Abstract The addition of linseed (Linum usitatissimum Linn) in the diet, as a functional food, has increased over the years. However, it possesses cyanogenic glycosides. This study aimed to quantify and compare cyanide concentration in whole seed and bran of brown and golden types to establish a safe limit of intake. Three commercial labels, from brown and golden whole seed types (Ab, Ag, Bb, Bg, Cb and Cg), and six commercial labels of brown and golden bran (1b, 2g, 3g, 4b, 5g, and 6b), were selected, totalizing twelve samples. Total cyanide concentration was quantified by a colorimetric method employing alkaline picrate, after acid hydrolysis. The whole seed cyanide values were between 348.4 and 473.20 µg/g and the bran cyanide values were between 459.53 and 639.35 μg/g. The analyzed bran presented increased cyanide concentrations than the whole seeds with no differences between brown and golden types. Food able to produce cyanide less than 90 µg/kg body weight, daily, is considered secure for consumption. Considering this limit and analyzed samples, it is safe to eat approximately two tablespoons of seeds or one tablespoon of bran. These results point out the importance of cyanide amount daily intake information to be in linseed packaging, to ensure secure consumption.

ABSTRACT Radar absorbing materials (RAMs) are composites made with a polymeric matrix and an electromagnetic absorbing filler, such as carbon black (CB), silicon carbide (SiC) or manganese zinc ferrite (MnZn). To enhance their performances to attenuate an incident wave through reflection loss (RL), RAMs can be produced in multilayer structures. Usually, the RL analysis is done theoretically and experimentally validated with free space analysis. Here, it was demonstrated that multilayer structure can be designed and easily validated using rectangular waveguide, using a simpler setup and small samples. Three composites were produced using 2 wt% of CB (CB2), 40 wt% of SiC (SiC40) and 60 wt% of MnZn (MnZn60). They were characterized over the Ku-band and used to validate the multilayer structures, that were prepared by simply stacking each material inside the waveguide sample holder. One of the best results was obtained with structure SiC40+CB2 with 5.85 mm thickness, that presented a calculated RL of -21 dB at 17.8 GHz and a measured RL of -36 dB at the same frequency. In conclusion, using rectangular waveguide has been proven to be an easy, cheap, precise and fast approach to validate multilayer structures designs.

Introdução A determinação do limiar anaeróbio em exercícios resistidos tem sido tema de diversos estudos. No entanto, o impacto desta avaliação sobre os parâmetros hemodinâmicos de pressão arterial e frequência cardíaca ainda é desconhecido. Objetivo Comparar a estimativa do limiar anaeróbio (LAn) obtido em teste e reteste de protocolo incremental nos exercícios resistidos de supino reto (SR) e rosca direta (RD) e analisar o comportamento das variáveis hemodinâmicas de frequência cardíaca (FC), pressão arterial sistólica (PAS) e diastólica (PAD) durante protocolo de cargas incrementais. Métodos Oito voluntários do sexo masculino praticantes de treinamento resistido foram recrutados e realizaram quatro testes de cargas incrementais (dois no SR e dois na RD) em dias distintos para a determinação do LAn. Durante cada teste, as variáveis de lactato sanguíneo, FC, PAS e PAD foram mensuradas ao final de cada estágio. Resultados Os valores do LAn expressos em porcentagens da carga máxima (1-RM) para o SR em teste e reteste foram de 19,7±4,0% e 18,4±3,4% respectivamente e para RD de 17,7±3,4% e 19,4±3,1% respectivamente, não sendo identificadas diferenças estatísticas entre estas. No decorrer dos testes, a FC variou em média entre 90 e 135bpm para SR e entre 98 a 150bpm para RD. Apenas a PAS se alterou no decorrer dos testes, variando entre 111,8 a 123,3mmHg no SR e entre 119,4 a 141,3mmHg na RD. Conclusão Tais resultados nos sugerem que a intensidade relativa ao LAn não é diferente para SR ou RD em teste ou reteste. Não obstante, apesar de diferenças nos comportamentos hemodinâmicos entre os tipos de exercícios (SR vs. RD), os valores de FC e PAS se elevaram dentro de limites clinicamente aceitáveis, como sugerido pela literatura.

