ABSTRACT Objective: To evaluate the antibacterial effect of electrolytically generated hypochlorous acid on Streptococcus gordonii, Fusobacterium nucleatum, and Porphyromonas gingivalis. Material and Methods: In this in vitro experiment, the effect of hypochlorous acid (HOCl) on the strains S. gordonii, F. nucleatum, and P. gingivalis was evaluated using 4% sodium hypochlorite, 0.12% chlorhexidine, and distilled water as controls. The four groups were placed on each plate, and each group was replicated five times. The agar diffusion method by zones measurement was used. The data were processed with SPSS using the Kruskal-Wallis test and multiple comparison tests. Results: Hypochlorous acid showed an average inhibition halo of 9.28 mm on S. gordonii. As expected with distilled water, no zone of inhibition was noted for any of the bacteria, nor were zones of inhibition observed with HOCl for F. nucleatum and P. gingivalis. Conclusion: Hypochlorous acid showed antimicrobial properties against only S. gordonii and was less effective than 4% sodium hypochlorite and 0.12% chlorhexidine, although no significant differences were found between the latter.

Resumen Introducción: En 2020, la Organización Mundial de la Salud (OMS) declaró la emergencia de salud pública por SARS-CoV-21; el 11 de marzo de 2020 se notificó la pandemia global por COVID-19 y el gobierno colombiano decretó para todas las ciudades el aislamiento preventivo obligatorio2. Para el mes de mayo, Cali reportó 1635 casos de COVID confirmados y 85 fallecidos por un virus con un 4,95% de letalidad3. Lo anterior influenció de forma importante las rutinas alimentarias de las familias durante el primer trimestre del periodo de confinamiento. Considerando que esta situación era atípica en el país, era necesario describir la percepción del comportamiento alimentario durante este primer trimestre de aislamiento preventivo obligatorio en la ciudad de Cali, considerando las normas de bioseguridad establecidas para el periodo mencionado. Objetivo: Describir el comportamiento alimentario de 1814 familias en Cali durante el primer trimestre de aislamiento preventivo obligatorio. Metodología: Estudio cuantitativo, descriptivo transversal, con técnica de encuesta. Se aplicó un instrumento virtual compuesto por 28 ítems, que indagó el comportamiento alimentario de las familias. Discusión: Se encontró que el 95,1% de los hogares percibió escasez y aumento de precios en alimentos que componen la canasta alimentaria familiar, y el 67,2% de las familias estuvieron preocupadas por la alimentación. Hubo un aumento en el consumo de alimentos y se modificó el número de tiempos de comida/día. Los hábitos alimentarios, ingesta de refrescos y consumo de alcohol también se modificaron durante confinamiento. Conclusiones: Se puede afirmar que durante el primer trimestre de cuarentena por COVID-19 en Cali se modificó el comportamiento alimentario de las familias encuestadas, una de las razones estuvo relacionada con un cambio en los ingresos económicos, que afectó la cantidad de dinero disponible para alimentos. Durante este periodo se modificaron también los tiempos de comida y la variedad en la ingesta de alimentos. En general, se describieron aspectos que afectaron la seguridad alimentaria de las familias.

Abstract Introduction: In 2020, the World Health Organization (WHO) declared a public health emergency due to SARS-CoV-21. On March 11, 2020, the global pandemic due to COVID-19 was declared, with which the Colombian government decreed mandatory preventive isolation in the country2. In May, Cali reported 1,635 confirmed COVID cases and 85 deaths from a virus with a 4.95 % case fatality rate3. This situation affected families eating routines during this period. Considering that this situation was atypical in the country, it was necessary to describe the perception of feeding behavior during this first trimester of mandatory preventive isolation in the city of Cali, considering the biosafety standards established by the national government. Objetive: To describe the feeding behavior of 1,814 families in Cali during the first trimester of mandatory preventive isolation. Methodology: Cross-sectional, descriptive and quantitative study. A virtual instrument composed of 28 items was applied, which investigated the feeding behavior of the families. Convenience sampling. Results: The results show that the economic income of families, as well as the distribution of expenses within the home, were affected in the evaluated period. In addition, it was found that 95.1 % of households perceived shortages and price increases in foods that make up the family food basket; 67.2% of families were concerned about food. There was an increase in food consumption and the number of perhaps consider, meals per day was modified. Eating habits, soft drink intake and alcohol consumption also changed during confinement in the evaluated time. Conclusions: It can be affirmed families modified their feeding behaviors during the first quarter of quarantine due to COVID-19. Because the economic income of families was affected, the money available for food purchases was affected as well. During this time, perhaps consider: meal frequencies and, in general, the variety in food intake was also modified. Finally, the results suggest perhaps consider: a negative effect in the food security of families.

