most species-rich families were Tachinidae, Cecidomyiidae, Tabanidae, Psychodidae, Sarcophagidae, Stratiomyidae, Bombyliidae, Syrphidae, Tephritidae, and Asilidae. The 10 most diverse in the number of genera were Tachinidae, Stratiomyidae, Asilidae, Mycetophilidae, Syrphidae, Tabanidae, Muscidae, Dolichopodidae, Sarcophagidae, and Chloropidae. So far, 111 scientific papers were published regarding taxonomic, phylogenetic, and biogeographical aspects of the studied families, with the description of 101 new species and three new genera. We expect that additional publications will result from this investigation because several specimens are now curated and being researched by specialists.

https://doi.org/10.1590/1806-9665-rbent-2023-0051

Description of the immature stages, biology and DNA-barcoding of Quichuana pogonosa (Diptera: Syrphidae) collected in Bromeliaceae in Paraná, Brazil
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Echeverry, Angela

; Souza, Diego de S.

; Marinoni, Luciane

Zoologia (Curitiba)

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2021, Volume 38 elocation e21004

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

ABSTRACT Quichuana Knab, 1913 is a Neotropical genus of flower flies (Diptera: Syrphidae) with 50 valid species. Adults of this genus are flower visitors and their larvae are usually associated with the phytotelmata of bromeliads and heliconias, actively participating in the recycling of nutrients in forest environments. Despite their importance in ecosystem dynamics, Quichuana larvae are poorly known. Herein we describe the immature stages of Quichuana pogonosa Fluke, 1937 from samples collected from the phytotelmata of two terrestrial bromeliad species in the state of Paraná, Brazil. We provide illustrations of the egg, third instar larva and puparium, as well as information on the life cycle of the species. Additionally, we describe and illustrate the male genitalia and present the DNA-barcoding based on larva and adult specimens.

https://doi.org/10.1590/s1984-4689.v38.e21004 58 downloads

New species of Neriidae (Diptera: Schizophora): an addition to the previously monotypic genus Protonerius
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Sepúlveda, Tatiana A.

; Marinoni, Luciane

Zoologia (Curitiba)

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2021, Volume 38 elocation e21013

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

ABSTRACT In recent years, our knowledge of the Oriental fauna of Neriidae has improved with the studies of Telostylus Bigot, 1859 and Teloneria Aczél, 1954. However, the small genera (less than three species) have never been revised and their taxonomy remains obscure. Neriidae has 18 genera of which 10 occur exclusively in the Oriental and Australasian Regions, including four monotypic genera, of which one, Protonerius de Meijere, 1924, is only known from the female holotype of Protonerius guttipennis de Meijere, 1921 from Indonesia. We here describe a second species of the genus, Protonerius opacus sp. nov., based on a female specimen from Selangor, Malaysia, which differs from the type species of the genus by the patterns of infuscate spots on the wing and the coloring of pleuron and femora. Additionally, an identification key for the two species and an updated diagnosis of the genus are provided.

https://doi.org/10.1590/s1984-4689.v38.e21013 55 downloads

[SciELO Preprints] - Are publications on zoological taxonomy under attack?
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Pinto, Ângelo Parise Mejdalani, Gabriel Mounce, Ross Silveira, Luís Fábio Marinoni, Luciane Rafael, José Albertino

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Publication date: 2020-08-31

