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Evaluation of physicochemical properties of Nile tilapia skin collagen extracted in acid médium
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Costa, F. T.

; Oliveira, T. P.

; Droval, A. A.

; Marques, L. L. M.

; Fuchs, R. H. B.

; Cardoso, F. A. R.

Brazilian Journal of Biology

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2024, Volume 84 elocation e255440

Abstract: Pt En | Text: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

Resumo A tilápia tem tolerância a altas temperaturas, pode se reproduzir em cativeiro, crescer rápido e tem excelente custo-benefício. Por essas características, esta espécie é de grande interesse na aquicultura e, atualmente, o pescado mais produzido no Brasil. No entanto, com o aumento da produção de tilápias, houve também um aumento na quantidade de resíduos orgânicos, principalmente da filetagem, que descarta 70% dos resíduos. Existem muitos estudos sobre a extração de colágeno da pele de tilápia como alternativa para reduzir esses resíduos e agregar valor comercial. Neste trabalho, a extração do concentrado protéico foi testada utilizando um protocolo ácido, no qual as peles de tilápia foram submetidas a um pré-tratamento em meio ácido e precipitação salina, com variações de tempo e concentração. Após sua extração, a pele foi avaliada quanto a cinzas, umidade, proteína, solubilidade e pH. O concentrado protéico obtido apresentou baixos teores de cinzas, e a umidade está dentro dos apresentados pela literatura. O concentrado protéico apresentou teores de 68,73 a 80,58% de proteína e uma baixa solubilidade entre 4,03 a 6,93%. Em conclusão, a extração ácida é um possível meio de extração de colágeno, e a pele de tilápia é uma boa alternativa para reaproveitar os resíduos gerados na indústria de pescados.

Abstract Tilapia has high-temperature tolerance, can breed in captivity, grow fast, and have excellent cost-benefit. Because of these characteristics, this species is of great interest in aquaculture and, currently, the most produced fish in Brazil. However, by increasing tilapia production, there was also a rise in the amount of organic waste, mainly from filleting, which discards 70% of waste. There are many studies on collagen extraction from tilapia skin as an alternative to reduce these residues and add commercial value. In this work, the extraction of protein concentrate was tested using an acid protocol, in which the tilapia skins underwent a pre-treatment in an acid medium and saline precipitation, with variations in time and concentration. After its extraction, the skin was evaluated for ash, moisture, protein, solubility, and pH. The protein concentrate obtained showed low ash contents, and the humidity is within those presented by the literature. The protein concentrate showed levels from 68.73 to 80.58% of protein and a low solubility between 4.03 to 6.93%. In conclusion, acid extraction is a possible means of collagen extraction, and tilapia skin is a good alternative to reuse waste generated in the fish industry.

https://doi.org/10.1590/1519-6984.255440

Semi-hydroponic cultivation of fertigated curly lettuce with calcium nitrate-enriched saline solutions
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Pessoa, Victor G.

; Góis, Helena M. de M. N.

; Oliveira, Francisco de A. de

; Oliveira, Mychelle K. T. de

; Cordeiro, Carla J. X.

; Oliveira, Carlos E. A. de

; Costa, Mário J. V.

; Marques, Isabelly C. da S.

Revista Brasileira de Engenharia Agrícola e Ambiental

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sep 2023, Volume 27 N. 9 Pages 712 - 718

Abstract: En Pt | Text: En Pt | PDF: En | PDF: Pt

ABSTRACT Lettuce is a leafy vegetable sensitive to salinity, and under saline stress conditions it presents nutritional imbalance, mainly in calcium absorption. Thus, the objective was to evaluate the effect of enriching the nutrient solution with calcium nitrate in solutions prepared with saline water in the lettuce crop. A completely randomized design was used, with five treatments and four replicates. The treatments were represented by five nutrient solutions [S1 - standard nutrient solution (SNP); S2 - SNP + NaCl (3.5 dS m-1); S3 - S2 + Ca (NO3)2 (50% = 6.86 mmol L-1); S4 - S2 + Ca(NO3)2 (100% = 9.15 mmol L-1); S5 - S2 + Ca(NO3)2 (150% = 11.43 mmol L-1)] in lettuce from the curly group, cv. Elba. After preparing the nutrient solutions, the solutions had the following electrical conductivities: 1.8 (S1); 4.8 (S2); 5.4 (S3); 6.0 (S4); 6.6 (S5) dS m-1. Variables of growth, nutrition and postharvest quality of lettuce were evaluated. With the exception of stem diameter, number of total leaves, plant pH and vitamin C content, the other variables were affected by the extra addition of Ca(NO3)2 in the nutrient solutions. The lettuce cv Elba grown in coconut fiber is tolerant to the salinity of 4.8 dS m-1 (S2). In conditions where the use of saline water with 3.5 dS m-1 for the preparation of the nutrient solution is unavoidable, the use of extra doses of Ca(NO3)2 in the lettuce crop is not recommended.