ABSTRACT Self-regulation (SR) and Self-compassion (SC) emerge as effective psychological resources for promoting health. Objective: To describe health-promoting and risk-taking behaviors of university students in Chile and establish their relationship with SR and SC. Materials and Methods: Cross-sectional descriptive correlational study. A sample of Chilean undergraduate students (n=544) responded to a health questionnaire and the Short Self-Regulation Questionnaire and Self-Compassion Scale. Results: Low frequency of health-promoting behaviors and presence of risk-taking behaviors such as tobacco use (22.6%), drug use (41.3%) and problematic alcohol use (20.3%) were observed. SR impulse control was associated with a higher probability of healthy eating behavior (OR=1.56; CI 95%: 1.12-2.19; p <0.01) and better sleep quality (OR=1,7; CI: 1.24-2.38; p <0.01). Mindfulness, a component of SC, was associated with less regular physical activity (OR=0.69; CI: 0.49-0.95; p <0.05) and lower consumption of non-prescription drugs (OR=0.54; CI: 0.32-0.91; p <0.05), and self-judgment was related to a higher consumption of non-prescription drugs (OR=1.83; CI: 1.03-3.28; p <0.05). Conclusion: Impulse control influences both eating and sleep regulation, which are domains that tend to be altered among university students. SC is related to a lower probability of consuming non-prescription drugs. Both SR and SC emerge as potentially useful resources for promoting healthy habits and preventing risk behaviors.

RESUMEN La Autorregulación (AR) y la Autocompasión (AC) emergen como recursos psicológicos efectivos para la promoción de salud. Objetivo: Describir conductas promotoras de salud y conductas de riesgo de universitarios en Chile y establecer su asociación con la AR y AC. Material y Método: Estudio de carácter correlacional descriptivo, de corte transversal. Una muestra de estudiantes universitarios chilenos de pregrado (n=544) respondió un cuestionario sobre conductas de salud y de riesgo, y las escalas Short Self-Regulation Questionnaire y Self-Compassion Scale. Resultados: Se observó baja frecuencia de conductas promotoras de salud y presencia de conductas de riesgo como consumo de tabaco (22,6%), de drogas (41,3%) y consumo problemático de alcohol (20,3%). El control de impulsos de la AR se asoció a mayor probabilidad de conducta alimentaria saludable (OR=1,56; IC 95%: 1,12-2,19; p< 0,01) y mejor calidad de sueño (OR=1,7; IC: 1,24-2,38; p<0,01). El mindfulness, componente de la AC, se asoció a menor actividad física regular (OR=0,69; IC:0,49-0,95; p<0,05) y menor consumo de medicamentos sin prescripción (OR=0,54; IC:0,32-0,91; p<0,05), y el autojuicio a mayor consumo de medicamentos sin prescripción (OR=1,83; IC: 1,03-3,28; p< 0,05). Conclusión: El control de impulsos se asocia a la regulación de la alimentación y sueño, ambos dominios alterados en la etapa universitaria; la AC se relaciona con menor probabilidad de consumo de medicamentos sin prescripción. Tanto la AR como la SC emergen como recursos potencialmente útiles hacia la promoción de hábitos saludables y prevención de conductas de riesgo para la salud.

