ABSTRACT Phosphorus (P) is one of the fundamental elements for the development of soybean. An inadequate supply in the plant could seriously limit production. In the experimental field of the Faculty of Agrarian Sciences, Pedro Juan Caballero Branch of the National University of Asunción, located in the Cerro Corá District, on an Alfisol, an experiment was installed to evaluate the effects of the application of different simple superphosphate dose in soybean yield and damages. Significant differences were found between the control and the fertilized treatments in terms of yield parameters, with an increase in grain yield according to the increase in the applied phosphorus dose, adjusting to a linear equation. The average production of grains in kg ha-1 was 3,837.50, 4,148.61, 4,290.28, and 4,455.56 kg ha-1 for doses of 30, 60, 90, and 120 kg ha-1 of P2O5 respectively, being the mean obtained in the control equal to 3,527.78 kg ha-1. Significant differences were found between the control and the fertilized treatments in terms of the percentage variable of pods attacked by bedbugs and healthy pods. Healthy plants have been verified, without attack or punctures in higher doses of P2O5.

RESUMEN El fósforo (P) es unos de los elementos fundamentales para el desarrollo de la soja. Un suministro inadecuado en la planta podría limitar considerablemente el rendimiento. En el campo experimental de la Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias, Filial Pedro Juan Caballero de la Universidad Nacional de Asunción, situado en el Distrito de Cerro Corá, sobre un Alfisol, se instaló un experimento con el objetivo de evaluar los efectos de la aplicación de diferentes dosis de superfosfato simple en el rendimiento productivo de la soja y los danos. Se encontraron diferencias significativas entre el testigo y los tratamientos fertilizados en cuanto a los parámetros de rendimiento, existiendo un aumento del rendimiento de granos de acuerdo al aumento de la dosis de fósforo aplicado, ajustándose a una ecuación lineal. La producción media de granos en kg ha-1 fueron de 3.837,50, 4.148,61, 4.290,28, y 4.455,56 kg ha-1 para dosis de 30, 60, 90, y 120 kg ha-1 de P2O5 respectivamente, siendo la media obtenida en el testigo igual a 3.527,78 kg ha-1. Se encontraron diferencias significativas entre el testigo y los tratamientos fertilizados en cuanto a la variable de porcentaje de vainas atacadas por chinches y vainas sanas. Se ha verificado plantas sanas, sin ataque o puncturas en mayores dosis de P2O5.

Abstract Superior vena cava syndrome (SVCS) is an entity that has become more frequent due to the increasing use of indwelling central venous catheters. Surgical management is considered in patients with extensive venous thrombosis and when endovascular therapy is not feasible. The use of superficial femoral vein is an excellent technique for reconstruction of the brachiocephalic vein and superior vena cava (SVC) in cases with benign and malignant etiologies. We describe two cases of SVCS that were managed surgically at our institution with replacement of the SVC and brachiocephalic veins with a superficial femoral vein graft technique.

RESUMO Objetivo: o objetivo deste estudo foi relatar uma série de casos de fibrofoliculoma solitário, uma lesão raramente observada nas pálpebras. Demografia, bem como aspectos clínicos e histológicos da lesão foram avaliados. Métodos: Trata-se de uma série de casos retrospectivos, com um período de 18 anos. Todos os pacientes incluídos foram diagnosticados com fibrofoliculoma solitário confirmado por exame histológico. Foram coletados dados referentes à demografia, sinais e sintomas dos pacientes, evolução da doença, localização da lesão, diagnóstico clínico e histológico e desfecho. Resultados: Onze casos de fibrofoliculoma solitário foram diagnosticados no período do estudo. A média de idade dos pacientes de 51 ± 16,3 anos (variação: 27-78 anos). A maioria dos pacientes era do sexo feminino (7/11, 64%). Cinco dos pacientes (45%) eram assintomáticos; quatro (36%) relataram sangramento, um (9%) referiu coceira e um (9%) fricção da lesão. A lesão ocorreu em luma ampla variedade de locais; um deles sendo nas pálpebras. O diagnóstico de todas as lesões foi histológico com base nos achados característicos de um folículo piloso ocasionalmente dilatado e contendo material de queratina, cercado por um manto espesso de tecido fibroso moderadamente bem circunscrito. O epitélio infundibular folicular se estendeu até esse manto fibroso, formando cordões ou cordões epiteliais. Não houve recaídas após exérese. Conclusão: Fibrofoliculoma solitário é uma lesão rara, mais ainda quando afeta as pálpebras. Relatamos 11 casos, e o terceiro relatado até o momento na literatura que afeta as pálpebras. O diagnóstico pode ser facilmente esquecido devido a sintomas inespecíficos e aparência clínica. Portanto, é necessário realizar biópsia excisional e exame histológico para o reconhecimento dessa lesão.