RESUMO A alface é uma hortaliça folhosa sensível à salinidade, e em condições de estresse salino apresenta crescimento reduzido e desequilíbrio nutricional, principalmente na absorção de cálcio. Assim, objetivou-se avaliar o efeito do enriquecimento da solução nutritiva com nitrato de cálcio em soluções preparadas com água salina na cultura da alface. Utilizou-se o delineamento inteiramente casualizado, com cinco tratamentos e quatro repetições. Os tratamentos foram representados por cinco soluções nutritivas [S1 - solução nutritiva padrão (SNP); S2 - SNP + NaCl (3,5 dS m-1); S3 - S2 + Ca(NO3)2 (50% = 6,86 mmol L-1); S4 - S2 + Ca(NO3)2 (100% = 9,15 mmol L-1); S5 - S2 + Ca (NO3)2 (150% = 11,43 mmol L-1)] em alface do grupo crespa, cv. Elba. Após o preparo das soluções nutritivas, as soluções apresentaram as seguintes condutividades elétricas: 1,8 (S1); 4,8 (S2); 5,4 (S3); 6,0 (S4); 6,6 (S5) dS m-1. Foram avaliadas variáveis de crescimento, nutrição e qualidade pós-colheita da alface. Com exceção do diâmetro do caule, número de folhas totais, pH da planta e teor de vitamina C, as demais variáveis foram afetadas pela adição extra de Ca(NO3)2 nas soluções nutritivas. A alface cv. Elba cultivada em fibra de coco é tolerante à salinidade de 4,8 dS m-1 (S2). Em condições onde o uso de água salina com 3,5 dS m-1 para o preparo da solução nutritiva é inevitável, não é recomendado o uso de doses extras de Ca(NO3)2 na cultura da alface.

https://doi.org/10.1590/1807-1929/agriambi.v27n9p712-718

A suplementação com proteína de baixa degradabilidade ruminal na produção de leite de ovelha da raça Serra da Estrela no início da lactação
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Belo, Ana T.

; Marques, Maria R.

; Ribeiro, José M.B.F.

; Belo, Carlos C.

Revista de Ciências Agrárias

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mar 2023, Volume 46 N. 1 Pages 71 - 80

Abstract: En Pt | Text: En Pt | PDF: En | PDF: Pt

Abstract Protein from grass and legume pastures has high ruminal degradability. Supplementation with protein sources of lower rumen degradability increases the flow of amino acids to the small intestine, complementing those produced in the rumen. This study evaluated the effect of corn gluten meal (CGM) supplementation in milk production and composition of sheep in early lactation and on metabolic parameters used to characterize their metabolism. Ewes were individually housed, fed with grass cut daily and subjected to three isoenergetic treatments with three crude protein (CP) levels (17, 21 and 25%), supplied by cassava and CGM. Milking was started after 21 days of lactation. Intake was measured and the weight and body condition of the ewes were recorded. Blood samples were collected at the 10th, 25th and 39th days of lactation to determine hormonal and metabolic parameters. The use of CGM increased the intake of grass and the level of 21% CP increased milk production and its components. The mobilization of body reserves was significant in the first three weeks of lactation. Insulin and urea-N proved to be important indicators of the metabolic process in early lactation.

Resumo A proteína das pastagens com gramíneas e leguminosas tem alta degradabilidade ruminal. A suplementação com fontes proteicas de menor degradabilidade ruminal aumenta o fluxo de aminoácidos para o intestino delgado, complementando os produzidos no rúmen. Este estudo avaliou o efeito da suplementação com glúten de milho (CGM) na produção e composição do leite de ovelhas no início da lactação e nos parâmetros metabólicos que caracterizam o seu metabolismo. As ovelhas foram alojadas individualmente e alimentadas com erva cortada diariamente, sendo sujeitas a três tratamentos isoenergéticos com três níveis de proteína na MS (17, 21 e 25%), fornecidos por mandioca e CGM. A ordenha foi iniciada após os 21 dias de lactação. Foi medida a ingestão e registados o peso e a condição corporal das ovelhas. Amostras de sangue foram recolhidas aos 10º, 25º e 39º dias de lactação para determinação de parâmetros hormonais e metabólicos. A utilização de CGM aumentou a ingestão de erva e o nível de 21% de PB incrementou a produção de leite e dos seus componentes. A mobilização das reservas corporais foi significativa nas primeiras três semanas de lactação. A insulina e a ureia-N revelaram-se importantes indicadores do processo metabólico em ovelhas no início da lactação.

https://doi.org/10.19084/rca.29383

Evaluation of pediatric diabetes mellitus after SARS-CoV-2 infection: A long-term prospective case series
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Fink, Thais T.

; Canton, Ana P.M.

; Pereira, Maria Fernanda B.

; Bain, Vera

; Matsuo, Olívia

; Astley, Camilla

; Marques, Heloisa H.S.

; Correa-Silva, Simone

; Montenegro, Marilia M.

; Palmeira, Patricia

; Garanito, Marlene P.

; Duarte, Alberto J.S.

; Carneiro-Sampaio, Magda

; Latronico, Ana C.

; Silva, Clovis A.