RESUMO A Autorregulação (AR) e a Autocompaixão (AC) surgem como recursos psicológicos eficazes para a promoção da saúde. Objetivo: Descrever os comportamentos promotores da saúde e os comportamentos de risco de estudantes universitários no Chile e estabelecer sua relação com o AR e AC. Materiais e Método: Estudo correlacional descritivo transversal. Uma amostra de estudantes universitários chilenos (n = 544) respondeu a um questionário sobre saúde e aos Self-Regulation Questionnaire e Self-Compassion Scale. Resultados: Observou-se baixa frequência de comportamentos promotores de saúde e presença de comportamentos de risco como o consumo de tabaco (22,6%), uso de drogas (41,3%) e uso problemático de álcool (20,3%). O controle do impulso da AR foi associado a uma maior probabilidade de comportamento alimentar saudável (OR = 1,56; IC 95%: 1,12-2,19; p <0,01) e melhor qualidade do sono (OR = 1,7; IC: 1,24-2,38; p < 0,01). O componente mindfulness da AC foi associado a menor atividade física regular (OR = 0,69; IC: 0,49-0,95; p <0,05) e menor consumo de medicamentos não prescritos (OR = 0,54; IC: 0,32-0,91; p <0,05), e o autojulgamento foi relacionado a um maior consumo de medicamentos não controlados (OR=1,83; IC: 1,03-3,28; p <0,05). Conclusão: O controle dos impulsos influencia a regulação da alimentação e do sono, que são domínios que tendem a ser alterados na fase universitária. A AC está relacionada a uma menor probabilidade de consumir medicamentos sem receita médica. Tanto a AR como a AC surgem como recursos potencialmente úteis para a promoção de hábitos saudáveis e prevenção de comportamentos de risco para a saúde.

Abstract Objective: To assess the antibacterial activity of Psidium guajava fractions and their effects on adhesion of a multispecies biofilm consisting of Streptococcus gordonii, Fusobacterium nucleatum, and Porphyromonas gingivalis in vitro. Material and Methods: Guava leaves were obtained from the mountains of northern Peru, where they grow wild and free of pesticides. The antimicrobial activity of 25 mg/mL petroleum ether, 25 mg/mL dichloromethane and 25 mg/mL methanol fractions of P. guajava was evaluated by measuring inhibition halos, as well as the effect on the adhesion of multispecies biofilms at 4, 7 and 10 days of growth by measuring the optical density. In addition, antimicrobial susceptibility was compared using the Kruskal-Wallis test and its multiple comparison tests, and differences in mean biofilm adhesion between each fraction were assessed by repeated measures analysis and the Tukey multiple comparison test. Results: The rank-based Kruskal-Wallis test highlighted differences in the effects of the fractions on the zone of inhibition for each oral bacterium, including S. gordonii (p=0.000), F. nucleatum (p=0.000), and P. gingivalis (p=0.000), the Tukey test showed that the group treated with 0.12% chlorhexidine exhibited the least amount of adhesion, followed by the group treated with the 1.56 mg/mL methanol fraction. Conclusion: The methanol fraction of P. guajava had an antibacterial effect on S. gordonii and P. gingivalis, and the 1.56 mg/mL methanol fraction decreased biofilm adhesion.

Abstract The Committee for Infections in Immunocompromised Children of Sociedad Latinoamericana de Infectología Pediátrica, presents this Consensus document, titled “Management of episodes of febrile neutropenia in children with cancer. Consensus of the Sociedad Latinoamericana de Infectología Pediátrica 2021”. The document includes recommendations on prevention, prediction, diagnosis, treatment and prognosis of episodes of fever and neutropenia, including specific recommendations on: Analysis at admission; evaluation, adjustments and duration of antimicrobial therapies; diagnosis and management of invasive fungal infection; analysis of the main clinical source of infections; environmental conditions necessary for hospitals caring for children with cancer and chemoprophylaxis. Special emphasis has been placed on providing the best recommendations to optimize the management of episodes of fever and neutropenia in children with cancer, with equity and excellence through all the centers that treat these patients in Latin America.

Resumen El Comité de Infecciones en el Niño Inmunocomprometido de la Sociedad Latinoamericana de Infectología Pediátrica, entrega este documento de Consenso, llamado “Manejo de los episodios de neutropenia febril en niños con cáncer. Consenso de la Sociedad Latinoamericana de Infectología Pediátrica 2021”. El documento contiene recomendaciones sobre aspectos de prevención, predicción, diagnóstico, tratamiento y pronóstico de los episodios de fiebre y neutropenia, incluyendo recomendaciones específicas sobre: Análisis de ingreso; evaluación, ajustes y duración de terapias antimicrobianas; diagnóstico y manejo de infección fúngica invasora; análisis de los principales focos clínicos de infección; condiciones ambientales necesarias para hospitales que atienden niños con cáncer y quimioprofilaxis. Se ha puesto especial énfasis en entregar las mejores recomendaciones para optimizar el manejo de los episodios de fiebre y neutropenia en niños con cáncer, buscando la equidad y la excelencia a través de todos los centros que atienden estos pacientes en América Latina.

