RESUMO: Os arbovírus são agentes transmitidos por artrópodes que representam considerável ameaça à saúde pública em todo o mundo, causando doenças em humanos e animais. Neste trabalho foi realizada investigação sorológica para detecção de anticorpos totais contra diferentes tipos de arbovírus em quatis (Nasua nasua) de vida livre do Parque Nacional do Iguaçu (PNI) através do teste de Inibição da Hemaglutinação. Amostras de soro foram testadas utilizando-se antígenos de 33 arbovírus pertencentes aos gêneros Alphavirus, Flavivirus, Orthobunyavirus e Phlebovirus. As análises evidenciaram que 23,6% (17/72) dos quatis apresentaram soropositividade para pelo menos um dos antígenos testados, incluindo reações monotípicas e heterotípicas. Foi detectada soropositividade para Alphavirus (5,9%, 1/17; WEEV), Flavivirus (64,7%, 11/17; YFV, ILHV, SLEV, BSQV, ROCV, VNO, DEN1, DEN2, DEN3, DEN4, NJLV), Phlebovirus (88,2%, 15/17; ICOV, BUJV) e Orthobunyavirus (5,9%, 1/17; ORIV). A presença de anticorpos para esses vírus em quatis do PNI indica uma aparente transmissão silenciosa de arbovírus, incluindo N. nasua como um possível amplificador destes arbovírus na área estudada. Os dados encontrados servem de alerta quanto ao possível risco de estabelecimento de um ciclo de transmissão de arbovírus envolvendo insetos vetores e quatis, ou ainda, outros animais silvestres, consequentemente, podendo incluir o homem nessa cadeia de transmissão.

ABSTRACT: Arboviruses are agents transmitted by arthropods and represent a considerable threat to public health worldwide, causing diseases in humans and animals. A serological investigation was carried out to detect total antibodies against different types of arboviruses in free-living coatis (Nasua nasua) from the Iguaçu National Park (INP) through the Hemagglutination Inhibition test. Serum samples were tested using antigens from 33 arboviruses belonging to the genera Alphavirus, Flavivirus, Orthobunyavirus, and Phlebovirus. The data showed that 23.6% (17/72) of coatis were seropositive for at least one of the tested antigens, including monotypic and heterotypic reactions. Seropositivity was detected for Alphavirus (5.9%, 1/17; WEEV), Flavivirus (64.7%, 11/17; YFV, ILHV, SLEV, BSQV, ROCV, WNV, DENV-1, DENV-2, DENV-3, DENV-4, and NJLV), Phlebovirus (88.2%, 15/17; ICOV and BUJV) and Orthobunyavirus (5.9%, 1/17; ORIV). The presence of antibodies to these viruses in coatis from INP indicated an apparent silent circulation of arbovirus, implying N. nasua to be a possible amplifying host of these arboviruses in the studied area. The data reported also serve as a warning about the possible risk of establishing an arbovirus transmission cycle involving vector arthropods and coatis, or even other wild animals, consequently, including humans in this transmission chain.

Resumo O presente trabalho avaliou o efeito da adubação convencional para o maracujazeiro, adubação orgânica convencional, adubação orgânica enriquecida com biotita xisto, adubação convencional com substituição da fonte potássica e somente adubação química, na nutrição mineral da planta, na produção, nas características físico-químicas e na vida útil dos frutos de P. cincinnata cultivar BRS Sertão Forte, armazenados sob condição ambiente e refrigerada. Determinaram-se os nutrientes minerais do solo e das folhas, o número e a massa total de frutos, o pH, os sólidos solúveis, a acidez titulável, Ratio, a coloração, a textura e a perda de massa. As adubações diferiram quanto à absorção de nutrientes associados à síntese de proteínas (N, S, B, Cu, Mn e Zn), especialmente onde o remineralizador foi aplicado. Os tratamentos sem adubação e o com adubação orgânica enriquecida com remineralizador de solos biotita xisto também influenciaram positivamente nas propriedades físico-químicas de coloração e de textura dos frutos. Os frutos armazenados sob condição refrigerada apresentaram os melhores resultados de conservação de suas características qualitativas. Nas condições do presente trabalho, pode-se afirmar que a vida útil pós-colheita dos frutos de P. cincinnata armazenados sob refrigeração a 10ºC, é de, no mínimo, 60 dias. Em condição ambiente, este período é de, no máximo, 30 dias.