ABSTRACT Purpose: The purpose of this study was to report a series of cases of solitary fibrofolliculoma, a lesion seldom observed in the lids. Demographics, as well as clinical and histological aspects of the lesion were evaluated. Methods: This was a retrospective case series spanning a period of 18 years. All the included patients were diagnosed with solitary fibrofolliculoma confirmed by histological examination. Data regarding patient demographics, signs, and symptoms, course of the disease, location of the lesion, clinical and histological diagnosis, and outcome were collected. Results: Eleven cases of solitary fibrofolliculoma were diagnosed in the study period. The median age of patients was 51 ± 16.3 years (range: 27-78 years). Most patients were females (7/11; 64%). Five of the patients (45%) were asymptomatic; four (36%) reported bleeding, one (9%) had referred itching, and one (9%) rubbing of the lesion. The lesion occurred in a wide range of locations; one of them was located in the lids. The diagnosis for all lesions was histological based on characteristic findings of a hair follicle occasionally dilated and containing keratin material surrounded by a moderately well-circumscribed thick mantle of fibrous tissue. The infundibular follicular epithelium extended out into this fibrous mantle forming epithelial strands or cords. There were no relapses after exeresis. Conclusion: Solitary fibrofolliculoma is a rare lesion, seldom affecting the eyelids. We reported 11 cases, and the third case reported thus far in the literature affecting the lids. Diagnosis may be easily missed due to the nonspecific symptoms and clinical appearance. Therefore, it is necessary to perform excisional biopsy and histological examination for the recognition of this lesion.

Resumen Introducción: el modafinilo es un fármaco neuroestimulante utilizado principalmente para promover estados de vigilia atención y disminuir la fatiga ante ciertos comportamientos que propician la somnolencia diurna excesiva. Objetivo: identificar en la literatura científica los efectos adversos neurológicos y cardiovasculares causados por el consumo del modafinilo. Materiales y Métodos: revisión bibliográfica de los artículos encontrados entre los meses de abril y julio de 2019 en las bases de datos PUBMED, SCOPUS, DIALNET. 51 artículos superaron la evaluación de calidad metodológica y se incluyeron en la revisión. Resultados: se identificaron que los principales efectos adversos a nivel cardiovascular son la cardiomiopatía Tako-Tsubo y la taquicardia ventricular polimórfica, mientras que a nivel neurológico puede generar insomnio y distonías. Conclusiones: El consumo del modafinilo genera repercusiones en las funciones cognitivas y cardiovasculares por lo cual no es aconsejable su uso a largo plazo en personas sanas. MÉD. UIS.2020;33(1):31-8.

Abstract Introduction: modafinil is a neurostimulant drug used mainly to promote wakefulness, attention and decrease fatigue in certain behaviors that cause excessive daytime sleepiness. Objective: identify in the scientific literature the neurological and cardiovascular adverse effects caused by the consumption of modafinil. Materials and Methods: bibliographic review of the articles found between the months of April and July of 2019 in the PUBMED, SCOPUS, DIALNET databases. 51 articles passed the methodological quality assessment and were included in the review. Results: the main adverse effects at the cardiovascular level were identified as Tako-Tsubo cardiomyopathy and polymorphic ventricular tachycardia, while at the neurological level it can generate insomnia and dystonia. Conclusions: the consumption of modafinil generates repercussions on cognitive and cardiovascular functions, so its long-term use in healthy people is not advisable. MÉD.UIS.2020;33(1):31-8.

Wind pollination in Asteraceae is well documented only in few tribes. Particularly, in Eupatorieae, apparent anemophily has only been reported in 10 species belonging to the genera Critonia, Decachaeta, Eupatorium, Koanophyllon, and Neohintonia, most of which inhabit North and Central America, with only two species from South America. The genus Acanthostyles has only one species, Acanthostyles buniifolius, which is widely distributed in southern South America. This species shows features that may suggest a pollination mechanism mediated by wind. We analyzed in detail some morphological and palynological traits related to the anemophilous syndrome. As a result, we identified some characters of A. buniifolius associated to wind pollination: presence of loose and pendulous secondary inflorescence with mainly downward oriented small heads, increased of proportion of stigmatic area in relation to the total length of the style branch, acicular style sweeping laxly arranged and wide-caveate, microechinate (= subechinate) pollen. This paper proposes first evidence of possible anemophily for a species of subtribe Dysinaphiinae within the Eupatorieae tribe.