Resumen La trombosis venosa cerebral (TVC) es una presentación clínica poco común del tromboembolismo venoso caracterizada por cefalea, crisis convulsivas, déficits neurológicos focales y papiledema. El diagnóstico es confirmado con Tomografía axial computarizada (TAC) de cráneo y Resonancia magnética nuclear (RMN) cerebral. La TVC tiene una relación importante con el virus de inmunodeficiencia humana (VIH), ya que los pacientes VIH positivos cursan con hiperviscosidad san guínea, alteraciones de factores anticoagulantes endógenos y riesgo de sobreinfección, entre otros; que predisponen a estados protrombóticos y lesión vascular como lo es la TVC. El tratamiento de la TVC es terapia anticoagulante, por lo general se utiliza heparina no fraccionada o heparina de bajo peso molecular para la fase aguda y anticoagulantes orales como la warfarina para el mantenimiento posterior. Reportamos el primer caso documentado de TVC en un paciente VIH positivo en Colombia.

Abstract Cerebral venous thrombosis (CVT) is a rare clinical presentation of venous thromboembolism characterized by headache, seizures, neurological deficits and papi lledema. The diagnosis is confirmed using computed tomography scan (CT scan) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the brain. CVT has an important relationship with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) given that HIV-positive patients may present with blood hyperviscosity, irregular levels of endogenous anticoagulation factors and risk of sepsis among others, that predispose to prothrombotic states and vascular injury such as CVT. The treatment of CVT is anticoagulant therapy, generally unfractionated heparin or low molecular weight heparin for the early phase and oral anticoagulants such as warfarin for the late phase. This case reports the first documented case of CVT in an HIV positive patient in Colombia.

RESUMO A centralidade no cuidado individual a casos graves descurou a abordagem populacional comunitária necessária ao enfrentamento da pandemia de Covid-19 no Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS). Neste ensaio, argumenta-se que a Estratégia Saúde da Família (ESF), com suas equipes multiprofissionais e enfoque comunitário e territorial, tem potencial para atuar na abordagem comunitária necessária ao enfrentamento da epidemia. A partir de experiências locais e internacionais, analisa quatro campos de atuação da Atenção Primária à Saúde (APS) no SUS no enfrentamento da Covid-19: vigilância nos territórios; cuidado individual dos casos confirmados e suspeitos de Covid-19; ação comunitária de apoio aos grupos vulneráveis; e continuidade dos cuidados rotineiros da APS. Reconhecem-se limites dessa atuação decorrentes de mudanças recentes na Política Nacional de Atenção Básica que afetam o modelo assistencial da vigilância em saúde. Conclui-se ser necessário ativar os atributos comunitários das equipes multiprofissionais da ESF e do Núcleo de Apoio à Saúde da Família; associar-se às iniciativas solidárias das organizações comunitárias e articular-se intersetorialmente; e garantir a continuidade das ações de promoção, prevenção e cuidado, criando novos processos de trabalho na vigilância em saúde, no apoio social e sanitário aos grupos vulneráveis e na continuidade da atenção rotineira para quem dela precisa.

ABSTRACT The focus on individual care for severe cases neglected the community-centered approach required to cope with the Covid-19 pandemic in the Unified Health System (SUS) in Brazil. This essay argues that the Family Health Strategy (ESF), by means of its multi-professional teams and community and territorial orientation, is able to successfully develop the community approach required to deal with the pandemic. Inspired by local and international experiences, this essay analyzes four dimensions regarding SUS’ Primary Health Care (PHC) work in the fighting against Covid-19: community-based health surveillance, individual care for confirmed and suspected cases of Covid-19, community mobilization to support vulnerable local groups, and continuity of APS care routine. Limitations are acknowledged due to recent changes in the National Policy of Primary Health Care impacting health surveillance care model. The conclusion if for the need to: strengthen the community attributes of APS and Family Health Support multi-professional teams; collaborate with community organizations in initiatives of solidarity and articulate in an intersectoral way; guarantee the ongoing promotion, prevention and care actions by creating new working processes for health surveillance, social and health support for vulnerable groups, and for the continuity of the routine care for those in need.