Abstract The present study aimed to evaluate the physicochemical characteristics and shelf life of P. cincinnata BRS Sertão Forte fruits produced with conventional fertilization recommended for passion fruit, conventional organic fertilization, organic fertilization enriched with biotite schist, conventional fertilization with replacement of the potassium source and chemical fertilization only and the mineral nutrition of plants stored under ambient and refrigerated conditions. Analyses of pH, soluble solids, titratable acidity, ratio, color, texture and mass loss were performed. Fertilizers differed in terms of nutrient absorption associated with protein synthesis (N, S, B, Cu, Mn, Zn), especially where soil remineralizer was applied. Treatments without fertilization and that with organic fertilization enriched with biotite schist soil remineralizer also positively influenced fruit physicochemical properties such as color and texture. Fruits stored under refrigeration conditions showed the best results for the conservation of their qualitative characteristics. Under the conditions of the present study, it could be concluded that the postharvest life of P. cincinnata fruits stored under refrigeration at 100C is at least 60 days. This period is 30 days under ambient conditions.

Resumo O objetivo deste trabalho foi determinar a solubilidade do pó da rocha biotita xisto por diferentes métodos, bem como a potencial toxicidade/acumulação dos seus metais no peixe dulciaquícola D anio re r io. A solubilidade foi testada em água ultrapura e em solução de CaCl2 (10 mmol L-1). Analisou-se a presença de metais por espectrometria de emissão óptica por plasma acoplado indutivamente. Os peixes foram separados em diferentes grupos e expostos ao pó da biotita xisto. A solubilidade dos elementos tóxicos na água não é letal, e, 30 dias após o término da exposição, não há acumulação de metais nos peixes.

Abstract The objective of this work was to determine the solubility of biotite schist rock powder by different methods, as well as the potential toxicity/accumulation of its metals in Danio rerio freshwater fish. Solubility was tested in ultrapure water and in CaCl2 solution (10 mmol L-1). Metal contents were analyzed by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy. Fish were separated into different groups and then exposed to biotite schist powder. The solubility of toxic elements in water is not lethal, and, 30 days after the end of exposure, there is no accumulation of metals in the fish.

Resumo O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a disponibilidade de nutrientes para milho (Zea mays) cultivado sucessivamente em amostras das rochas puras e moídas biotita xisto e biotita sienito. Os pós das rochas foram submetidos à caracterização química, física e mineralógica, e a disponibilidade dos elementos liberados para as plantas foi determinada. Os materiais de planta e rocha foram avaliados no final de sete ciclos sucessivos de cultivo. A biotita xisto e a biotita sienito forneceram nutrientes – como K, Ca, Mg, Fe e Mn – para as plantas de milho. Os nutrientes acumulados no tecido das plantas vieram de minerais contendo Fe e Mn oxidáveis em sua estrutura, tais como biotita, chlorita e clinopiroxênio. A dissolução congruente de algumas partículas finas dos minerais, solubiliza elementos que podem, então, ser disponibilizados para as plantas.

Abstract The objective of this work was to evaluate the nutrient availability for corn (Zea mays) grown successively in pure and ground biotite schist and biotite syenite rock samples. The rock powders were subjected to chemical, physical, and mineralogical characterization, and the availability of the elements released to the plants was determined. Plant and rock materials were evaluated at the end of seven successive growth cycles. Biotite schist and biotite syenite provided nutrients – as K, Ca, Mg, Fe, and Mn – to the corn plants. The nutrients accumulated in plant tissues came mostly from minerals containing oxidizable Fe and Mn in their structure, such as biotite, chlorite, and clinopyroxene. The congruent dissolution of some of the fine particles of these minerals, solubilize elements, which may, then, be available to the plants.

