Abstract Zoonotic spillover is a phenomenon characterized by the transfer of pathogens between different animal species. Most human emerging infectious diseases originate from non-human animals, and human-related environmental disturbances are the driving forces of the emergence of new human pathogens. Synthesizing the sequence of basic events involved in the emergence of new human pathogens is important for guiding the understanding, identification, and description of key aspects of human activities that can be changed to prevent new outbreaks, epidemics, and pandemics. This review synthesizes the connections between environmental disturbances and increased risk of spillover events based on the One Health perspective. Anthropogenic disturbances in the environment (e.g., deforestation, habitat fragmentation, biodiversity loss, wildlife exploitation) lead to changes in ecological niches, reduction of the dilution effect, increased contact between humans and other animals, changes in the incidence and load of pathogens in animal populations, and alterations in the abiotic factors of landscapes. These phenomena can increase the risk of spillover events and, potentially, facilitate new infectious disease outbreaks. Using Brazil as a study model, this review brings a discussion concerning anthropogenic activities in the Amazon region and their potential impacts on spillover risk and spread of emerging diseases in this region.

ABSTRACT This study aimed to define management zones (MZs) for fertirrigated açaí cultivation, based on spatial variability of the foliar nutrients and productivity data. The work was carried out in an area of 5.75 ha of a 7-year crop, with 80 georeferenced sample points. Fresh fruit productivity and nutrient (N, P, K, Ca, Mg, S, B, Cu, Fe, Mn, and Zn) contents were determined. The average contents of macronutrients were considered adequate for adult açaí plants, and their spatial dependence associated with fruit productivity allowed the representation of their distributions through maps of variability. Through multivariate analysis, three main components were highlighted. These components explained 51.5 % of the total variability of the data, where PC1 showed a higher correlation with Ca, Mg, K, and P. In addition, three MZs were obtained, out of which one with the highest productivity showed the best Ca, Mg, S, B, and Fe leaf contents. Principal component analysis and determination of MZs emphasized Ca and Mg nutrition as being more related to spatial variability and açaí fruit productivity.

RESUMO Objetivos: Caracterizar a produção científica e identificar as alterações da deglutição em indivíduos com câncer de orofaringe submetidos à terapia conservadora. Métodos: Realizou-se uma busca em cinco base de dados eletrônicas [Scientific Electronic Library Online (Scielo), Literatura Latino-Americana e do Caribe em Ciências da Saúde (LILACS), US National Library of Medicine National Institutes of Health (PubMed), Web of Science e Scopus], além da busca da literatura cinzenta nas bases de dados (OpenThesis e OpenGrey), evitando viés de seleção e publicação. Foram considerados elegíveis estudos longitudinais prospectivos sobre o tema: alterações de deglutição em indivíduos com câncer de orofaringe submetidos à terapia conservadora. O risco de viés e a qualidade metodológica individual dos estudos selecionados foram avaliados pela ferramenta de avaliação crítica do Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) para uso de suas revisões sistemáticas, estudos prospectivos e longitudinais. Resultados: A busca resultou em 899 registros e, após análise, quatro deles atenderam aos critérios de elegibilidade. Entre os estudos incluídos, todos os indivíduos apresentaram algum tipo de alteração de deglutição; os mais frequentes foram: força e retração da base da língua reduzidas, atraso no disparo da deglutição, elevação laríngea reduzida, presença de resíduo em língua e palato, em região faríngea, valéculas e parede posterior da faringe, bem como no interior dos vestíbulos e em seios piriformes. Conclusão: Esta revisão sistemática sugere que as terapias conservadoras produzem distúrbios de deglutição ou intensificam os já existentes, independentemente do tipo e da intensidade de radiação, bem como do estadiamento do tumor. Há, no entanto, pouca padronização nas metodologias das pesquisas, dificultando um estudo de metanálise.