Abstract: En

Taxonomy is essential to biological sciences and the priority field to be supported in face of the biodiversity crisis. The industry of scientific publications has made extensive use of bibliometric indexes, resulting in distortions to institutions, organizations, and researchers, such as the side effect known as Journal Impact Factor (JIF) mania. Inadequacies of the most widely used bibliometric indexes from giant companies Clarivate™ (InCites™) and RELX™ Elsevier B.V. (Scopus®) to assessment of the relevance of taxonomic publications were considered as one of the impediments for the progress of this field. Recently, Clarivate suppressed the mega-journal Zootaxa, focused on taxonomy, from Journal Citation Reports (JCR), a database with 12,000 periodicals. Zootaxa suppression, together with other 32 journals, was based on an unusual high proportion of self-citations. Suppressed journals would thus not receive a value of JIF for 2020. A prompt reaction from the scientific community against the suppression of Zootaxa took place and, accordingly, Clarivate announced its reinstatement. This situation exposed many persistent myths and misuses of bibliometric indexes. The goal of this study is to shed light on the impacts of bibliometric indexes to the taxonomic field and on underlying aspects of the suppression of Zootaxa. Our major question is whether the suppression of any journal from JIF can really affect the production in the taxonomic field. We explored data metrics from the JCR (Web of Science Core Collection™) for 2010–2018 of the top ten zoological journals (eight are included in JCR) in the number of new taxa and journals focused on or regularly publishing taxonomic studies, totaling 123 journals. Zootaxa shows higher levels of self-citations than similar journals. We consider that two possible explanations provided for the high number of self-citations, i.e., Zootaxa’s scope on taxonomy and the fact that it is a mega-journal, are inadequate. Instead, putative explanations are related to the “Zootaxa phenomenon,” a sociological bias that includes visibility, and potential harmful myths that portray Zootaxa as the unique journal that publishes taxonomic studies with an inviting JIF value. Menaces to taxonomy as a science come from many sources and the low bibliometric values of its journals are only one of the factors that contribute for establishing the so-called taxonomic impediment. We suggest rejection of bibliometric indexes, including JIF, instead of considering them when convenient. Taxonomists as a community, instead of being deeply focused on journal metrics endorsing the villainy of bibliometric policies imposed by dominant companies, should be engaged with renewed strength in actions directly connected to the development and promotion of this science.

https://doi.org/10.1590/SciELOPreprints.1164

Taxonomic revision of Megalothoraca (Diptera: Richardiidae) with description of a new species, synonyms and new combination
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Wendt, Lisiane Dilli

; Marinoni, Luciane

Zoologia (Curitiba)

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2019, Volume 36 elocation e31456

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

ABSTRACT A taxonomic revision of Megalothoracha Hendel, 1911 is provided, including a description of Megalothoraca rosalyae Wendt, sp. nov. from Colombia. The genus encompasses large species from Colombia, Ecuador, Peru and Bolivia (new record), and each species was described based either on males or females. These species can be diagnosed by long and slender mid and hind legs and wing longer than body, vein R2+3 with two strong curves on apical third, and short spurious vein medially. And males have costal vein conspicuously bowed anteriorly and thickened on medial portion. The following nomenclatural changes are made: Megalothoraca hendeli Enderlein, 1912, syn. nov. is a junior synonym of M. pterodontida Hendel, 1911; Batrachophthalmum teleopsis (Hennig, 1938) comb. nov. is transferred from Megalothoraca, and Batrachophthalmum quimbaya Carvalho, Wolff & Wendt, 2011, syn. nov. is a junior synonym of B. teleopsis. A key to species and illustrations of the female and male terminalia are provided.

https://doi.org/10.3897/zoologia.36.e31456 376 downloads

Phylogeny of the Neotropical longhorn beetle genus Ateralphus (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae: Lamiinae)
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Souza, Diego de S.

; Monné, Marcela L.

; Marinoni, Luciane

Zoologia (Curitiba)

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2017, Volume 34 elocation e11996

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

ABSTRACT Ateralphus Restello, Iannuzzi & Marinoni, 2001 is a Neotropical genus of longhorn beetles composed of nine species. This genus was proposed from splitting Alphus White, 1855 into other two genera: Ateralphus and Exalphus Restello, Iannuzzi & Marinoni, 2001. Even though Ateralphus (nine species), Alphus (four) and Exalphus (18) were recently revised, their validity has not been tested using phylogenetic methods. In this study, we carried out a cladistic analysis of Ateralphus and its related genera, Alphus and Exalphus, based on 44 morphological characters of the adults, to test their monophyly and infer the relationships between their species. Our results support the monophyly of the three genera and recovered two clades that corroborate the species-groups previously recognized in Ateralphus. A new genus, Grandateralphus gen. n., is proposed for one of these clades, which is supported by three synapomorphies: width of upper ocular lobes less than width between the lobe and the coronal suture (character state 6: 0), genae parallel in frontal view (8: 1) and scape gradually expanded toward apex, reaching widest diameter just near apex (9: 2). Grandateralphus gen. n. includes three new combinations: G. lacteus (Galileo & Martins, 2006), comb. n.; G. tumidus (Souza & Monné, 2013), comb. n.; and G. variegatus (Mendes, 1938), comb. n. Notes on the distribution of G. variegatus comb. n. and a new record of E. cicatricornis Schmid, 2014 for Bolivia (Santa Cruz) are provided.

https://doi.org/10.3897/zoologia.34.e11996 1350 downloads

A review of the Neotropical species of the shore-fly genera Orasiopa and Pectinifer (Diptera: Ephydridae)
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Mathis, Wayne N.