Clinics

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2023, Volume 78 elocation 100299

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clinsp.2023.100299

Anti-Toxoplasma gondii and anti-Neospora caninum antibodies in dogs with and without neurological signs
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Caramalac, Silvana Marques

; Caramalac, Simone Marques

; Leite, Bets-Saba Naate Naumann Cerqueira

; Castilho, Pablo Menegon

; Minutti, Ana Flávia

; Martins, Thais Agostinho

; Garcia, João Luis

; Barros, Luiz Daniel de

; Romão, Felipe Gazza

; Palumbo, Mariana Isa Poci

Ciência Rural

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2023, Volume 53 N. 9 elocation e20220133

Abstract: En Pt | Text: En Pt | PDF: En | PDF: Pt

ABSTRACT: This study investigated the association between neurological signs as well as plausible risk factors and the seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii and Neospora caninum infection in dogs of the Campo Grande region of Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil. In this study, the dogs were divided into two groups based on the presence and the absence of neurological signs (n=30 in each group). Serological diagnosis was performed using the indirect fluorescent antibody test. In the group with neurological disorders, 23.3% and 30% of the dogs had anti-T. gondii and anti-N. caninum antibodies, respectively. Moreover, three dogs from this group showed co-infection with both protozoa. In the group without neurological signs, 16.7% and 13.3% of the dogs were seropositive for T. gondii and N. caninum, respectively. Although presence of neurological signs was not associated with T. gondii and N. caninum infections (P = 0.747 and P = 0.21, respectively), there was a statistical association between T. gondii seropositivity and peripheral neurological alteration (P = 0.016) among dogs with neurological signs. Raw meat ingestion was the only risk factor associated with the presence of anti-N. caninum antibodies (P = 0.041). Results revealed evidence of exposure to N. caninum and T. gondii in dogs irrespective of the presence of neurological signs. Moreover, this study highlighted the need for serological investigation of T. gondii in dogs with disturbances in peripheral nervous systems and not offering raw meat to animals to avoid the risk of N. caninum infection.

RESUMO: Este estudo teve como objetivo investigar a associação entre sinais neurológicos, assim como possíveis fatores de risco e soroprevalência de Toxoplasma gondii e Neospora caninum em cães de Campo Grande, região de Mato Grosso do Sul, Brasil. Nesse estudo, os cães foram divididos em dois grupos, baseado na presença ou ausência de sinais neurológicos (n = 30 em cada grupo). O diagnóstico sorológico foi realizado por meio do teste imunofluorescência indireta (RIFI). No grupo com distúrbios neurológicos, 23.3% e 30% dos cães tinham anticorpos anti-T. gondii e anti-N. caninum, respectivamente. Além disso, três cães deste grupo estavam coinfectados com ambos os protozoários. No grupo sem sinais neurológicos, 16.7% e 13.3% dos cães foram soropositivos para T. gondii e N. caninum, respectivamente. Apesar da presença de sinais neurológicos não ter sido associado a infecção por T. gondii ou N. caninum ( P = 0.747 e P = 0.21, respectivamente), houve associação estatística entre soropositividade para T. gondii e alteração neurológica periférica (P = 0.016) entre os cães com sinais neurológicos. A ingestão de carne crua foi o único fator de risco que apresentou associação com a presença de anticorpos para N. caninum (P = 0.041). Estes resultados mostraram evidência de que a exposição a N. caninum e T. gondii em cães independe da presença de sinais neurológicos. Além disso, este estudo destaca a necessidade de investigação sorológica para T. gondii em cães com distúrbios neurológicos periféricos, e o oferecimento de carne crua aos animais deve ser evitada devido ao risco de infecção por neosporose.

https://doi.org/10.1590/0103-8478cr20220133

Fast and Green Hematite (α-Fe2O3) and Akaganeite (β-FeOOH) Synthesis Using a Microwave-Assisted Hydrothermal Process with Single Precursor and No Stabilizing Agent
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Diniz, Paulo Afonso F.

; Cavalcante, Kiany Sirley B.

; Souza, Josiane Carneiro

; Marques, Gleison N.

; Santos, Fernanda Hellen de S.

; Cutrim, Fiama M.

; Henriques, Raelma B.

; Mendonça, Leonardo T. B.

; Nascimento, Ulisses M.

Materials Research

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2023, Volume 26 elocation e20230016

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

In this work, iron chloride (FeCl3.6H2O), a single reagent, was used to create the phases of hematite (α-Fe2O3) and akaganeite (β-FeOOH) without the need of organic solvents using the microwave-assisted hydrothermal technique (HM). X-ray diffraction demonstrated the efficacy of the HM technique in the generation of crystalline phases of α-Fe2O3 at 180oC and β-FeOOH at 120oC. The development of pseudo-cunic and stick-like particles was a result of changes in experimental variables, which also had a substantial impact on the materials structural characteristics. The nitrogen (N2) adsorption/desorption isotherms of the samples containing akaganeite and hematite phase resembled those of mesoporous materials. Hematite has a surface area of 25.44 m2 g-1, while akaganeite has a surface area of 110.60 m2 g-1, according to the calculation. Thermodifferential and thermogravimetric techniques were used to assess thermal degradation. The use of microwave hydrothermal synthesis was promoted as being quick, easy, affordable, and safe for the environment.