ABSTRACT Objectives: To characterize scientific production and identify deglutition changes in individuals with oropharyngeal cancer subjected to conservative therapy. Methods: The search was applied to five electronic database [Scientific Electronic Library Online (Scielo), Literatura Latino-Americana e do Caribe em Ciências da Saúde (LILACS), US National Library of Medicine National Institutes of Health (PubMed), Web of Science, and Scopus], besides the search of grey literature in the databases (OpenThesis e OpenGrey), avoiding selection and publication bias. Prospective longitudinal studies concerning the theme: deglutition disorders in individuals with oropharyngeal cancer subjected to conservative therapy were considered eligible. The risk of bias and the evaluation of individual methodological quality of the selected studies were measured by “The Joanna Briggs Institute Critical Appraisal tools for use in JBI Systematic Reviews” for prospective and longitudinal studies. Results: The search resulted in 899 records and after analysis four of them fulfilled the eligibility criteria. Among the studies included, all individuals presented some type of deglutition changes, the most common were: reduced of strength and retraction of the base of the tongue, delayed deglutition trigger, reduced laryngeal elevation, presence of residues on tongue and palate, in the pharyngeal area, valleculae, and posterior pharyngeal wall, as well as in the vestibules and in pyriform sinuses. Conclusion: The evidence from this systematic review suggests that conservative therapies cause deglutition changes or amplify the pre-existing ones, regardless of the type and magnitude of radiation, as well as tumor staging. However, there is little standardization in the research methodologies, making a meta-analysis study difficult to conduct.

RESUMEN Objetivos: Caracterizar la producción científica e identificar las alteraciones de deglución en personas con cáncer de orofaringe sometidas a tratamiento conservador. Métodos: Se realizó una búsqueda en cinco bases de datos electrónicas [Scientific Electronic Library Online (Scielo), Literatura Latino-Americana e do Caribe em Ciências da Saúde (LILACS), US National Library of Medicine National Institutes of Health (PubMed), Web of Science y Scopus], además de la literatura gris en las bases de datos OpenThesis y OpenGrey, evitando sesgo de selección y publicación. Se consideraron elegibles los estudios longitudinales prospectivos sobre el tema: trastornos de deglución en pacientes con cáncer de orofaringe sometidos a tratamiento conservador. El riesgo de sesgo y la calidad metodológica individual de los estudios seleccionados se evaluaron mediante la herramienta de evaluación crítica del Instituto Joanna Briggs (JBI) para uso de sus revisiones sistemáticas, estudios prospectivos y longitudinales. Resultados: La búsqueda encontró 899 registros y, tras análisis, cuatro de ellos cumplieron los criterios de elegibilidad. Entre los estudios incluidos, todos los pacientes presentaron algún tipo de trastorno de la deglución. Los más frecuentes fueron: fuerza y retracción reducidas de la base de la lengua, retraso en el disparo de la deglución, elevación laríngea reducida, presencia de residuo en lengua y paladar, en región faríngea, valléculas y pared posterior de la faringe, así como en el interior de los vestíbulos y en los senos piriformes. Conclusión: Esta revisión sistemática sugiere que los tratamientos conservadores producen alteraciones de deglución o intensifican aquellas que ya existen, independientemente del tipo y de la intensidad de radiación, así como de la estadificación del tumor. Hay, sin embargo, poca estandarización en las metodologías de investigación, lo que hace difícil un estudio de metanálisis.

Abstract The Commelina erecta L. (C. erecta) also known as erva-de-santa-luzia is reported by local population to have medical properties against some pathological conditions. In this study, two extracts of C. erecta leaves (aqueous and ethanolic) were phytochemically analysed and evaluated for their in-vitro antioxidant activities by DPPH, TBARS, NO assays and cell viability assays. The ultra-high performance liquid chromatography followed by tandem mass spectrometry analysis showed the presence of rutin and caffeic acid in aqueous and ethanolic extract. The total polyphenols in aqueous and ethanolic extracts found were 142.7 ± 3.0 and 123.1 ± 5.8 μg/mL of GAE, respectively. The ethanolic extract (5 mg/mL) inhibits TBARS by 33.8%, and the aqueous extract (5 mg/mL) exhibited scavenger property against nitric oxide derivatives to an extent of 77.8%. In cell culture, both extracts improved cell survivability under H2O2 induced oxidative stress. Thus, C. erecta extract is a good candidate to become a phytotherapic medicine.