; Costa, Daniel N.R.

; Marinoni, Luciane

Zoologia (Curitiba)

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2016, Volume 33 N. 3 elocation e20150169

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

ABSTRACT Species of two genera of the tribe Discocerinini from the Neotropics are reviewed with an emphasis on the fauna from Brazil. The two species, Orasiopa (Reymontopa ) mera (Cresson, 1939) and Pectinifer aeneus (Cresson, 1918), are described, illustrated and new occurrence data are provided. Phylogenetic relationships of these two genera into the tribe are discussed. To facilitate identification of these species, we have included diagnoses of the Discocerinini and both genera and have also provided an annotated key to the New World genera in this tribe. We have also provided illustrations, photographs, and scanning electron micrographs of external structures and of structures of the male terminalia for included species.

https://doi.org/10.1590/S1984-4689zool-20150169 1125 downloads

Taxonomic revision of two poorly known genera of Richardiidae (Diptera): Maerorichardia and Odontomerella
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Wendt, Lisiane Dilli

; Marinoni, Luciane

Zoologia (Curitiba)

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aug 2015, Volume 32 N. 4 Pages 306 - 316

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

ABSTRACT Richardiidae are a family of Tephritoidea in which most genera are poorly known taxonomically, including some which were poorly described with limited or no illustrations. With the aim to decrease this taxonomic gap, herein we review two scarcely known monotypic genera: Odontomerella Hendel, 1912 and Maerorichardia Hennig, 1937, both known only from the holotypes of their type species. Maerorichardia is the only genus of Richardiidae with mid and hind tibiae thicker than their respective femora, and the wing with the anal lobe distinctly developed. Odontomerella can be distinguished from the others richardiids by the postcranium reduced and little wider ventrally, the compound eye well developed, occupying most of the head, with the gena and postcranium very reduced, and the face short, with the oral margin distinctly concave. The limits of both genera are revised and better supported with the addition of new diagnostic characters. Odontomera flavipleura Hennig, 1938 is transferred to Odontomerella. The types of the species are revised and illustrated.

https://doi.org/10.1590/S1984-46702015000400006 1310 downloads

Interaction between Tephritidae (Insecta, Diptera) and plants of the family Asteraceae: new host and distribution records for the state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
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Savaris, Marcoandre

; Lampert, Silvana

; Lorini, Lisete M.

; Pereira, Paulo R.V.S.

; Marinoni, Luciane

Revista Brasileira de Entomologia

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mar 2015, Volume 59 N. 1 Pages 14 - 20

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

Twenty species of Tephritidae (Diptera) are recorded in association with capitula of plants in the family Asteraceae. The Tephritidae genus Tetreuarestais registered for Rio Grande do Sul for the first time. Five species of Tephritidae are newly recorded for Rio Grande do Sul, and new hosts are recorded for the following fly species: Dioxyna chilensis (Macquart), Plaumannimyia dolores (Hering), Plaumannimyia imitatrix (Hering), Plaumannimyia miseta(Hering), Plaumannimyia pallensHering, Tomoplagia incompleta (Williston), Tomoplagia matzenbacheriPrado, Norrbom & Lewinsohn, Tomoplagia reimoseriHendel, Xanthaciura biocellata(Thomson) and Xanthaciura chrysura(Thomson).

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rbe.2014.11.002 2088 downloads

10.

A review of Scatellini (Diptera: Ephydridae) from Brazil
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Mathis, Wayne N.

; Marinoni, Luciane

; Costa, Daniel N.R.