ABSTRACT Alternatives to enhance the consensual low phosphorus (P) use efficiency of agriculture may include use of phosphate rock (PR) and plant species with unequal ability to get soil and rock P interplanted in cropping systems to allow plants with higher ability to facilitate access to P of plants with lower ability. This study investigated (i) the maize and three soil cover crops on their capacity to acquire P from PR and (ii) measured P acquisition of maize interplanted with the soil cover crop with the highest capacity to acquire P shown in (i). Experiments were carried out in a greenhouse, with plants grown in single and mixed cropping in pots containing a sandy, low–P soil amended with Monocalcium Phosphate (McP) or the Brazilian PR Itafós. Plant biomass production with PR, in relation to McP, was 83.7 % for buckwheat, 83.6 % for forage radish, 51.8 % for maize, and 0.3 % for pigeon pea. Buckwheat showed capacity of acquiring P from PR; nevertheless, it did not increase growth or P nutrition of maize interplanted in the soil amended with PR, showing no significant P facilitation. The soil amended with McP showed competition between the two plants in the pots. Maize had a greater growth in mixed than in single cropping and this occurred at the expenses of buckwheat. Despite the P mobilization potential of buckwheat, its simple interplanting with maize did not produce positive results.

RESUMO O intemperismo de alguns minerais silicáticos em rochas moídas pode ocorrer em alguns dias de cultivo e gerar diferentes propriedades físico-químicas, com benefícios potenciais a solos tropicais. Objetivou-se investigar a infuência da rizosfera do milho (Zea mays L.) nos produtos do intemperismo e na capacidade de troca de cátions da biotita-Mg da biotita xisto e biotita-Fe da biotita sienito. Um experimento em vasos foi conduzido de forma que plantas e rochas moídas foram avaliadas por sete ciclos de cultivo sucessivos. Os nutrientes ferro e potássio foram adquiridos da biotita xisto e da biotita sienito durante o cultivo. O intemperismo das biotitas promovido pela rizosfera causou mudanças mineralógicas. A mudança mais expressiva nos padrões da difração de raios-X ocorreu na fração com partículas < 53 µm, mas as frações 53-300 µm também mudaram. A alteração na biotita-Mg, que possui menor relação Fe/Mg nos sítios octaedrais que a biotita-Fe, foi responsável pelo maior aumento na capacidade de troca de cátions nas frações < 300 µm. Entretanto, o processo de intemperismo da biotita-Fe, a qual apresenta alta relação Fe/Mg nos sítios octaedrais, não aumentou a capacidade de troca de cátions.

ABSTRACT The weathering of some silicate minerals in crushed rocks may occur in a few days of cropping and generate different physicochemical properties, with potential benefits to tropical soils. This study aimed to investigate the infuence of maize (Zea mays L.) rhizosphere on the weathering products and on the cation exchange capacity of Mg-biotite from biotite schist and Fe-biotite from biotite syenite. An experiment was carried out in pots, so that plants and crushed rock materials could be evaluated during seven successive growth cycles. The nutrients iron and potassium were taken up from biotite schist and biotite syenite during cropping. The weathering of both biotites promoted by the rhizosphere caused mineralogical changes. The most expressive change in the X-ray diffraction patterns occurred in the < 53 µm particle size fraction; however, the 53-300 µm fractions also changed. The alteration in the Mg-biotite, which has a lower Fe/Mg relation in octahedral sites than the Fe-biotite, was responsible for the most expressive cation exchange capacity increase in the fractions < 300 µm. However, the Fe-biotite weathering process, which presents a higher Fe/Mg relation in octahedral sites, did not increase the cation exchange capacity.