ABSTRACT The focus on individual care for severe cases neglected the community-centered approach required to cope with the Covid-19 pandemic in the Unified Health System (SUS) in Brazil. This essay argues that the Family Health Strategy (ESF), by means of its multi-professional teams and community and territorial orientation, is able to successfully develop the community approach required to deal with the pandemic. Inspired by local and international experiences, this essay analyzes four dimensions regarding SUS’ Primary Health Care (PHC) work in the fighting against Covid-19: community-based health surveillance, individual care for confirmed and suspected cases of Covid-19, community mobilization to support vulnerable local groups, and continuity of APS care routine. Limitations are acknowledged due to recent changes in the National Policy of Primary Health Care impacting health surveillance care model. The conclusion if for the need to: strengthen the community attributes of APS and Family Health Support multi-professional teams; collaborate with community organizations in initiatives of solidarity and articulate in an intersectoral way; guarantee the ongoing promotion, prevention and care actions by creating new working processes for health surveillance, social and health support for vulnerable groups, and for the continuity of the routine care for those in need.

RESUMO A centralidade no cuidado individual a casos graves descurou a abordagem populacional comunitária necessária ao enfrentamento da pandemia de Covid-19 no Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS). Neste ensaio, argumenta-se que a Estratégia Saúde da Família (ESF), com suas equipes multiprofissionais e enfoque comunitário e territorial, tem potencial para atuar na abordagem comunitária necessária ao enfrentamento da epidemia. A partir de experiências locais e internacionais, analisa quatro campos de atuação da Atenção Primária à Saúde (APS) no SUS no enfrentamento da Covid-19: vigilância nos territórios; cuidado individual dos casos confirmados e suspeitos de Covid-19; ação comunitária de apoio aos grupos vulneráveis; e continuidade dos cuidados rotineiros da APS. Reconhecem-se limites dessa atuação decorrentes de mudanças recentes na Política Nacional de Atenção Básica que afetam o modelo assistencial da vigilância em saúde. Conclui-se ser necessário ativar os atributos comunitários das equipes multiprofissionais da ESF e do Núcleo de Apoio à Saúde da Família; associar-se às iniciativas solidárias das organizações comunitárias e articular-se intersetorialmente; e garantir a continuidade das ações de promoção, prevenção e cuidado, criando novos processos de trabalho na vigilância em saúde, no apoio social e sanitário aos grupos vulneráveis e na continuidade da atenção rotineira para quem dela precisa.

When Horacio González speaks or writes, he opens generous fissures in the places in which he ventures and his more than half a century giving classes bear witness to this. The pluriverse of questions and references that it addresses becomes an inexhaustible fresh water well that not even the most painful and insulting argumentative droughts manage to consume or embitter. Well, Horacio does not stop persisting in a certain undisciplined reflection that annoys both moralists and disciplined operators and discipline workers on duty. Hence, this meeting is presented as an invitation, rooted in the debates on the university and its contexts, where the meanings we attribute to critical, and perhaps clinical, discourse in these times are explored, and the ways in which those pedagogies called conjectural allow us to interrogate contemporary problems. All this with a controversial book on Borges as a backdrop that allows us not to forget his place (or ours) among the barbarian peoples.

Cuando Horacio González habla o escribe, abre fisuras generosas en los lugares en que incursiona y su más de medio siglo dando clases así lo testimonian. El pluriverso de cuestiones y referencias que aborda se torna un inagotable pozo de agua dulce que ni las más penosas e injuriantes sequías argumentativas logran consumir o amargar. Pues Horacio no deja de persistir en cierta reflexión indisciplinada que tanto molesta a moralistas como a operadores disciplinados y disciplinantes de turno. De ahí que este encuentro se presente como una invitación, afincada en los debates sobre la universidad y sus con-textos, donde se exploran los sentidos que atribuimos al discurso crítico, y acaso clínico, en los tiempos que corren, y las formas en que las pedagogías llamadas conjeturales permiten interrogar los problemas contemporáneos. Todo ello con un polémico libro sobre Borges como telón de fondo que permite no olvidar su lugar (ni el nuestro) entre los pueblos bárbaros.