https://doi.org/10.1590/1980-5373-mr-2023-0016

Encapsulation of benznidazole in nanostructured lipid carriers and increased trypanocidal activity in a resistant Trypanosoma cruzi strain
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Silva, Flávia Lidiane Oliveira da

; Marques, Maria Betânia de Freitas

; Yoshida, Maria Irene

; Mussel, Wagner da Nova

; Silveira, João Vinícios Wirbitzki da

; Barroso, Poliana Ribeiro

; Kato, Kelly Cristina

; Martins, Helen Rodrigues

; Carneiro, Guilherme

Brazilian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences

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2023, Volume 59 elocation e22111

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

Abstract Chagas disease is a neglected parasitic disease caused by Trypanosoma cruzi, whose treatment has remained unsatisfactory for over 50 years, given that it is limited to two drugs. Benznidazole (BZN) is an efficient antichagasic drug used as the first choice, although its poor water-solubility, irregular oral absorption, low efficacy in the chronic phase, and various associated adverse effects are limiting factors for treatment. Incorporating drugs with such characteristics into nanostructured lipid carriers (NLC) is a promising alternative to overcome these limiting obstacles, enhancing drug efficacy and bioavailability while reducing toxicity. Therefore, this study proposed NLC-BZN formulations in different compositions prepared by hot-melt homogenization followed by ultrasound, and the optimized formulation was characterized by FTIR, DRX, DSC, and thermogravimetry. Biological activities included in vitro membrane toxicity (red blood cells), fibroblast cell cytotoxicity, and trypanocidal activity against epimastigotes of the Colombian strain of T. cruzi. The optimized NLC-BZN had a small size (110 nm), negative zeta potential (-18.0 mV), and high encapsulation (1.64% of drug loading), as shown by infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, and thermal analysis. The NLC-BZN also promoted lower in vitro membrane toxicity (<3% hemolysis), and 50% cytotoxic concentration (CC50) for NLC-BZN in L929 fibroblast cells (110.7 µg/mL) was twice the value as the free BZN (51.3 µg/mL). Our findings showed that the NLC-BZN had higher trypanocidal activity than free BZN against the epimastigotes of the resistant Colombian strain, and this novel NLC-BZN formulation proved to be a promising tool in treating Chagas disease and considered suitable for oral and parenteral administration.

https://doi.org/10.1590/s2175-97902023e22111

Herpetofauna of protected areas in the Caatinga VIII: An updated checklist for the Serra das Confusões region with new data from Serra Vermelha, Piauí, Brazil
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Marques, Ricardo

; Garda, Adrian A.

; Furtado, Adriana P.

; Bruinjé, Andre C.

; Protázio, Arielson dos S.

; de Carvalho, Breno F.

; Vieira, Cecília R.

; Gomes, Dandara

; Pantoja, Davi L.

; Figueiredo, Diainara da S.

; Shepard, Donald B.

; Camurugi, Felipe

; Coelho, Felipe E. A.

; Magalhães, Felipe M.

; Caetano, Gabriel H. O.

; Colli, Guarino R.

; Paulino, Henrique M.

; Carvalho, Izabelle T. S.

; Graciene, Joedma

; Alvarenga, Júlio M.

; Clay, Natalie A.

; Albuquerque, Ralph L.

; Bosque, Renan J.

; Faria, Renato

; da Silveira-Filho, Ricardo R.

; Mângia, Sarah

; Cavalcante, Vitor H. G. L.

; Vieira, Washington L. S.

; da Silva, Willianilson P.

; Soares, Yan F. F.

; Mesquita, Daniel O.

Biota Neotropica

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2023, Volume 23 N. 4 elocation e20231520

Abstract: En Pt | Text: En Pt | PDF: En | PDF: Pt

Abstract It is repeatedly stressed the need to characterize the extant biodiversity in tropical ecosystems. However, inventory studies are still progressing slowly in dry ecosystems, leading to the underestimation of their true biodiversity and hindering conservation efforts. In this study, we present primary and secondary data, along with an updated list of amphibians and reptiles from two localities in the São Francisco-Gurguéia region in Piauí. Additionally, we compare the species composition between nine areas within the Caatinga, which were sampled using standardized methods over the past ten years, to examine broader spatial patterns of community composition. To survey reptiles and amphibians, we employed similar methods and sampling efforts in two areas within the Serra das Confusões National Park (SCNP) region. Our surveys recorded a total of 73 species of amphibians and reptiles, of which 24 are new distribution records for the SCNP region. Consequently, our findings increase the known herpetofauna in the region to 94 species. Despite their proximity, the two sites in the SCNP region exhibited only 42% similarity in species composition, and they differed significantly from other areas within the Caatinga. Furthermore, even the closer Caatinga areas presented differences in species composition, highlighting the necessity to evaluate biodiversity across the landscape and contribute to understanding biogeographic patterns.