RESUMO O carcinoma de células escamosas é uma neoplasia maligna que afeta as estruturas e os tecidos da cavidade oral. Interleucinas (IL) sintetizadas a partir de um tumor modulam uma cascata de reações que poderá influenciar o prognóstico da doença. Objetiva-se investigar na literatura se as interleucinas são mediadores que influenciam negativamente ou positivamente o prognóstico de pacientes com carcinoma de células escamosas intraoral. Um estudo de revisão sistemática foi realizado segundo as instruções do Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA). As bases de dados PubMed (incluindo MedLine), Scopus, Web of Science, SciELO e Latin American and Caribbean Health Sciences (LILACS) foram utilizadas como fontes de estudo primárias; OpenGrey e OpenThesis, utilizadas para pesquisar a "literatura cinzenta". A busca realizada em sete bases de dados gerais resultou em um conjunto de 858 estudos, enquanto a realizada em duas bases de dados para literatura cinza, em 82 estudos, totalizando 940 pesquisas. Destas, 15 foram selecionadas para a presente revisão sistemática (oito estudos apresentaram baixo risco de viés; quatro, moderado risco de viés; e três, alto risco de viés). Apesar de poderem atuar nas vias de resposta imune antitumoral, as IL avaliadas nesta revisão (IL-4, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, IL-12 e IL-13) tendem a apresentar uma resposta associada à intensificação do processo de carcinogênese e ao prognóstico desfavorável em pacientes portadores do carcinoma de células escamosas intraoral.

ABSTRACT Squamous cell carcinoma is a malignant neoplasm that affects the structures and tissues of the oral cavity. Interleukins (IL) synthesized from a tumor modulate a cascade reaction that may influence the prognosis of the disease. We aim to investigate in the literature whether interleukins are mediators that negatively or positively influence the prognosis of patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma. A systematic review study was performed according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyzes (PRISMA) instructions. PubMed (including MedLine), Scopus, Web of Science, SciELO and Latin American and Caribbean Health Sciences (LILACS) databases were used as the primary sources for the study; OpenGrey and OpenThesis were used to search for "gray literature". The search conducted in seven general databases resulted in a set of 858 studies, while the search conducted in two databases for gray literature resulted in 82 studies, totaling 940 studies. From these, 15 studies were selected for this systematic review (eight studies presented low bias risk; four studies presented moderate bias risk; and three studies presented high risk of bias). Although they may act on the anti-tumor immune response pathways, the IL evaluated in the present systematic review (IL-4, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, IL-12 and IL-13) tend to present a response associated with the intensification of carcinogenesis and poor prognosis in patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma.

RESUMEN El carcinoma de células escamosas es una neoplasia maligna que afecta las estructuras y los tejidos de la cavidad oral. Interleucinas (IL) sintetizadas a partir de un tumor modulan una cascada de reacciones que puede influenciar el pronóstico de la enfermedad. Nuestro objetivo es investigar en la literatura si las IL son mediadoras que influyen negativamente o positivamente en el pronóstico de pacientes con carcinoma oral de células escamosas. Un estudio de revisión sistemática fue realizado bajo las instrucciones del Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA). Las bases de datos PubMed (incluyendo MedLine), Scopus, Web of Science, SciELO y Latin American and Caribbean Health Sciences (LILACS) fueron usadas como fuentes primarias de estudio; OpenGrey y OpenThesis, para pesquisar la literatura gris. La búsqueda realizada en siete bases de datos generales resultó en un conjunto de 858 estudios, mientras la búsqueda realizada en dos bases de datos para literatura gris resultó en 82 estudios, totalizando 940 investigaciones. Entre ellas, 15 fueron elegidas para la presente revisión sistemática (ocho estudios presentaron bajo riesgo de sesgo; cuatro, riesgo moderado; tres, riesgo alto). A pesar de poder actuar en vías de respuesta inmune antitumoral, las IL evaluadas en esta revisión (IL-4, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, IL-12, y IL-13) suelen presentar una respuesta asociada a la intensificación del proceso de carcinogénesis y al pronóstico desfavorable en pacientes portadores de carcinoma oral de células escamosas.

ABSTRACT The present study aimed to perform a systematic literature review to determine if there is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) that interferes less within tooth movement. This research was performed according to the PRISMA statement. Articles were searched in eight electronic databases (PubMed, Scopus, Embase, Web of Science, LILACS, SciELO, Google Scholar, and Open Grey). Only experimental studies on male Wistar rats were selected, which included experiments related to the influence of NSAIDs on orthodontic movement. Studies in animals with pathological conditions, literature review articles, letters to the editor and/or editorials, case reports, abstracts, books, and book chapters were excluded. Each of the steps of this systematic literature review was performed by two examiners independently. Results: the total sample consisted of 505 articles, from which 6 studies were eligible after a qualitative analysis. From the drugs assessed, paracetamol was unanimous for not interfering within orthodontic movement when compared to the control group. However, drugs such as aspirin, ibuprofen, sodium diclofenac, and selective cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitors caused a reduction in tooth movement when compared to the control group. Conclusion: paracetamol could be considered the drug of choice for pain relief because it interferes less within tooth movement.