Introduction The anaerobic threshold determination in resistance exercises has been the subject of several studies. However, the impact of these evaluations over the hemodynamic parameters of blood pressure and heart rate are still unknown. Objective To compare the estimate of the anaerobic threshold (AnT) obtained during test and retest of an incremental protocol in resistance exercises of bench press (BP) and biceps curl (BC), and analyze the hemodynamic variable behavior of heart rate (HR), systolic (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) during the incremental load protocol. Methods Eight male practitioners of resistance training volunteers have been recruited and carried out four incremental load tests (two in BP and two in BC) in distinct days for AnT determination. During each test, the variables of blood lactate, HR, SBP and DBP were measured at the end of each stage. Results The values of AnT expressed in % of maximum load (1-RM) for BP in test and retest were 19.7±4.0% and 18.4±3.4% respectively, and for BC were 17.7±3.4% and 19.4±3.1% respectively, not being found statistical differences between these. During tests, HR ranged on average between 90 and 135bpm for BP and between 98 and 150bpm for BC. Only the SBP has changed during tests, ranging between 111.8 to 123.3mmHg in BP and 119.4 to 141.3mmHg in BC. Conclusion These results suggest that the intensity related to AnT is not different for BP or BC during test or retest. Despite differences in hemodynamic behavior between exercise types (BP vs. BC), HR and SBP values had an elevation within acceptable clinical limits as suggested by literature.

Introducción La determinación del umbral anaeróbico en ejercicios de resistencia, ha sido un tema de diversos estudios, sin embargo, el impacto de esta evaluación sobre los parámetros hemodinámicos de presión arterial y frecuencia cardíaca todavía son desconocidos. Objetivo Comparar la estimación del umbral anaeróbico (LAn) obtenido en prueba y reprueba del protocolo incremental en los ejercicios de resistencia de press de banca (PB) y curl de bíceps con barra (CB) y analizar el comportamiento de las variables hemodinámicas de frecuencia cardíaca (FC), presión arterial sistólica (PAS) y diastólica (PAD) durante un protocolo de cargas incrementales. Métodos Ocho voluntarios de sexo masculino, practicantes de entrenamiento de resistencia, fueron reclutados y realizaran cuatro pruebas de cargas incrementales (dos en PB y dos en CB) en días distintos para la determinación del LAn. Durante cada prueba, las variables de lactato sanguíneo, FC, PAS y PAD fueron medidas al final de cada fase. Resultados Los valores de LAn expresados en porcentajes de carga máxima (1-RM) para el PB en prueba y reprueba fueron de 19,7±4,0% y 18,4±3,4% respectivamente y para CB de 17,7±3,4% e 19,4±3,1% respectivamente, no siendo identificadas diferencias estadísticas entre estas. En el transcurso de las pruebas, la FC varió, en promedio, entre 90 y 135bpm para PB y entre 98 a 150bpm para CB. Solamente la PAS se alteró en el transcurso de las pruebas, variando entre 111,8 a 123,3mmHg en PB y entre 119,4 a 141,3mmHg en CB. Conclusión Tales resultados nos sugieren que la intensidad relativa al LAn no es diferente para PB o CB en prueba y reprueba. No obstante, a pesar de las diferencias en los comportamientos hemodinámicos entre los tipos de ejercicios (PB vs. CB), los valores de FC y PAS aumentaron dentro de límites clínicamente aceptables como lo sugerido por la bibliografía.

Objectives To compare the effect of the consumption of buriti oil and soybean oil on the metabolism of rats under stress induced by iron overload.Materials and methods A total of 28 rats were randomized into control groups who consumed diet added of soybean (CS) or buriti oil (CB) and gavage with saline and two experimental groups who consumed diet added of soybean (ES) or buriti oil (EB) and daily gavage with iron II sulfate as stress inducer. The fatty acid profile of diets was analyzed. Body weight and diet consumption were evaluated every two days. The lipid profile and liver weight of animals were evaluated at the end of the experiment.Results Diet added of soybean oil showed higher percentage of polyunsaturated fatty acids (45.6%) and diet with buriti oil was rich in monounsaturated fatty acids (66.9%). There were no differences in food intake, total cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol among groups (p > 0.05). However, animals fed with diet supplemented with buriti oil showed intermediate triglyceride levels (CB: 65 mg/dL; EB: 68.7 mg/dL) compared to ES group (102.5 mg/dL). The liver of rats from the CS group had higher weight (2.06 ± 0.2 g) compared to the CB group (1.56 ± 0.1 g).Conclusion Buriti oil consumption was able to minimize some changes related to iron overload.

A collaborative research initiative was proposed by the Federation of Cooperatives of Ostrich Producers of Southeastern Brazil (FECOAVESTRUZ-Sudeste) and Embrapa Environment to training technicians and to develop environmental management procedures in order to establish criteria for the definition of 'Terms of Reference' for sustainable ostrich production for FECOAVESTRUZ associates. Eight farms with different scales of operation were selected by FECOAVESTRUZ-Sudeste for the application of 'integrated environmental indicator systems', designed to develop Environmental Management Reports and to propose best management practices in the farms. The results showed that, in general, indicators relative to Use of inputs and resources, Use of veterinary inputs and raw-materials, and especially Use of energy tended to generate negative impact, because ostrich production was intensive in these farms. On the other hand, this intensive production was also associated with improvements in Income generation and Management and administration, with positive reflexes on Employment quality and Customer respect. The utilization of the 'integrated environmental indicator systems' provide fast and inexpensive procedures designed to prepare producers for the eco-certification and ensuing sustainable origin denomination for ostrich production.