La polinización por el viento en la familia Asteraceae se encuentra documentada en unas pocas tribus. Particularmente en Eupatorieae, sólo se ha reportado aparente anemofilia en 10 especies pertenecientes a los géneros Critonia, Decachaeta, Eupatorium, Koanophyllon y Neohintonia, la mayoría de las cuales crece en América del Norte y Central, con sólo dos especies que alcanzan América del sur. El género Acanthostyles incluye una única especie, Acanthostyles buniifolius, la cual se encuentra ampliamente distribuida en el sur de América del Sur. Esta especie presenta características que sugieren un mecanismo de polinización mediado por el viento. Analizamos en detalle algunos caracteres morfológicos y palinológicos relacionados con el síndrome anemófilo. Como resultado, identificamos algunos atributos asociados con la polinización por el viento: inflorescencia laxa y péndula con capítulos pequeños orientados principalmente hacia abajo, estilo con mayor proporción de área estigmática en relación al largo total de la rama del estilo, pelos barredores del estilo aciculares dispuestos laxamente y polen con amplio cavus, microequinado (=subequinado). Este trabajo aporta las primeras evidencias de la posible anemofilia para una especie de la subtribu Dysinaphiinae, dentro de la tribu Eupatorieae.

A distal radial fracture may occur as a result of axial compression of the wrist. The most common treatments include the conservative approach (plaster cast immobilization) and surgery. In the latter procedure, plates and screws are used to fix the fracture after reduction. However, it may be difficult to determine the relative position of the screws with respect to the articular surface, due to the complex anatomy of this structure. To solve this problem, standard radiological imaging has been used to determine the palmar and radial tilt of the articular surface. Based on the angles obtained, the forearm is tilted in such a way that when the radiograph is taken the articular surface labia overlap. However, this method is not very effective to determine tilt, since the biplane and biconcave anatomy of the articular zone are not considered simultaneously. A methodology is proposed to find the angles determining articular surface orientation by means of three-dimensional reconstruction based on axial tomography imaging. Such tilt measurements will make it possible to obtain a tangential view of the distal radial articular surface and determine the relative position of fixation screws with respect to it. In a case study it was found that total radial tilt of the articular surface was 13° and palmar tilt was 6° with respect to a line perpendicular to the central axis of the radius. This outcome differs from findings by other authors, who propose a radial angle of 22° to 24° and a palmar angle of 9° to 12°. Additionally, for the surface articulating with the semilunar bone, radial tilt was found to be 7° and palmar tilt 10°, whereas in the fossa which is in contact with the scaphoid bone, radial tilt is 21° and palmar tilt 8° in the case analyzed.

La fractura del radio distal se puede presentar cuando se produce una compresión axial sobre la muñeca. Entre los tratamientos más comunes se encuentran el conservador (inmovilización con yeso) y el quirúrgico. Este último emplea placas y tornillos para la fijación de la fractura después de la reducción, sin embargo, debido a la anatomía compleja de la superficie articular, determinar la posición relativa de los tornillos con respecto a esta puede llegar a ser com,plicado. Para solucionar esto, se han empleado imágenes radiológicas estándar, en las cuales se determina la inclinación palmar y radial de la superficie articular. Con base en los ángulos obtenidos se inclina el antebrazo, de modo que al tomar la radiografía, los labios de la superficie articular queden superpuestos. Sin embargo, este método para determinar las inclinaciones resulta poco efectivo debido a que no se considera en su análisis la anatomía biplana simultáneamente con la bicóncava, del área articular. En este artículo se propone una metodología para hallar los ángulos que determinan la orientación de la superficie articular, empleando reconstrucción tridimensional a partir de imágenes de tomografía axial. Con estas inclinaciones será posible visualizar tangencialmente la superficie articular del radio distal, y así determinar la posición relativa de los tornillos de fijación respecto a esta superficie. Mediante el estudio de un caso, se encontró que la inclinación radial de la superficie articular en su totalidad era de 13° y la palmar de 6° con respecto a una línea perpendicular al eje central del radio. Esto difiere de lo hallado por otros autores que proponen un ángulo radial de 22° a 24° y palmar de 9° a 12°. Por otra parte, para la superficie que articula con el hueso semilunar se encontró una inclinación radial de 7° y una palmar de 10°; en tanto la fosa que está en contacto con el hueso escafoides se inclina radialmente 21° y palmarmente 8°, en el caso analizado.