ABSTRACT Hepatic disorders such as steatosis and alcoholic steatohepatitis are common diseases that affect thousands of people around the globe. This study aims to identify the main phenol compounds using a new HPLC-ESI+-MS/MS method, to evaluate some oxidative stress parameters and the hepatoprotective action of green dwarf coconut water, caffeic and ascorbic acids on the liver and serum of rats treated with ethanol. The results showed five polyphenols in the lyophilized coconut water spiked with standards: chlorogenic acid (0.18 µM), caffeic acid (1.1 µM), methyl caffeate (0.03 µM), quercetin (0.08 µM) and ferulic acid (0.02 µM) isomers. In the animals, the activity of the serum γ-glutamyltranspeptidase (γ-GT) was reduced to 1.8 I.U/L in the coconut water group, 3.6 I.U/L in the ascorbic acid group and 2.9 I.U/L in the caffeic acid groups, when compared with the ethanol group (5.1 I.U/L, p<0.05). Still in liver, the DNA analysis demonstrated a decrease of oxidized bases compared to ethanol group of 36.2% and 48.0% for pretreated and post treated coconut water group respectively, 42.5% for the caffeic acid group, and 34.5% for the ascorbic acid group. The ascorbic acid was efficient in inhibiting the thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) in the liver by 16.5% in comparison with the ethanol group. These data indicate that the green dwarf coconut water, caffeic and ascorbic acids have antioxidant, hepatoprotective and reduced DNA damage properties, thus decreasing the oxidative stress induced by ethanol metabolism.

A síndrome de Peutz-Jeghers é uma doença rara que tem como características a pigmentação melânica mucocutânea de lábios, regiões perioral e de mucosa bucal associada à polipose hamartomatosa do trato intestinal, com possibilidade de malignização dos pólipos digestivos e associação com outros tipos de câncer. Relato de Caso: Paciente de 32 anos, de gênero feminino, branca, apresentou um quadro de oclusão intestinal por uma invaginação, evidenciada durante laparotomia exploradora, constatando-se, ainda, a presença de uma tumoração intestinal. O material foi encaminhado para exame anatomopatológico; porém, foi inconclusivo para a natureza da tumoração em decorrência da necrose. Em função do pólipo intestinal, a paciente foi encaminhada ao nosso serviço, quando percebemos a presença de pigmentação melânica característica. Realizamos videocolonoscopia com achado de dois pólipos de reto cujo resultado do exame anatomopatológico foi de pólipo hamartomatoso. A paciente relatou ainda ter nascido com imperfuração anal e possuir irmão que também nascera com a mesma imperfuração e que evoluiu para óbito não esclarecido. Não encontramos relato na literatura de associação da síndrome de Peutz-Jeghers com imperfuração anal e interrogamos se o irmão teria também a síndrome.

The Peutz-Jeghers syndrome is a rare disease characterized by the presence of mucocutaneous melanic pigmentation of the lips, oral mucosa and perioral region, associated with hamartomatous intestinal polyposis. Malignization of the polyps and association with other types of cancer are also usual. Case report: 32-year-old patient, female, white, who had an intestinal occlusion by invagination, discovered during laparotomy, when an intestinal tumor was found as well. The material was sent to anotomopathological analysis. However, the results did not allow to identify the tumor nature due to tumor necrosis. Then, the patient was sent to our service because of the intestinal polyps, and during the interview, the characteristic melanic pigmentation was observed. Videocolonoscopy was performed, with excision of two rectal polyps, identified in the anatomopathological exam as hamartomatous polyps. The patient reported anal imperforation at birth, just like her brother. He had unexplained death. The authors found no correlation of the Peutz-Jeghers syndrome with anal imperforation in the literature and asked the patient if her brother also had the syndrome.