Resumo É repetidamente enfatizada a necessidade de caracterizar a biodiversidade vivente em ecossistemas tropicais. No entanto, os estudos de inventário ainda estão progredindo lentamente em ecossistemas secos, levando à subestimação de sua verdadeira biodiversidade e dificultando os esforços de conservação. Neste estudo, apresentamos dados primários e secundários, juntamente com uma lista atualizada de anfíbios e répteis de duas localidades na região de São Francisco-Gurguéia, do Piauí. Além disso, comparamos a composição de espécies entre nove áreas dentro da Caatinga, que foram amostradas usando métodos padronizados nos últimos dez anos, para examinar padrões espaciais mais amplos de composição da comunidade. Para estudar répteis e anfíbios, utilizamos métodos e esforços de amostragem semelhantes em duas áreas na região do Parque Nacional da Serra das Confusões (PNSC). Nossos levantamentos registraram um total de 73 espécies de anfíbios e répteis, das quais 24 são novos registros de distribuição para a região do PNSC. Consequentemente, nossos resultados aumentam a herpetofauna conhecida na região para 94 espécies. Apesar da proximidade, os dois locais na região do PNSC exibiram apenas 42% de similaridade na composição de espécies e diferiram significativamente de outras áreas dentro da Caatinga. Mesmo áreas mais próximas da Caatinga apresentaram diferenças na composição de espécies, destacando a necessidade de avaliar a biodiversidade em toda a paisagem e contribuir para a compreensão de padrões biogeográficos.

https://doi.org/10.1590/1676-0611-bn-2023-1520

Ponto de maturidade fisiológica de sementes de Sideroxylon obtusifolium [(Roem. & Schult.) T. D. Penn.]
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Sena, Daniela Vieira dos Anjos

; Alves, Edna Ursulino

; Araújo, Luciana Rodrigues de

; Silva, Rosemere dos Santos

; Anjos Neto, Antônio Pereira dos

; Rodrigues, Caroline Marques

Ciência Florestal

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sep 2022, Volume 32 N. 3 Pages 1106 - 1124

Abstract: Pt En | Text: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

Resumo O estudo da maturação de sementes é determinante no conhecimento do comportamento das espécies em relação à sua reprodução, possibilitando obter a época adequada de coleta para a obtenção de material genético de boa qualidade, sementes aptas para a conservação e produção de mudas. Objetivou-se estudar o processo de maturação de sementes de Sideroxylon obtusifolium, visando determinar o ponto de maturidade fisiológica. A pesquisa foi realizada com 30 árvores-matrizes localizadas na zona rural do município de Boa Vista - PB, as quais tiveram seus frutos coletados e conduzidos para estudo no Laboratório de Análise de Sementes do Centro de Ciências Agrárias da Universidade Federal da Paraíba, Areia - PB. Determinou-se as características físicas e fisiológicas. O delineamento estatístico empregado foi inteiramente ao acaso, com os resultados submetidos à análise de variância e regressão polinomial, em função dos períodos de coletas. O ponto de maturidade fisiológica de sementes de Sideroxylon obtusifolium ocorre entre 105 e 112 dias após a antese nas condições ambientais da área de pesquisa.

Abstract The study of seed maturation is determinant, an important way of knowing in the knowledge of the behavior of species in relation to their reproduction, making it possible to determine the appropriate time of collection to obtain genetic material of good quality, seeds suitable for the conservation and production of seedlings. The objective was to study the maturation process of Sideroxylon obtusifolium seeds, aiming to determine the physiological maturity point. The research was conducted with 30 matrix trees located in the rural area of the municipality of Boa Vista - PB, which had their fruits collected and sent for analysis by the Seed Analysis Laboratory of the Center for Agricultural Sciences, Federal University of Paraíba, Sand - PB for analysis. The following were determined: physical and physiological characteristics, water content, dry mass, germination test, first count, germination speed index and electrical conductivity of the seeds were determined. The statistical design used was completely randomized, and, with the data, results were submitted to analysis of variance and polynomial regression, as a function of the periods of the collection periods. The physiological maturity point of Sideroxylon obtusifolium seeds. Sideroxylon obtusifolium occurs between 105 and 112 days after anthesis under environmental conditions in the municipality of Boa Vista - PB of the research area.

https://doi.org/10.5902/1980509834217

10.

Weed suppression by forage legumes in silvopastoral systems and its effect on soil chemical characteristics
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de Marchi, Sidnei Roberto

; Fagundes Marques, Ricardo

; Rocha Pereira, Maria Renata

; Martins, Dagoberto

Bosque (Valdivia)

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apr 2022, Volume 43 N. 1 Pages 23 - 32