INTRODUÇÃO: Prurido urêmico é comum entre pacientes em diálise. Tratamentos eficazes não estão disponíveis até o momento. Provas recentes com anti-histamínicos e gabapentina indicam vários efeitos. OBJETIVO: Comparar a eficiência e os efeitos colaterais da gabapentina e da desloratadina em pacientes com prurido na diálise. MÉTODOS: Estudo prospectivo, aberto e comparativo com 22 pacientes em hemodiálise crônica com prurido constante durante um período de pelo menos 60 dias. Após uma semana, submetemos os pacientes a três semanas de gabapentina 300 mg, três vezes por semana, ou desloratadina 5 mg três vezes por semana. Após um período de eliminação de uma semana, os pacientes trocaram de regime por mais três semanas. O objetivo primário do estudo foi a mudança na escala visual analógica (EVA) de prurido. RESULTADOS: Dezenove indivíduos completaram os dois tratamentos e foram submetidos à análise. Os escores da EVA caíram com ambos os tratamentos (5,95 para 4,6 com gabapentina, p = 0,07; 5,89 para 3,4 com desloratadina, p = 0,004), mas somente a desloratadina teve significância estatística. Nenhuma diferença foi observada ao comparar o escore final do prurido com gabapentina e desloratadina (4,6 versus 3,4, p = 0,16). Excesso de sedação foi comum com gabapentina. A desloratadina teve alto nível de tolerância. CONCLUSÃO: A desloratadina dá alívio significante do prurido urêmico quando comparada a nenhum tratamento. A gabapentina tem eficiência marginal. A desloratadina tem maior nível de tolerância em relação à gabapentina.

INTRODUCTION: Uremic pruritus is common among dialysis patients. Effective treatments are not readily available. Early evidence with antihistamines and gabapentin indicate variable effects. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy and side effects of gabapentin and desloratadine in patients with dialysis pruritus. METHODS: Prospective, open-label, cross-over clinical trial in 22 patients on chronic hemodialysis with sustained pruritus over a period of at least 60 days. After a one-week run-in period, we assigned patients to three weeks of either gabapentin 300 mg thrice weekly or desloratadine 5 mg thrice weekly. After a one-week washout period, each patient crossed-over to the alternate regimen for three more weeks. The primary endpoint of the study was the change in the visual analogue pruritus score (VAS). RESULTS: Nineteen subjects completed the two treatment blocks and were available for analysis. VAS scores decreased with both treatments (5.95 to 4.6 with gabapentin, p = 0.07; 5.89 to 3.4 with desloratadine, p = 0.004), but only desloratadine reached statistical significance. There were no differences when comparing the final pruritus score with gabapentin and desloratadine (4.6 versus 3.4, p = 0.16) Excessive sedation was common with gabapentin. Desloratadine was well tolerated. CONCLUSION: Desloratadine provides significant relief of uremic pruritus compared with no therapy. gabapentin has marginal efficacy. Desloratadine is better tolerated than gabapentin.

No presente trabalho se procedeu à comparação de agentes microencapsulantes, material de parede (mp), na microencapsulação de óleo essencial de laranja (material ativo) através da secagem por atomização. Foram preparadas três amostras de emulsões pela adição de óleo essencial de laranja a uma solução aquosa do mp composta de capsul (5,0, 0,0 e 10,0%), goma arábica (5,0, 10,0 e 0,0%) sendo constante para as três amostras maltodextrina (36,0%), água (44,0%) e óleo essencial (10,0%). Foram avaliadas as curvas de secagem das emulsões frente à retenção do óleo essencial de laranja e a tendência de formação de dobras superficiais das partículas e verificou-se a hipótese "menor a tendência de formação de dobras na superfície das microcápsulas maior a retenção de material ativo". A microencapsulação foi obtida pela secagem por atomização, com temperaturas de 220ºC e 110ºC do ar de entrada e de saída da câmara de secagem, respectivamente, e com atomizador rotativo (20.000rpm). A comparação das microcápsulas obtidas a partir das três amostras de emulsões mostrou que aquela preparada com 10,0% de capsul e 0,0% de goma arábica apresentou o maior resultado. O período de taxa constante de secagem desta mistura é curto e com maior retenção de umidade após a secagem. As microcápsulas obtidas apresentaram maior retenção de óleo essencial e dobras superficiais menos pronunciadas decorrentes do menor entumescimento das gotículas durante a secagem.

The present work is an experimental development to study the performance of the encapsulation agents for orange essential oil in a spray drying process. The emulsion to be dried was prepared by adding the oil to an aqueous solution of the wall material. Three different cases were studied having respectively capsul (5.0%, 0.0% and 10.0%) and arabic gum (5.0%, 10.0% and 0.0%) with 36.0% maltodextrin, 44.0% water and 10.0% essential oil. Retention of active material (essential oil) was the key to evaluate drying curves and microcapsules structural surface. The spray drying process used 220ºC and 110ºC for inlet and exit air temperature at the drying chamber, respectively while rotation of atomizer was 20.000 rpm. Best results were for microcapsules obtained from the emulsion with 10.0% capsul and 0.0% arabic gum. The drying at constant rate is short with higher moisture. These microcapsules shoved higher essential oil retention and less folds at surface due to lower drop swelling effect during drying.