Resumo: O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar os efeitos adversos potenciais de agrominerais sobre o comportamento de fuga de minhocas e colêmbolos, bem como a sobrevivência e a reprodução de enquitreídeos, em testes ecotoxicológicos com solos artificial e natural. Os testes foram realizados seguindo normas internacionais (ISO 17512-2/2011, ISO 11267/1999 e NBR ISO 16387/2012), com algumas adaptações, para avaliar o efeito de pós de duas rochas silicáticas, biotita xisto e fonolito, nas concentrações de 0, 0,1, 1,0, 10 e 100%, em solos artificial e naturais (Neossolo e Latossolo). Foram avaliados o comportamento de fuga da minhoca Eisenia andrei e do colêmbola Folsomia candida, além da sobrevivência e da reprodução do enquitreídeo Enchytraeus sp. Biotita xisto e fonolito afetaram negativamente o comportamento das minhocas quando aplicados no solo, em concentrações iguais ou superiores a 1,0%. O efeito observado foi associado à maior presença de sais, principalmente no fonolito, e a mudanças na textura do solo quando concentrações maiores foram usadas. Efeitos negativos em colêmbolos e enquitreídeos foram verificados em concentrações de 10% ou com pós de rocha puros. Doses agronômicas com concentrações menores que 1,0% de pós de rocha (aproximadamente 20 Mg ha-1) não causam comportamento de fuga ou redução na sobrevivência e na reprodução de invertebrados no solo.

Abstract: The objective of this work was to evaluate the possible adverse effects of rock dusts on the avoidance behavior of earthworms and collembolans, as well as on the survival and reproduction of enchytraeids, in ecotoxicological tests using artificial and natural soils. The tests were performed following international guidelines (ISO 17512-2/2011, ISO 11267/1999, and NBR ISO 16387/2012), with some adaptations, in order to evaluate the effect of dusts from two silicate rocks, biotite schist and phonolite, at the concentrations of 0, 0.1, 1.0, 10, and 100%, in artificial and natural (Arenosol and Ferralsol) soils. The avoidance behavior of the earthworm Eisenia andrei and the collembolan Folsomia candida was evaluated, as well as the survival and reproduction of the enchytraeid Enchytraeus sp. Biotite schist and phonolite affected negatively earthworms when applied to the soil at concentrations equal to or higher than 1.0%. The observed effect was associated to the greater presence of salts, especially in the phonolite, and to changes in soil texture when higher concentrations were used. Negative effects on collembolans and enchytraeids were verified at concentrations of 10% or using pure rock dusts. Agronomic rates smaller than 1.0% (approximately 20 Mg ha-1) rock dusts do not cause avoidance behavior or reduction in the survival and reproduction of invertebrates in the soil.

Resumo: O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o desempenho dos agrominerais termopotássio e termofosfato, como fontes de P e K, em consórcio de pastagem orgânica de Urochloa brizantha 'Marandu' + Stylosanthes spp. no Cerrado brasileiro. O manejo orgânico foi comparado ao convencional com uso de fertilizantes químicos, durante três anos, em dois experimentos adjacentes, um com e outro sem cultivo prévio de adubo verde (Crotalaria juncea). Os tratamentos de manejo foram: convencional, com aplicação de 200 kg ha-1 de cloreto de potássio, 260 kg ha-1 de superfosfato triplo e 217 kg ha-1 de ureia; orgânico, com aplicação de 1,0 Mg ha-1 termopotássio, 2,0 Mg ha-1 termofosfato e 7,0 Mg ha-1 cama de frango; e controle, sem adubação. Foram avaliadas fertilidade do solo, produção de matéria seca e contribuição da leguminosa na pastagem. O experimento com adubação verde proporcionou aumento significativo nos teores de P e K extraíveis do solo e na produtividade da pastagem. No tratamento orgânico, devido à liberação lenta dos nutrientes dos agrominerais, são observados efeitos de longo prazo nos teores extraíveis de P e K do solo.

Abstract: The objective of this work was to evaluate the performance of the thermopotassium and thermophosphate agrominerals, as sources of P and K, in an organic pasture consortium of 'Marandu' Urochloa brizantha + Stylosanthes spp. in the Brazilian Cerrado. The organic management was compared with conventional farming using chemical fertilizers, during three years, in two adjacent experiments, one with and the other without previous growth of green manure (Crotalaria juncea). The management treatments were: conventional, with the application of 200 kg ha-1 potassium chloride, 260 kg ha-1 triple superphosphate, and 217 kg ha-1 urea; organic, with the application of 1.0 Mg ha-1 thermophosphate, 2.0 Mg ha-1 termopotassium, and 7.0 Mg ha-1 chicken manure; and control, without fertilizers. Soil fertility, dry mass production, and legume content in the pasture were evaluated. The experiment with green manure resulted in a significant increase in the soil-extractable contents of P and K and in pasture productivity. In the organic treatment, due to the slow release of agromineral nutrients, long-term effects are observed on the soil-extractable contents of P and K.