O clima está fortemente relacionado com a dinâmica da camada superficial do Atlântico tropical e com as trocas entre esta e a atmosfera, e a previsão do tempo melhorará à medida em que ganhemos um melhor entendimento dos processos que governam a distribuição relativa das propriedades termodinâmicas na coluna d'água. O presente trabalho focaliza o isolamento das águas quentes superficiais das águas frias profundas pela camada de barreira (CB) induzida pela salinidade no Atlântico Equatorial Oeste (3ºS-7ºN; 40º-52ºW), com base em 487 perfis de CTD (REVIZEE - 1995-2001). O principal processo que contribue para a formação sazonal da CB é a descarga fluvial de águas doces do rio Amazonas. Durante o final do inverno/primavera boreal (Mar-Mai; alta descarga), prevalecem camadas isotérmica (Z T) e de mistura (Z M) mais profundas e a formação de uma CB com 16m de espessura foi governada pelo estabelecimento de uma forte picnoclina induzida pela salinidade, no interior da camada isotérmica. Entretanto, durante o outono boreal (Out-Dez; baixa descarga), estratificações em densidade foram principalmente controladas pela distribuição de temperatura (Z M m Z T; ECB = Z M - Z T m 0). Embora não tenha registrado uma CB sobre a plataforma Amazônica, uma CB máxima (40m) foi formada próxima à quebra da plataforma a 45°W.

Climate is closely related to the dynamics of the surface layer of the tropical Atlantic and the exchange between this latter and the atmosphere, and wearther forecasting will improve with increasing understanding of the processes that govern the relative distribution of thermodynamic properties of the water column. This paper focuses on the isolation of warm surface waters from the cold ones of the deep ocean by a salinity induced barrier layer (BL) in the western equatorial Atlantic (3ºS-7ºN; 40º-52ºW), based on 487 CTD profiles (REVIZEE - 1995-2001). The main process contributing to the seasonal BL formation is the discharge of low salinity waters from the Amazon river. During boreal late winter/spring (Mar-May; high river discharge), deeper isothermal (Z T) and mixed layers (Z M) prevail and the formation of a 16m-thick BL was clearly determined the formation of a salt-induced marked pycnocline within a deeper isothermal layer. However, during the boreal autumn (Oct-Dec; low river discharge), density stratification was mainly determined by temperature distribution (Z M m Z T; BLT = Z M - Z T m 0). There was no clear register of a BL on the Amazon shelf, but a maximum BL (40 m) formed near the shelf break at 45°W.

Objetivo: Avaliar o efeito terapêutico das punções do estroma anterior corneal em pacientes com ceratopatia bolhosa (CB). Métodos:Vinte e cinco pacientes com CB sintomáticos, com baixa visão, com e sem indicação de transplante de córnea, foram avaliados antes, uma, 4 e 12 semanas após punções estromais anteriores realizadas com agulha #25 à lâmpada de fenda. Em cada visita, os pacientes foram questionados sobre intensidade da dor, fotofobia, sensação de corpo estranho, além de serem submetidos a exame oftalmológico completo, estesiometria e paquimetria. Resultados: As comparações realizadas entre os valores antes e após o procedimento referentes a dor (p<0,001), fotofobia (p=0,0198), sensação de corpo estranho (CE) (p<0,001), insônia (p=0,0015) e estesiometria (p=0,00654) apresentaram diferenças estatisticamente significantes quanto à diminuição desses sintomas e da sensibilidade corneal. A paquimetria média não apresentou diferença estatisticamente significante entre as avaliações antes e após as punções estromais (p=0,873). Não foram observadas alterações importantes na vascularização corneal após o procedimento. Conclusão: As punções do estroma anterior da córnea representam uma modalidade efetiva, simples e de baixo custo para o tratamento dos pacientes com CB sintomáticos.

Purpose: To evaluate the effect of anterior stromal puncture to treat bullous keratopathy patients (BK) who were symptomatic. Methods: Twenty-five patients with BK and decreased vision, awaiting or not penetrating keratoplasty, were evaluated before, 1, 4 and 12 weeks after anterior stromal punctures performed with a # 25 needle. The patients were asked about pain intensity, foreign body sensation and photophobia. Biomicroscopy, esthesiometry and pachymetry results were evaluated. Results: The comparisons between results before and after the anterior stromal puncture related to pain (p<0.001), photophobia (p=0.0198), foreign-body sensation (p<0.001), insomnia (p=0.0015) and esthesiometry (p=0.00654) showed significant statistical differences regarding decreasing symptoms and corneal sensitivity. The mean pachymetry did not show a statistical difference between results before and after the procedure (p=0.873). We did not find important differences in terms of corneal neovascularization. Conclusion: Anterior stromal puncture is an effective, simple and low cost alternative to treat symptomatic patients with BK.