Objetivo: Evaluar los efectos del programa de atención domiciliaria del Centro de Memoria y Cognición Intellectus en un grupo de pacientes multimórbidos y dependientes con respecto al número de hospitalizaciones y consultas a urgencias antes del ingreso al programa y un año posterior al seguimiento. Diseño: Fue un estudio longitudinal de antes y después. Participantes: Pacientes del programa de atención domiciliaria del Centro de Memoria y Cognición Intellectus atendidos por geriatría domiciliaria con edad igual o mayor a 65 años, con enfermedades crónicas discapacitantes o trastorno neurocognoscitivo mayor; índice de Barthel menor de 60 y seguimiento mínimo de un año en el programa de atención domiciliaria. Intervenciones: Seguimiento de un año en el programa de atención domiciliaria y entrevista estructurada a los pacientes o familiares de los pacientes para evaluar los desenlaces. Resultados: El promedio de hospitalizaciones se redujo de 1,91 (DE: 1,82; IC95 %: 1,50-2,32) a 0,96 (DE: 1,43; IC95 %: 0,66-1,26) con significancia estadística (p < 0,001). El promedio de consultas a urgencias disminuyó de forma significativa (p < 0,001) de 2,20 (DE: 1,91; IC95 %: 1,77-2,63) a 1,20 (DE: 1,69; IC95 %: 0,82-1,58). Conclusiones: Se redujo el número de vistas a urgencias e ingresos hospitalarios con diferencias estadísticamente significativas.

Abstract Objective: To evaluate the effects of the home care program of the Intellectus Center of Memory and Cognition in a group of multimorbid and dependent patients with regards to the number of hospitalizations and emergency room visits, before the program and one year after the follow-up. Design: Longitudinal study of before and after type. Participants: Patients of the home care program of the Intellectus Center of Memory and Cognition, who met inclusion criteria: attended at home by geriatrician, aged 65 or over, chronic diseases or dementia, cancer or others, Barthel index less than 60, minimum follow up of one year in home care program. Main measurements: Number of hospitalizations and emergency room visits, before and after the year of follow up. Results: The average of hospitalizations decreased from 1.91 (SD: 1.82; 95% CI: 1.50-2.32) to 0.96 (SD: 1.43; 95% CI: 0.66 to 1.26) with statistical significance (p = 0.002). The average number of emergency room visits decreased significantly (p = 0.0003) from 2.20 (SD: 1.91; 95% CI: 1.77-2.63) to 1.20 (SD: 1.69; 95% CI: 0.82-1.58). Conclusions: A reduction in the number of emergency room visits and hospital admissions was evidenced with statistically significant difference.

Resumen El diseño de esta investigación es de corte empírico y cuantitativo, además, es de tipo psicométrico, bajo el criterio de estudio instrumental. Su objetivo principal fue diseñar y validar una escala de actitudes hacia la Policía Nacional para una muestra colombiana. Para ello, se realizó una revisión teórica y se diseñó una tabla de especificaciones que permitió identificar la cantidad de ítems que se requerían para abarcar las seis funciones principales de dicha entidad. Posteriormente, los ítems fueron sometidos a la validación por parte de jueces, se realizaron algunos ajustes sugeridos a la escala y se aplicó la encuesta a 566 ciudadanos colombianos con edades entre los 18 y 82 años, cuya media fue de 26 años. Se tuvo acceso a la población a través de un muestreo no probabilístico por bola de nieve. Así mismo, se llevó a cabo un análisis factorial exploratorio, que agrupó los reactivos en cuatro factores: pensamientos y creencias hacia la Policía Nacional, emociones y sentimientos hacia la Policía Nacional, accionar propio de la Policía y accionar de la Policía ante riñas y peleas. Además, se realizó un análisis factorial confirmatorio que refiere adecuados índices de bondad de ajuste. Los resultados de los análisis estadísticos demostraron que este instrumento tiene una alta consistencia interna y confiabilidad, lo cual se ve reflejado en el alfa de Cronbach general de 0,875 y una adecuada validez, ya que los ítems tienen apropiados índices de extracción y los cuatro factores en los que se agruparon explican el 47,140% de la varianza total.

Abstract This study's design was empirical and quantitative. In addition, it was psychometric, under instrumental study criteria. Its main objective was to design and validate a scale of attitudes towards the National Police for a Colombian sample. To do so, a theoretical review was performed and a table of specifications was created, which allowed identifying the amount of items required to cover the six main functions of said entity. Subsequently, the items were submitted to validation by judges. Some suggested adjustment were made to the scale, and the survey was given to 566 Colombian citizens between the ages of 18 to 82. The average age was 26. The population was accessed by means of non-probability, snowball sampling. Moreover, an exploratory factor analysis was performed, which regrouped the reactive items into four factors: thoughts and beliefs regarding the National Police, feelings and emotions towards the National Police, the Police's own actions, and the Police's actions in light of brawls and fights. In addition, a confirmatory factor analysis that refers to proper goodness of fit indices was performed. The results of the statistical analyses demonstrated that this instrument has high internal consistency and reliability, which is reflected in the general Cronbach's alpha of 0,875 and proper validity, since the items have appropriate extraction indices and the four factors in which they were grouped explain 47,140% of total variance.