Resumo: O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a influência do remineralizador de solo finos de mica xisto (FMS) na fisiologia, na produtividade e na qualidade de grãos de soja (Glycine max) em diferentes regimes hídricos (RHs), no Cerrado brasileiro. O experimento foi conduzido em condições de campo durante dois anos, tendo-se utilizado quatro RHs e três tratamentos: mica xisto, adubação convencional e controle. Em 2017 e 2018, foram avaliados os seguintes RHs: RH1, RH2, RH3 e RH4, que correspondiam ao valor médio de 100, 65, 44 e 28% da reposição da evapotranspiração da cultura, respectivamente. A fotossíntese, a condutância estomática, a transpiração, a concentração interna de CO2, o rendimento quântico efetivo do fotossistema II (FSII) (Fv’/Fm’), o rendimento quântico (FSII) (ᶲFSII) e a taxa de transporte de elétrons reduziram em função do avanço da fase fenológica da soja e da redução do RH. A qualidade dos grãos foi afetada apenas pelo RH. O mica xisto foi estatisticamente semelhante à adubação convencional e ao controle em 2017 e 2018. A produtividade reduziu devido à antecipação da idade fenológica da soja e do RH, mas não houve diferenças entre os três tratamentos em 2017 e 2018. A redução da produtividade da soja é atribuída ao fechamento estomático, à perda da capacidade fotoprotetora e aos danos ao maquinário fotossintético causados pela seca.

Abstract: The objective of this work was to evaluate the influence of the soil remineralizer fine-graded mica schist (FMS) on soybean (Glycine max) physiology, yield, and grain quality under different water regimes (WRs) in the Brazilian Cerrado. The experiment was conducted under field conditions for two years, using four WRs and three treatments: mica schist, conventional fertilization, and control. In 2017 and 2018, the following WRs were evaluated: WR1, WR2, WR3, and WR4, corresponding to a mean value of 100, 65, 44, and 28% of crop evapotranspiration replacement, respectively. Photosynthesis, stomatal conductance, transpiration, internal CO2 concentration, effective quantum yield of photosystem II (PSII) (Fv’/Fm’), quantum yield (PSII) (ᶲFSII), and electron transport rate reduced as a function of the advanced phenological stage of soybean and the reduction in WR. Grain quality was only affected by the WR. The mica schist was statistically similar to conventional fertilization and the control in 2017 and 2018. Yield decreased due to the anticipation of soybean phenological age and WR, but there were no differences between the three treatments in 2017 and 2018. The reduction in soybean yield is attributed to stomatal closure, loss of photoprotective capacity, and damage to the photosynthetic machinery caused by drought.

RESUMO No Cerrado, a maior parte dos solos possui baixa fertilidade natural. Para superar esta limitação, os agricultores empregam grandes quantidades de fertilizantes solúveis, gerando impactos ambientais. Objetivou-se avaliar a utilização de biotita sienito finamente moída (0, 600, 1.200, 1.800 e 2.400 kg ha-1) como fonte alternativa de nutrientes e cargas elétricas em Latossolo intemperizado do Cerrado. Adicionalmente, o desenvolvimento e nutrição de plantas de milho foram avaliados. Os valores de Ca + Mg, T, t, Zn, Cu, Fe e Mn no solo não foram afetados pela adição da biotita sienito, mas houve aumento no P e K disponíveis e nas cargas permanentes. A biotita não elevou os teores de P, Ca e Cu nas folhas do milho, mas aumentou os teores de N e K. Aumentos de 103, 125 e 128 % também foram detectados, respectivamente, na altura da planta, diâmetro do caule e matéria seca das folhas. A biotita sienito foi capaz de aumentar o P, K e as cargas permanentes do solo, bem como a absorção de N e K pelo milho, auxiliando no crescimento da planta.