Zoologia (Curitiba)

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dec 2014, Volume 31 N. 6 Pages 561 - 576

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

Scatellini was proposed by Wirth & Stone, 1956 and currently includes 242 described species in nine genera. The tribe has representatives in all biogeographic regions and about 70 species occur in the Neotropical Region. Prior to this study, only two species were recorded from Brazil: Scatella obscura and Limnellia itatiaia. In this paper, species of Scatellini from Brazil are reviewed with an emphasis on the fauna from southern Brazil, where six new species have been discovered and are described herein: Scatella praia, S. plaumanni, S. rara, Scatophila darrowae, S. dianneae, and S. prainha. To facilitate identification of the tribe and included genera and species, we have included diagnoses of these taxa and have also provided an annotated key to the Neotropical genera in Scatellini. We have also provided illustrations of structures of the male terminalia of all included species of the genus Scatophila.

https://doi.org/10.1590/S1984-46702014000600005 2455 downloads

11.

A review of Parydra (Diptera: Ephydridae) from Brazil
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Mathis, Wayne N

; Marinoni, Luciane

Zoologia (Curitiba)

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aug 2011, Volume 28 N. 4 Pages 505 - 512

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

Species of the shore-fly Parydra Stenhammar, 1844 from Brazil are reviewed with an emphasis on the fauna from southern Brazil, where one new species, Parydra arcuata sp. nov. - state of Paraná, municipality of Castro (8 km N, 24º45.3'S, 49º58.9'W) -, has been discovered and is herein described. To facilitate identification of species, we have included a diagnosis of the genus. We have also provided illustrations of structures of the male terminalia for all included species.

1647 downloads

12.

Distributional patterns of the Neotropical genus Thecomyia Perty (Diptera, Sciomyzidae) and phylogenetic support
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Pires, Amanda Ciprandi

; Marinoni, Luciane

Revista Brasileira de Entomologia

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mar 2011, Volume 55 N. 1 Pages 06 - 14

Abstract: Pt En | Text: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

Padrões de distribuição do gênero Neotropical Thecomyia Perty (Diptera, Sciomyzidae) e suporte filogenético. O padrão distribucional do gênero Thecomyia Perty, 1833 foi definido usando ferramentas pan-biogeográficas, e analisado com base na filogenia do grupo. O presente estudo buscou o estabelecimento de homologias biogeográficas na região Neotropical entre as diferentes espécies do gênero, com base em seu padrão de distribuição e posterior corroboração por intermédio de sua filogenia. Foram obtidos oito traços individuais e 16 traços generalizados, estabelecidos ao longo de praticamente toda região Neotropical. Os traços individuais são a unidade básica de um estudo pan-biogeográfico, correspondendo à hipótese mínima de distribuição dos organismos em questão. Os traços generalizados, obtidos a partir da congruência espacial entre dois ou mais traços individuais, são importantes no reconhecimento de áreas de endemismo menores. Assim, houve suporte para classificação prévia na região Neotropical a partir dos traços generalizados obtidos. O domínio Amazônico foi indicado como área de importância destacada na diversificação do grupo pela confluência de traços generalizados e nós biogeográficos na região. Parte considerável dos traços generalizados e nós biogeográficos foram congruentes com a hipótese filogenética do gênero, indicando suporte das homologias biogeográficas primárias definidas inicialmente pela análise de traços.

Distributional patterns of the Neotropical genus Thecomyia Perty (Diptera, Sciomyzidae) and phylogenetic support. The distributional pattern of the genus Thecomyia Perty, 1833 was defined using panbiogeographic tools, and analyzed based on the phylogeny of the group. This study sought to establish biogeographical homologies in the Neotropical region between different species of the genus, based on their distribution pattern and later corroboration through its phylogeny. Eight individual tracks and 16 generalized tracks were identified, established along nearly the entire swath of the Neotropics. Individual tracks are the basic units of a panbiogeographic study, and correspond to the hypothesis of minimum distribution of the organisms involved. The generalized tracks, obtained from the spatial congruence between two or more individual tracks, are important in the identification of smaller areas of endemism. Thus, we found evidence from the generalized tracks in support of previous classification for the Neotropical region. The Amazon domain is indicated as an area of outstanding importance in the diversification of the group, by the confluence of generalized tracks and biogeographic nodes in the region. Most of the generalized tracks and biogeographical nodes were congruent with the phylogenetic hypothesis of the genus, indicating support of the primary biogeographical homologies originally defined by the track analysis.

2789 downloads

13.

A review of Diphuia (Diptera: Ephydridae) with description of two new species from southern Brazil
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Mathis, Wayne N.