Resumo O desenho desta pesquisa é empírico e quantitativo, além disso, é psicométrico, sob o critério de estudo instrumental. Seu principal objetivo foi desenhar e validar uma escala de atitudes em relação à Polícia Nacional para uma amostra colombiana. Para isso, foi realizada uma revisão teórica e foi elaborado um quadro de especificações para identificar o número de itens necessários para cobrir as seis funções principais da referida entidade. Posteriormente, os itens foram submetidos à validação de juízes, alguns ajustes sugeridos foram feitos na escala e a pesquisa foi aplicada a 566 cidadãos colombianos com idade entre 18 e 82 anos, cuja média foi de 26 anos. A população foi acessada por amostragem não probabilística em bola de neve. Da mesma forma, foi realizada uma análise fatorial exploratória, que agrupou os itens em quatro fatores: pensamentos e crenças em relação à Polícia Nacional, emoções e sentimentos em relação à Polícia Nacional, atuação característica da Polícia e atuação da Polícia frente a rixas e brigas. Além disso, foi realizada uma análise fatorial confirmatória que se refere a índices adequados de bondade de ajuste. Os resultados das análises estatísticas demonstraram que este instrumento possui alta consistência interna e confiabilidade, o que se reflete no alfa de Cronbach geral de 0,875 e validade adequada, uma vez que os itens apresentam taxas de extração adequadas e os quatro fatores nos quais foram agrupados explicam 47,140% da variância total.

Abstract Introduction: People transplanted for chronic kidney disease should carry out a series of self-care, due to the complexity of the treatment and the presence of multiple comorbidities that together with cardiovascular risk factors can affect their quality of life. Objective: To describe the quality of life in adults transplanted for chronic kidney disease and the relationship with sociodemographic and clinical characteristics, in a group of patients treated in a highly complex health institution in Neiva-Colombia. Material and Method: Descriptive cross-sectional study with 78 adults who were part of the transplant program, Neiva (Colombia). The characterization sheet of the person with chronic disease (GCPC-UN-P, version 2014), and the Betty Ferrell's quality of life instrument were applied. Results: The dimension with the least affectation was the spiritual, followed by the psychological and physical. The most affected was social. The participants presented a positive perception of the quality of life in the physical, psychological, social and spiritual dimensions; According to gender, women had a better perception in the psychological, social and spiritual dimensions, while in the physical dimension, men showed a better perception. Conclusions: Aspects related to health such as independence, intact mental function, educational level, family support and active work life, favor coping, increase satisfaction and quality of life of transplanted people.

Resumen Introducción: La persona con enfermedad renal crónica trasplantada debe llevar a cabo una serie de autocuidados, debido a la complejidad del tratamiento y presencia de múltiples comorbilidades que unidos a factores de riesgo cardiovascular pueden afectar su calidad de vida. Objetivo: Describir la calidad de vida en personas adultas con Enfermedad Renal Crónica trasplantadas y su relación con las características sociodemográficas y clínicas, en un grupo de pacientes atendidos en una institución de salud de alta complejidad, en Neiva-Colombia. Material y Método: Estudio descriptivo de corte trasversal con 78 adultos que formaban parte del programa de trasplante, Neiva (Colombia). Se aplicaron los instrumentos: Ficha de Caracterización de la Persona con Enfermedad Crónica GCPC-UN-P versión 2014, y el Instrumento Calidad de Vida de Betty Ferrell. Resultados: La dimensión con menor afectación fue la espiritual, seguida de la psicológica y física; la dimensión con mayor afectación fue la social. Los participantes presentaron percepción positiva de la calidad de vida en las dimensiones física, psicológica, social y espiritual; acorde al género presentaron mejor percepción las mujeres en las dimensiones psicológica, social y espiritual, mientras que en la dimensión física los hombres manifestaron una mejor percepción. Conclusiones: Aspectos relacionados con la salud como independencia, función mental intacta, nivel educativo, apoyo familiar y vida laboral activa, favorecen el afrontamiento, aumentan la satisfacción y la calidad de vida de las personas trasplantadas.