ABSTRACT In the Brazilian Savanna, most of the soils have a low natural fertility. In order to overcome this limitation, farmers use large amounts of soluble fertilizers, causing environmental impacts. In the present study, finely ground biotite syenite (0; 600; 1,200; 1,800; and 2,400 kg ha-1) was evaluated as an alternative source of nutrients and electrical charges in a weathered Ferralsol from the Brazilian Savanna. Additionally, the development and nutrition of maize plants were analyzed. The values of Ca + Mg, T, t, Zn, Cu, Fe and Mn in the soil were not affected by the addition of biotite syenite, but the available P and K and the permanent charges were increased. The biotite did not increase the contents of P, Ca and Cu in the maize leaves, but it increased the contents of N and K. Increases of 103, 125 and 128 % were also detected, respectively, for plant height, stem diameter and leaf dry matter. The biotite syenite was able to increase the soil P, K and permanent charges, as well as the maize uptake of N and K, thus helping in the plant growth.

SUMMARY: The exercise could play a central role to the fat management and glucose metabolism what can be a critical role in the health status of diabetic people, but the high intense exercise remains with controversial data about their effects. To identify the effect of the multimodal high-intensity interval training on body composition, lipid profile, and glucose metabolism in elderly diabetics. Methods: Elderly diabetic individuals (n = 48) were randomly divided in a Sedentary Control (SC) group, a Moderate-Intensity Continuous Training (MICT) group, and a High-Intensity Interval Training (HIIT) group. MICT and HITT were conducted over 60 days, 3x per week, with 40 minutes of exercise. Blood was collected prior to intervention, at four, and at eight weeks subsequently to assess glucose metabolism and lipid profiles. Body composition was determined before and after the intervention period. To verify the normality Kolmogorov-Smirnov statistical test was performed, followed by student "t" test or two-way ANOVA with Bonferroni’s post hoc test with significance of 5 % the Cohen’s f test to indicate the magnitude of the differences. HIIT significantly lowered cholesterol and triglyceride levels, and significantly lowered blood glucose and glycosylated haemoglobin levels (p<0.05). MICT and HIIT significantly increased levels of high-density lipoprotein, decreased total body mass and body mass index. HIIT resulted in significantly smaller waist circumferences, waist-to-hip ratios, and weight-to-height ratios over 60 days of training. HIIT is more effective than MICT for improving lipid and glycaemic profiles, decreasing body fat, and improving fat distribution elderly diabetics.

RESUMEN: El ejercicio podría desempeñar un papel central en el manejo de la grasa y el metabolismo de la glucosa, lo que puede ser un papel crítico en el estado de salud de las personas diabéticas, pero el ejercicio intenso intenso sigue teniendo datos controvertidos sobre sus efectos. El objetivo del estudio fue identificar el efecto del entrenamiento multimodal de intervalos de alta intensidad sobre la composición corporal, el perfil lipídico y el metabolismo de la glucosa en diabéticos de edad avanzada. Los individuos diabéticos de edad avanzada (n = 48) se dividieron aleatoriamente en un grupo de control sedentario (SC), un grupo de entrenamiento continuo de intensidad moderada (MICT) y un grupo de entrenamiento de intervalos de alta intensidad (HIIT). MICT y HITT se realizaron durante 60 días, 3 veces por semana, con 40 minutos de ejercicio. Se recogió sangre antes de la intervención, a las cuatro y a las ocho semanas posteriormente para evaluar el metabolismo de la glucosa y los perfiles de lípidos. La composición corporal se determinó antes y después del período de intervención. Para verificar la normalidad se realizó la prueba estadística de Kolmogorov-Smirnov, seguida de la prueba "t" de Student o ANOVA de dos vías con la prueba post hoc de Bonferroni con una significancia del 5 % de la prueba f de Cohen, indicando las diferencias. HIIT redujo significativamente los niveles de colesterol y triglicéridos, además de reducir de manera importante los niveles de glucosa en la sangre y la hemoglobina glicosilada (p <0.05). MICT y HIIT aumentaron significativamente los niveles de lipoproteína de alta densidad, disminuyeron la masa corporal total y el índice de masa corporal. HIIT resultó en circunferencias de cintura significativamente más pequeñas, relaciones cintura-cadera y relaciones peso-altura durante 60 días de entrenamiento. HIIT es más efectivo que MICT para mejorar los perfiles de lípidos y glucémicos, disminuir la grasa corporal y mejorar la distribución de grasa en los diabéticos de edad avanzada.