; Marinoni, Luciane

Zoologia (Curitiba)

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oct 2010, Volume 27 N. 5 Pages 803 - 812

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

The species of Diphuia Cresson, 1944 are reviewed with an emphasis on the fauna from southern Brazil, where two new species have been discovered and herein are described: Diphuia antonina sp. nov. and Diphuia grandis sp. nov. All known species are placed into two species groups (the anomala and nitida groups), which are characterized, and a key to these species is included. To facilitate identification of species of this uncommon genus, we have included diagnoses of the genus and tribe Hecamedini and have also provided an annotated key to New World genera in the tribe and to the known species of Diphuia. We have also provided illustrations of structures of the male terminalia of all included species.The species from southern Brazil, including the new ones, are illustrated.

5357 downloads

14.

Historical relationships among Neotropical endemic areas based on Sepedonea (Diptera: Sciomyzidae) phylogenetic and distribution data
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Pires, Amanda Ciprandi

; Marinoni, Luciane

Zoologia (Curitiba)

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oct 2010, Volume 27 N. 5 Pages 681 - 690

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

The present study used the previously defined relationships among the snail-killing species of Sepedonea as the starting point for a cladistic biogeography analysis of endemic areas in the Neotropical region. The goal of the study was to use two different data sets to test the possible monophyly of two important biomes in the region: the Amazon and the Atlantic Forest. The possible historical significance of the arid biomes was also investigated. The study used Brooks Parsimony Analysis (Primary BPA). The area groups were based on previous biogeographical classifications of the Neotropial region. The analyses showed Amazonia to be non-monophyletic whereas the Atlantic forest was found to be a natural unit. The importance of including dry areas in the analyses, was highlighted by Sepedonea individuals that probably inhabit enclaves of humid forest present in the area. In general, the results indicate incongruence with the prior pattern of area relationships. In fact, one single history of the current distribution of organisms in the region is unlikely. This situation has been supported by several studies proposing incongruent hypotheses of historical relationships between endemic areas of the region.

2424 downloads Cited 1 time in SciELO

15.

DNA barcoding and traditional taxonomy unified through Integrative Taxonomy: a view that challenges the debate questioning both methodologies
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Pires, Amanda Ciprandi

; Marinoni, Luciane

Biota Neotropica

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jun 2010, Volume 10 N. 2 Pages 339 - 346

Abstract: Pt En | Text: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

A crise taxonômica, em destaque nos últimos anos, é marcada pela falta de popularidade (desinteresse pela formação taxonômica) e incentivos financeiros direcionados ao estudo da biodiversidade. Esta situação somada às questões envolvidas com a necessidade de se conhecer as inúmeras espécies ainda desconhecidas tem feito com que novas tecnologias, dentre elas o uso do DNA, tenham surgido como propostas para revitalização da taxonomia. Uma parte da comunidade científica, entretanto, tem rejeitado o uso dessas idéias inovadoras. O DNA barcoding, principalmente, tem sido alvo de inúmeras críticas quanto à sua aplicação em contraposição ao uso da morfologia. O presente artigo visa destacar a inconsistência do debate DNA versus morfologia, pela existência de uma proposta que corresponde à união entre a taxonomia tradicional e o DNA barcoding - a taxonomia integrativa. Os pontos favoráveis e desfavoráveis dessa proposta serão discutidos assim como a sua validade e aplicação. Com ela, a importância da morfologia é reconhecida e ao mesmo tempo tem-se a revitalização da taxonomia tradicional pela aderência das tecnologias incitadas para transposição do impedimento taxonômico.

The taxonomic crisis, emphasized in recent years, is marked by the lack of popularity (lack of interest in taxonomy) and financial incentives to study biodiversity. This situation, coupled with the issues involved with the necessity of knowing many yet undiscovered species, has meant that new technologies, including the use of DNA, have emerged to revitalize taxonomy. Part of the scientific community, however, has rejected the use of these innovative ideas. DNA barcoding has especially been the target of numerous criticisms regarding its application, as opposed to the use of morphology. This paper aims to highlight the inconsistency of the debate involving DNA versus morphology, since there is a proposal for the integration of traditional taxonomy and DNA barcoding - the integrative taxonomy. The positive and negative points of this proposal will be discussed, as well as its validity and application. From it, the importance of morphology is recognized and the revitalization of traditional taxonomy is achieved by the addition of technologies to overcome the taxonomic impediment.

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