Abstract: Es En | Text: Es En | PDF: Es | PDF: En

RESUMEN: Aun siendo considerado un sistema de cultivo moderno, los sistemas silvopastoriles pueden degradarse rápidamente si no se observan algunos cuidados, principalmente, relacionados con el control de malezas, en las primeras etapas de establecimiento de este sistema. El presente trabajo tuvo como objetivo evaluar el efecto del aprovechamiento de leguminosas forrajeras en la supresión de malezas y en el desarrollo inicial de la Tectona grandis en la implementación de un sistema silvopastoril. Se utilizaron cuatro especies de leguminosas: Arachis pintoi, Stylosanthes guianensis, Vigna unguiculata y Cajanus cajan, que se compararon con tres regímenes de deshierbe: siega, desyerbado a mano y cero deshierbe (parcela sin deshierbe). El experimento se dispuso en un diseño de bloques completos al azar con cuatro repeticiones, y cada parcela experimental consistió en la longitud correspondiente a cuatro plantas teca por cuatro metros de ancho. Las evaluaciones de supresión de malezas se llevaron a cabo al final del período de crecimiento anual, representado por la temporada alta de lluvias en la región. Se identificaron, cuantificaron las especies de malezas y se determinó la materia seca de malezas producidas por las especies encontradas. El desarrollo de las plantas de teca se evaluó midiendo la altura de las plantas, el diámetro del tallo en el cuello de las plantas y en la altura del pecho en un período de dos años. El A. pintoi y los S. guianensis ejercen poca presión competitiva sobre las malezas, pero no interfieren en las variables de crecimiento de la T. grandis.

SUMMARY: Even when considered a modern cultivation system, silvopastoral systems can be rapidly degraded if some cares, mainly related to weed control, are not observed at the early stages of establishment of this system. The present work had the objective of evaluating the use of forage legumes on weed suppression and on the initial development of Teak (Tectona grandis) when implementing a silvopastoral system. Four legume species were used, namely: pinto peanut (Arachis pintoi), Brazilian stylos (Stylosanthes guianensis), cowpea (Vigna unguiculata) and pigeon pea (Cajanus cajan), which were compared with three weeding regimes: (i) mowing, (ii) hand weeding, and (iii) zero weeding (unweeded plot). The experiment was laid out in a randomized complete-block design with four replications. Each experimental plot consisted of the length corresponding to four Teak plants by four meters in width. Weed suppression assessments were carried out at the end of the annual growing period, represented by the high rainfall season in the region. Weed species were identified and quantified. The weed dry matter produced by found species was determined. Teak plants development was assessed by measuring plants height, stem diameter at the plants neck and breast height in a 2-year period. Pinto peanut and Brazilian stylos put little competitive pressure on weeds, although they produced the largest quantities of organic matter and available nitrogen in the soil and did not interfere in the growth variables of the teak component.

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11.

Weed interference in Marandu palisade grass pastures under renewal or maintenance conditions
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Marchi, Sidnei R. de

; Marques, Ricardo F.

; Araújo, Prissila P. dos S.

; Silva, Ilgner T. D.

; Martins, Dagoberto

Revista Brasileira de Engenharia Agrícola e Ambiental

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mar 2022, Volume 26 N. 3 Pages 166 - 172

Abstract: Pt En | Text: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

RESUMO A presença de plantas daninhas como consequência da degradação de pastagens é um dos principais problemas da pecuária em todo o mundo. Assim, o conhecimento dos aspectos de interferência e do período apropriado para o manejo dessas espécies é essencial para a decisão de aplicar uma determinada medida de controle. Este estudo teve como objetivo estudar a interferência de plantas daninhas sobre os componentes morfoestruturais e na qualidade nutricional do capim Marandu em condições de renovação ou manutenção de pastagem. Os experimentos foram conduzidos em delineamento experimental de blocos ao acaso, com quatro repetições, sendo os tratamentos constituídos por oito períodos crescentes de convivência entre o capim Marandu e as plantas daninhas (0, 15, 30, 45, 60, 75, 90, e 120 dias). A caracterização da gramínea forrageira foi realizada ao final do período de condução do experimento, que correspondeu a 120 dias de convivência, obtendo os principais componentes morfoestruturais e nutricionais da forragem. As plantas daninhas interferem na qualidade morfoestrutural e nutricional de áreas de pastagem com capim Marandu que passam pelo processo de renovação ou manutenção. A digestibilidade in vitro da matéria orgânica do capim Marandu é negativamente influenciada pela presença de plantas daninhas, sugerindo que medidas de controle em áreas de renovação ou manutenção de pastagens devem ser adotadas até 24 e 18 dias de convivência em comum, respectivamente.

ABSTRACT The presence of weeds as a consequence of pasture degradation is one of the main problems facing livestock worldwide. Thus, knowing the interference aspects and the appropriate time for weed management is essential for applying a particular control measure. This research aimed to study the weed interference on the morphostructural and nutritional quality of the Marandu palisade grass in conditions of renewal or maintenance of pasture. The experiments were conducted in a randomized block design, with four replicates and treatments consisted of eight growth periods of coexistence between Marandu palisade grass and weeds (0, 15, 30, 45, 60, 75, 90, and 120 days). Forage grass was characterized at the end of the experimental period, corresponding to 120 days of coexistence, and the main morphostructural and nutritional components were determined. Under the renewal or maintenance process, the weeds interfere in the morphostructural and nutritional quality of pasture areas with Marandu palisade grass. In vitro organic matter digestibility of Marandu palisade grass is negatively influenced by weeds, suggesting that control measures for renewal or maintenance areas should be adopted within 24 and 18 days of coexistence, respectively.

https://doi.org/10.1590/1807-1929/agriambi.v26n3p166-172

12.