Resumo: O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a solubilidade dos micronutrientes cobre, níquel e zinco, extraídos quimicamente de agrominerais silicáticos, como fonte alternativa de potássio para as culturas de alface (Lactuca sativa) e arroz (Oryza sativa), bem como sua disponibilidade para as plantas. Avaliaram-se os teores de micronutrientes de cinco agrominerais (ultramáfica alcalina, biotita xisto, brecha vulcânica, flogopita xisto e subproduto de mineração de Chapada), após extração pelos métodos ácido cítrico, ácido clorídrico, ácido dietilenotriamino penta-acético, 3051A, citrato neutro de amônio e Mehlich 3. Os agrominerais, nas doses de 0 (controle), 200, 400 e 600 kg ha-1 de K, foram misturados em solo com cultivo de alface e arroz. Os agrominerais apresentaram baixa solubilidade de Ni, Cu e Zn, com menores teores em folhas de alface e grãos de arroz que o padrão solúvel correspondente na forma de sulfato. A disponibilidade de micronutrientes para as plantas aumentou com uso dos agrominerais, em comparação ao controle. Foram observadas similaridades na solubilidade e na disponibilidade de micronutrientes entre os diferentes grupos de agrominerais. A solubilidade e a disponibilidade de Cu, Ni e Zn dependem da solubilidade dos minerais que compõem os agrominerais.

Abstract: The objective of this work was to evaluate the solubility of the micronutrients copper, nickel, and zinc, chemically extracted from silicate agrominerals, as alternative sources of potassium for lettuce (Lactuca sativa) and rice (Oryza sativa) cultures, as well as their availability to the plants. The micronutrient contents of five agrominerals (alkaline ultramafic, biotite schist, volcanic breccia, phlogopite schist, and mining by-product from Chapada) were evaluated, after being extracted by the citric acid, hydrochloric acid, diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid, 3051A, neutral ammonium citrate, and Mehlich-3 methods. The agrominerals, at the doses of 0 (control), 200, 400, and 600 kg ha-1 K, were mixed to soil where lettuce and rice were cultivated. The agrominerals presented a low solubility of Ni, Cu, and Zn, with lower contents in lettuce shoots and rice grains than the corresponding soluble standards in sulfate form. The availability of micronutrients to the plants increased with the use of agrominerals, in comparison with the control. Similarities were observed in micronutrient solubility and availability between the different groups of agrominerals. The solubility and availability of Cu, Ni, and Zn depend on the solubility of the minerals that compose the agrominerals.

ABSTRACT Although the physical environment of the Atlantic Forest realm is well known, studies on the soil-landform relationships are fundamental to improve the management of soil resources to facilitate sustainable development. The purpose of this study was to evaluate a representative topossequence on the “Mares de Morros” landscape of deeply weathered regolith on leucocratic granite rocks and demi-orange convex slopes. The soils varied along the topossequence according to drainage and were classified as Acrudox, Pseudogleysol, and Epiaquent. The clay fraction was composed by kaolinite, in association with gibbsite, goethite, hematite, and traces of vermiculite and hydroxy-Al interlayered vermiculite (HIV). The kaolinite crystallinity index obtained by different methods showed high structural disorder throughout the sequence, indicating that long-term pre-weathering has produced a homogenous regolith with little differences in terms of mineralogy, despite the changes in drainage. On the other hand, micromorphological features showed a complete change from the typical, well-developed microaggregate structure of upland, well-drained soils, to a massive, poorly developed structure downslope, consistent with the morphological description. Changes in microstructure development and micropedological features occurred both vertically and laterally along the topossequence and indicate that mineralogy alone cannot account for the microaggregate structure of kaolinitic Latossolos (Oxisols) well-drained with low Fe contents. Soils from the “Mares de Morros” landscape of the Alegre river basin on leucocratic granitic rocks highlight an inheritance of a deep pre-weathered regolith, showing subtle chemical and mineralogical changes, but marked morphological and physical differences along the topossequence, basically controlled by soil drainage in the past or present.

