As vizinhanças já foram reconhecidamente lugares de intensa socialização e produção cultural, mas parecem ter perdido significado e espaço diante das mudanças nos processos de urbanização e relações sociais. Ainda assim, algumas vizinhanças preservam sua "vida própria". Diante disso, o objetivo deste trabalho foi identificar e caracterizar tais lugares, aqui denominados vizinhanças vivas. A partir de um painel de especialistas, buscamos identificar elementos que caracterizem tais vizinhanças, fatores que favoreçam seu desenvolvimento/manutenção e fatores que dificultem esse processo. As vizinhanças vivas foram caracterizadas em seus aspectos sociais, ambientais e culturais. Relações de socialização, intimidade e cooperação, o uso do espaço próximo e instituições locais, além de símbolos locais, dão vida a esses lugares. São relações facilitadas pela familiaridade, por fatores de enraizamento, pelo contato espacial e por herança cultural. Nesse contexto de vizinhança se destaca a dimensão afetiva, com a geração de sentimentos de coesão e segurança e de apego ao lugar.

Neighborhoods have already been recognized as places of intense socialization and cultural production. However, due to changes in urbanization and social relations processes, they seem to be losing space and meaning. Nevertheless, some neighborhoods maintain their "live form". Thus, the aim of this study was to identify and to characterize such places, here named as "alive" neighborhoods. From a panel of experts , we tried to identify elements which characterize these neighborhoods, factors which enable their development/maintenance, and those that hinder this process. The "alive" neighborhoods were characterized in their social, environmental and cultural aspects. Socialization, intimacy, cooperation, the usage of its space and local institutions, besides specific symbols, bring the mentioned life to these places. These relations are enabled by familiarity, elements of rootedness, spatial contact, and cultural inheritance. In this neighborhood context the affective dimension is important, for it is responsible for feelings of cohesion, security and attachment to the place.

Los vecindarios han sido lugares reconocidos de socialización e intensa producción cultural. Sin embargo, frente a los cambios en los procesos de urbanización y relaciones sociales, es probable que hayan perdido espacio y significado. Así mismo, algunos vecindarios conservan su "vida propia". Así que el objetivo de este trabajo ha sido identificar y caracterizar tales sitios, acá llamados vecindarios vivos. Empezando por un panel de expertos, buscamos identificar elementos que caractericen tales vecindarios, factores que favorecen su desarrollo/manutención, así como factores que hacen difícil ese proceso. Los vecindarios vivos han sido caracterizados en sus aspectos sociales, ambientales y culturales. Relaciones de socialización, intimidad, cooperación, o uso del espacio cercano e instituciones locales, además de símbolos locales dan vida a eses sitios. Son relaciones facilitadas por la familiaridad, por factores de enraizamiento, por lo contacto social, y por la herencia cultural. La dimensión afectiva en ese contexto de vecindario se ha destacado, generando sentimientos de cohesión, seguridad y de apego al sitio.

Praziquantel (PZQ) is effective against all the evolutive phases of Schistosoma mansoni. Infected Biomphalaria glabrata snails have their cercarial shedding interrupted when exposed to PZQ. Using primary in vitro transformed sporocysts, labeled with the probe Hoechst 33258 (indicator of membrane integrity), and lectin of Glycine max (specific for carbohydrate of N-acetylgalactosamine membrane), we evaluated the presence of lysosomes at this evolutive phase of S. mansoni, as well as the influence of PZQ on these acidic organelles and on the tegument of the sporocyst. Although the sporocyst remained alive, it was observed that there was a marked contraction of its musculature, and there occurred a change in the parasite's structure. Also, the acidic vesicles found in the sporocysts showed a larger delimited area after contact of the parasites with PZQ. Damages to the tegument was also observed, as show a well-marked labeling either with Hoechst 33258 or with lectin of Glycine max after contact of sporocysts with the drug. These results could partially explain the interruption/reduction mechanism of cercarial shedding in snails exposed to PZQ.

We have been able to label the excretory system of cercariae and all forms of schistosomula, immature and adult worms with the highly fluorescent dye resorufin. We have shown that the accumulation of the resorufin into the excretory tubules and collecting ducts of the male adult worm depends on the presence of extracellular calcium and phosphate ions. In the adult male worms, praziquantel (PZQ) prevents this accumulation in RPMI medium and disperses resorufin from tubules which have been prelabelled. Female worms and all other developmental stages are much less affected either by the presence of calcium and phosphate ions, or the disruption caused by PZQ. The male can inhibit the excretory system in paired female. Fluorescent PZQ localises in the posterior gut (intestine) region of the male adult worm, but not in the excretory system, except for the anionic carboxy fluorescein derivative of PZQ, which may be excreted by this route. All stages of the parasite can recover from damage by PZQ treatment in vitro. The excretory system is highly sensitive to damage to the surface membrane and may be involved in vesicle movement and damage repair processes. In vivo the adult parasite does not recover from PZQ treatment, but what is inhibiting recovery is unknown, but likely to be related to immune effector molecules.