Biological parameters of Tetranychus mexicanus (McGregor) (Acari: Tetranychidae) in papaya and passion fruit
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Barrancas, Jessica Ferreira

; Silva, Neliton Marques da

; Vasconcelos, Geraldo José Nascimento de

Pesquisa Agropecuária Tropical

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2022, Volume 52 elocation e72154

Abstract: Pt En | Text: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

RESUMO Entre as principais culturas atacadas por Tetranychus mexicanus (McGregor) estão o mamoeiro (Carica papaya L.) e o maracujazeiro (Passiflora edulis Sims); porém, a biologia do ácaro nesses hospedeiros não é conhecida. Objetivou-se analisar a biologia, desenvolvimento, sobrevivência e reprodução, bem como estimar a tabela de vida de fertilidade de T. mexicanus em mamoeiro e maracujazeiro, em câmara climatizada. A duração das fases de desenvolvimento de T. mexicanus foi estabelecida e os parâmetros reprodutivos das fêmeas foram determinados e usados para elaboração da tabela de vida. O período de ovo-adulto foi de 11,2 ± 0,07 e 12,0 ± 0,11 dias, com sobrevivência de 92,0 ± 0,04 e 79,0 ± 0,06 % para as populações de T. mexicanus, respectivamente em mamoeiro e maracujazeiro. Tanto os períodos de ovo-adulto quanto as sobre vivências foram significativamente diferentes. A fecundidade foi de 106,0 ± 8,96 e 81,7 ± 7,21 ovos/♀, com taxa líquida de reprodução (R0) de 86,8 ± 0,15 e 56,7 ± 0,12 ♀/♀/geraçâo, respectivamente para as populações do mamoeiro e maracujazeiro, com diferenças significativas. Os resultados indicam que T mexicanus tem elevada capacidade de desenvolvimento, sobrevivência e reprodução nos dois hospedeiros, principalmente no mamoeiro.

ABSTRACT The main crops attacked by Tetranychus mexicanus (McGregor) include papaya (Carica papaya L.) and passion fruit (Passiflora edulis Sims); however, the biological parameters of the mite in these hosts remain unknown. This research aimed to analyze the biology, development, survival and reproduction, as well as estimate the fertility life table of T. mexicanus in papaya and passion fruit, in an acclimatized chamber. The duration of the developmental stages of T. mexicanus was established and the reproductive parameters of the females were determined and used to construct the life table. The egg-adult period was 11.2 ± 0.07 and 12.0 ± 0.11 days, with a survival rate of 92.0 ± 0.04 and 79.0 ± 0.06 % for the T. mexicanus populations, respectively in papaya and passion fruit. Both the egg-adult periods and survival rates were significantly different. The fecundity was 106.0 ± 8.96 and 81.7 ± 7.21 eggs/♀, with a net reproduction rate (R0) of 86.8 ± 0.15 and 56.7 ± 0.12 ♀/♀/generation, respectively the for papaya and passion fruit populations, with significant differences. The results indicate that T. mexicanus has a high capacity to develop, survive and reproduce on both hosts, especially on papaya.

https://doi.org/10.1590/1983-40632022v5272154

13.

A 32-day long fieldwork in Antarctica improves heat tolerance during physical exercise
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MARTINS, YGOR A.T.

; PASSOS, RENATA L.F.

; MARQUES, ALICE L.

; GONÇALVES, DAWIT A.P.

; MENDES, THIAGO T.

; NÚÑEZ-ESPINOSA, CRISTIAN

; RODRIGUES, LUIZ O.C.

; WANNER, SAMUEL P.

; MORAES, MICHELE M.

; ARANTES, ROSA M.E.

; SOARES, DANUSA D.

Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciências

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2022, Volume 94 Suppl. 1 elocation e20210593

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

Abstract We evaluated the influence of a 32-day camping in Antarctica on physical performance and exercise-induced thermoregulatory responses. In Brazil, before and after the Antarctic camping, the volunteers performed an incremental exercise at temperate conditions and, two days later, an exercise heat stress protocol (45-min running at 60% of maximum aerobic speed, at 31°C and 60% of relative humidity). In Antarctica, core temperature was assessed on a day of fieldwork, and average values higher than 38.5°C were reported. At pre- and post-Antarctica, physiological (whole-body and local sweat rate, number of active sweat glands, sweat gland output, core and skin temperatures) and perceptual (thermal comfort and sensation) variables were measured. The Antarctic camping improved the participants’ performance and induced heat-related adaptations, as evidenced by sweat redistribution (lower in the chest but higher in grouped data from the forehead, forearm, and thigh) and reduced skin temperatures in the forehead and chest during the exercise heat stress protocol. Notwithstanding the acclimatization, the participants did not report differences of the thermal sensation and comfort. In conclusion, staying in an Antarctic camp for 32 days improved physical performance and elicited physiological adaptations to heat due to the physical exertion-induced hyperthermia in the field.

https://doi.org/10.1590/0001-3765202220210593

14.