RESUMO O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a dinâmica da cobertura da terra no território do Distrito Federal dentro do domínio de suas unidades de relevo. O trabalho foi dividido em três etapas: i) mapeamento multitemporal da cobertura da terra, foi utilizado um método de classificação semi-automatizado com dados dos sensores TM e OLI a bordo dos satélites Landsat 5 e 8, respectivamente, entre os anos de 1985 e 2015; ii) mapeamento das unidades de relevo, foi utilizado um método de classificação por digitalização em tela a partir de um MDE da SRTM; iii) relação relevo-cobertura, quantificação dos dados de cobertura em função das unidades de relevo a fim de identificar seus padrões de distribuição. Identificou-se a presença de dois grandes ambientes com padrões de distribuição da cobertura distintos. O primeiro, composto por Chapadas e Rampas de Colúvio, apresentou padrões de cobertura vinculadas a múltiplos usos, principalmente pelo desenvolvimento urbano e agropecuário. O segundo, composto por Ambiente Colinoso e Vale, apresentou maior preservação da cobertura vegetal natural. A identificação desses ambientes é importante para a definição de limites ambientais que auxiliem na gestão dos recursos naturais e no ordenamento territorial.

ABSTRACT This work aimed to evaluate the land cover dynamic of the Federal District territory within geomorphological domains. There were followed three steps: i) mapping of relief units, an on-screen scanning classification method was used from SRTM project data; ii) Multitemporal mapping of land cover, a semi-automated classification method was used with TM and OLI sensors on board the Landsat 5 and 8 satellites, between 1985 and 2015; iii) relief-land cover relationship, quantification of the coverage data within geomorphological units. The Chapada and Rampa de Colúvio have presented land cover patterns associated to multiple uses, mainly for urban and agricultural development. The Ambiente Colinoso and Vale, have evidenced higher natural vegetation cover. The results evidenced that the land cover dynamics in the Federal District have been conditionate by the geomorphological domains. This conclusion should be used to subsidize public policies to the implementation of functional territorial planning and natural resources management.

Abstract Introduction: Despite the high rate of tuberculosis indicators in Brazil, the Federal District shows a low prevalence of the disease. Objective: To analyze the relationship between climatic factors and air quality with tuberculosis in the Brazilian Federal District. Methodology: This was an ecological and descriptive study comparing 3927 new cases of Tuberculosis registered at the Federal District Tuberculosis Control Program with data from the National Institute of Meteorology, Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics, Brazilian Agricultural Research Institute, Brasilia Environmental Institute, and the Federal District Planning Company. Results: From 2003 to 2012, there has been a higher incidence of Tuberculosis (27.0%) in male patients in the winter (27.2%). Patients under 15 years of age (28.6%) and older than 64 years (27.1%) were more affected in the fall. For youth and adults (15-64 years), the highest number of cases was reported during winter (44.3%). The disease was prevalent with ultraviolet radiation over 17 MJ/m2 (67.8%; p = <0.001); relative humidity between 31.0% and 69.0% (95.8% of cases; p = <0.00); 12 h of daily sunlight or more (40.6%; p = 0.001); and temperatures between 20 °C and 23 °C (72.4%; p = <0.001). In the city of Taguatinga and surrounding area, pollution levels dropped to 15.2% between 2003 and 2012. Smoke levels decreased to 31.9%. In the Sobradinho region, particulate matter dropped to 13.1% and smoke to 19.3%, coinciding with the reduction of Tuberculosis incidence rates during the same period. Conclusion: The results should guide surveillance actions for Tuberculosis control and elimination and indicate the need to expand observation time to new climate indicators and air quality.