Pênfigo é uma doença bolhosa auto-imune. É uma doença rara, mas potencialmente fatal. Existem quatro variantes clínicas e patológicas: o pênfigo vulgar (PV), o pênfigo vegetante (PVg), o pênfigo foliáceo (PF), o pênfigo eritematoso. Ao exame histo-patológico o achado comum a todos os tipos de pênfigo é a acantólise. Relatamos o caso de um paciente de 43 anos com lesões ano-perineais cujo diagnóstico final foi de pênfigo vegetante, associado à HPV (Papiloma Vírus Humano), com revisão da literatura.

Pemphigus is a bollous auto-immune disease. It's a rare disease, but potentially fatal. There are four clinical and pathological variants: pemphigus vulgaris, pemphigus vegetans, pemphigus foliaceus and pemphigus erythematosus. Through the histopathological exam, the common characteristic to all types of pemphigus is the acantholyse. It's reported a case of a pacient of 43 years old with anal and perineal blesses witch final diagnosis was pemphigus vegetans, associated to HPV (Human Papilloma Virus), with literature review.

A Retocolite Ulcerativa (RCU) é uma doença inflamatória intestinal crônica, que acomete a camada mucosa do intestino grosso, e que pode estar associada a manifestações extra-intestinais, como a colangite esclerosante que pode malignizar para colangiocarcinoma. Relatamos um caso de paciente do gênero masculino, 21 anos, procedente de Poço Redondo-SE, natural de Cubatão-SP, admitido no Hospital Universitário da Universidade Federal de Sergipe em 23 de maio de 2008, com RCU associada à colangite esclerosante e colangiocarcinoma.

The Ulcerative Colitis (UC) is a cronic inflamatory bowel disease, that affects the mucosa of the large bowel and which can be associated with extra-intestinal manifestations, such as slcerosing cholangitis, an illness that could become a cholangicarcinoma. We reported a case of a male patient, 21-year-aged, from Poço Redondo-SE, who was born in Cubatão-SP and admitted in the Hospital Universitário of the Universidade Federal de Sergipe, on may 23 at the year 2008 with UC associated with sclerosing cholangitis and cholangiocarcinoma.

Duas gramíneas forrageiras de inverno, azevém (Lolium multiflorum) e aveia preta (Avena strigosa Schreb), foram cultivadas em sistemas alagados construídos (SACs) utilizados no tratamento das águas residuárias do processamento dos frutos do cafeeiro (ARC) com o objetivo de se avaliar seu desempenho agronômico. Essas forrageiras foram submetidas a diferentes cargas orgânicas (650 a 1.500 kg ha-1 d-1 de DQO), proporcionadas pela aplicação dos efluentes de filtros anaeróbios, utilizados no tratamento da ARC. Como tratamento testemunha, as mesmas espécies vegetais foram cultivadas em solução de Hoagland. A matéria seca produzida pelas forrageiras ao longo dos 53 dias de monitoramento dos SACs variou de 7,4 a 14,0 e 0,5 a 2,7 t ha-1, e os rendimentos acumulados de proteína bruta variaram de 1.017 a 2.187 e 66,6 a 316,8 kg ha-1 para o azevém e a aveia, respectivamente. Os resultados permitiram concluir que, dentre as forrageiras estudadas, o azevém se mostrou mais adequado para ser cultivado em SACs utilizados no pós-tratamento da ARC efluente de filtros anaeróbios, já que apresentou maior rendimento de matéria seca e proteína bruta e, portanto, melhor adaptação ao sistema.

Two winter grasses, ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum) and oats (Avena strigosa Schreb), were grown in constructed wetlands (SACs) used in the treatment of wastewater of coffee processing (ARC) with the aim to evaluate their agronomic performance. These forage crops were submitted to different organic loads (650 to 1500 kg ha-1 d-1 of COD), offered by the application of anaerobic effluent filters, used in the treatment of ARC. As a control treatment, the same plant species were grown in a Hoagland solution. The forage dry matter produced by over 53 days of monitoring SACs ranged from 7.4 to 14.0 and from 0.5 to 2.7 t ha-1, and the crude protein yield ranged from 1017 to 2187 and 66.6 to 316.8 kg ha-1 for ryegrass and oats, respectively. The results showed that, among the forages studied, the ryegrass was more suitable to be grown in SACs used in the post-treatment of ARC anaerobic effluent filters, presenting higher dry matter yield and crude protein, and therefore better adaptation to the system.