The outcomes of polyparasitism in stray cats from Brazilian Midwest assessed by epidemiological, hematological and pathological data
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Silva, Alanderson Rodrigues da

; Andrade, Gisele Braziliano

; Carvalho, Joyce Katiuccia Medeiros Ramos

; Barreto, Wanessa Teixeira Gomes

; Santos, Filipe Martins

; Sousa, Keyla Carstens Marques de

; André, Marcos Rogério

; Ferreira, Luiz Claudio

; Menezes, Rodrigo Caldas

; Herrera, Heitor Miraglia

Revista Brasileira de Parasitologia Veterinária

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2022, Volume 31 N. 2 elocation e004222

Abstract: Pt En | Text: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

Resumo Foi avaliada a epidemiologia, hematologia e patologia das infecções por Leishmania spp., Toxoplasma gondii, Platynosomum illiciens, vírus da imunodeficiência felina (FIV) e vírus da leucemia felina (FeLV) e das coinfecções em gatos não domiciliados em uma área endêmica para leishmaniose. O diagnóstico foi realizado por exames sorológicos e necropsia. Foram descritas lesões macroscópicas e achados histopatológicos. Usaram-se imuno-histoquímica e hibridização cromogênica in situ para detecção de L. infantum. Encontrou-se infecção em 27 dos 50 gatos amostrados, dentre eles, 14 apresentavam coinfecções. Foi observada forte correlação entre esplenomegalia e linfadenomegalia com FeLV, e associação entre lesões hepáticas e caquexia com parasitismo por P. illiciens. Além disso, foi encontrado um aumento significativo na contagem de monócitos nos animais infectados pelo FeLV e uma diminuição na contagem de hemácias nos animais infectados pelo FIV. Formas amastigotas de Leishmania spp. e alterações teciduais foram detectadas em órgãos linfoides de um animal coinfectado com P. illiciens, T. gondii e FIV. O poliparasitismo registrado em gatos errantes do Centro-Oeste brasileiro deve ser considerado nas estratégias de controle de zoonoses. Além disso, gatos errantes de Campo Grande podem ser fontes de infecção de FIV, FeLV e P. illiciens para populações de gatos domiciliados.

Abstract We evaluated the epidemiological, hematological, and pathological data of Leishmania spp., Toxoplasma gondii, Platynosomum illiciens, feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV), and feline leukemia virus (FeLV) infections and the coinfections in stray cats of an endemic area for leishmaniasis. The diagnosis was performed by serological tests and necropsy. We described gross lesions and histopathological findings. We used immunohistochemistry and chromogenic in situ hybridization for L. infantum detection. We found infection in 27 out of 50 sampled cats, among them, 14 presented coinfections. A strong correlation between splenomegaly and lymphadenomegaly with FeLV, and an association between hepatic lesions and cachexia with parasitism due to P. illiciens were observed. Moreover, we found a significant increase in the monocyte count in the FeLV-infected and a decrease in the red blood cell count in the FIV-infected animals. Amastigote forms of Leishmania spp. and tissue changes were detected in lymphoid organs of an animal coinfected with P. illiciens, T. gondii, and FIV. Polyparasitism recorded in stray cats of the Brazilian Midwest should be considered in effective control strategies for public health diseases. Moreover, stray cats of Campo Grande may be a source of infection of FIV, FeLV and P. illiciens for populations of domiciled cats.

https://doi.org/10.1590/s1984-29612022033

15.

Detection of Treponema pallidum in whole blood samples of patients with syphilis by the polymerase chain reaction
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Queiroz, Júlio Henrique Ferreira de Sá

; Correa, Maisa Estopa

; Ferreira, Tiago da Silva

; Marques, Michele Ferreira

; Barbosa, Marcelo dos Santos

; Marchioro, Silvana Beutinger

; Simionatto, Simone

Revista do Instituto de Medicina Tropical de São Paulo

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2022, Volume 64 elocation e75

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

ABSTRACT Syphilis is caused by the bacterium Treponema pallidum. The diagnosis is based on clinical data and serological analysis; however, the sensitivity and specificity of such tests may vary depending on the type of test and stage of the infection. In order to overcome this premise, this study utilized the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for the detection of T. pallidum DNA in whole blood samples of patients with syphilis. The blood samples from patients with or without symptoms of syphilis, but with positive results in enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), were included in this study. A venereal disease research laboratory (VDRL) test was performed for all collected sera samples. For PCR, the T. pallidum DNA was extracted from the collected blood samples and a specific primer set was designed to amplify 131 nucleotides of polA (Tp0105). The specificity of the primers was evaluated with the DNA of 17 different pathogens. From a total of 314 blood samples reactive in ELISA, 58.2% (183/314) of the samples were reactive in the VDRL test. In the PCR, 54% (168/314) of the ELISA-reactive samples were positive. In both tests (VDRL and PCR) 104 samples were positive. Of 104 positive samples for both tests, 71 were at the latent stage. Based on these results, it can be concluded that PCR with the designed set of primers can be utilized as a diagnostic method for T. pallidum detection in blood samples of patients with syphilis, especially those with latent infection. In addition, it can be utilized as a supplement for serological methods to improve the diagnosis of syphilis.

https://doi.org/10.1590/s1678-9946202264075

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