Resumen Los modelos transdiagnósticos para los problemas de ansiedad, depresión y somatización han tenido evidencia para variables como la rumiación cognitiva y el afecto negativo; sin embargo, las asociaciones diferenciales entre estas dos variables en la explicación psicopatológica requiere aún ser investigada. El objetivo fue analizar la relación entre la rumiación cognitiva según las dimensiones de la rumiación: reproche y reflexión, con el afecto negativo y los síntomas psicopatológicos internalizantes depresivos, ansiosos y psicosomáticos en adultos colombianos. Se llevó a cabo una investigación cuantitativa con un diseño transversal explicativo, en el que se definió una red estructural de relaciones entre constructos mediante un diagrama de senderos y ecuaciones estructurales. Se contó con una muestra final de 640 personas, con una edad media de 31.07 años (DE = 11.27). Los resultados indicaron correlaciones significativas parciales y de orden cero entre las variables transdiagnósticas y las sintomáticas internalizantes, mediante un modelo ajustado que permitió explicar en un 74 % estas problemáticas a partir de la rumiación cognitiva y la función mediadora parcial del afecto negativo. En los síntomas depresivos y ansiosos se obtuvo que están mediados parcialmente por el afecto negativo, mientras que la medida de somatización obtuvo un coeficiente de regresión significativo con el afecto negativo como predictor independiente. Estos resultados aportan a la comprensión de la interacción de la rumiación y el afecto en la aparición de los síntomas internalizantes de manera diferencial. Se recomendó contar con una muestra clínica que ayudaría a identificar con mayor precisión la varianza explicada del modelo obtenido, lo que favorecerá los actuales tratamientos transdiagnósticos disponibles.

Abstract The transdiagnostic models of anxiety, depression and somatization problems have had evidence for variables such as cognitive rumination and negative affect, however, the differential associations between these two variables in the psychopathological explanation, still need to be investigated. The aim was to analyze the relationship between cognitive rumination according to the two dimensions: brooding and reflection, with negative affect and depressive, anxious, and psychosomatic internalizing psychopathological symptoms. A quantitative research was carried out with an explanatory cross-sectional design in which a structural network of relationships between constructs was defined by a path diagram and structural equations. There was a final sample of 640 people with a mean age of 31.07 years (SD = 11.27). The results indicated significant partial and zero-order correlations between transdiagnostic and internalizing symptomatic variables, using an adjusted model that allowed explaining these problems in 74% from cognitive rumination, and the partial mediating function of negative affect. In depressive and anxious symptoms, they were partially mediated by the negative affect, while the somatization measure obtained a significant regression coefficient with the negative affect as an independent predictor. These results contribute to the understanding of the interaction of rumination and affect in the appearance of differential internalizing symptoms. It was recommended to have a clinical sample that would help to more accurately identify the explained variance of the obtained model, as well as favor the current and available transdiagnostic treatments.

The focus on individual care for severe cases neglected the community-centered approach required to cope with the Covid-19 pandemic in the Unified Health System (SUS) in Brazil. This essay argues that the Family Health Strategy (ESF), by means of its multi-professional teams and community and territorial orientation, is able to successfully develop the community approach required to deal with the pandemic. Inspired by local and international experiences, this essay analyzes four dimensions regarding SUS’ Primary Health Care (APS) work in the fighting against Covid-19: community-based health surveillance, individual care for confirmed and suspected cases of Covid-19, community mobilization to support vulnerable local groups due to their health or social condition, and continuity of APS care routine. Limitations are acknowledged due to recent changes in the national policy of primary health care impacting health surveillance care model. The conclusion if for the need to: strengthen the community attributes of APS and Family Health Support Center (NASF) multi-professional teams; collaborate with community organizations in initiatives of solidarity and articulate in an intersectoral way to back the population in its various weaknesses; guarantee the ongoing promotion, prevention and care actions by creating new working processes for health surveillance, social and health support for vulnerable groups, and for the continuity of the routine care for those in need.

A centralidade no cuidado individual a casos graves descurou a abordagem populacional comunitária necessária ao enfrentamento da pandemia de Covid-19 no Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS). Neste ensaio, argumenta-se que a Estratégia Saúde da Família (ESF), com suas equipes multiprofissionais e enfoque comunitário e territorial, tem potencial para atuar na abordagem comunitária necessária ao enfrentamento da epidemia. A partir de experiências locais e internacionais, analisa quatro campos de atuação da Atenção Primária à Saúde (APS) no SUS no enfrentamento da Covid-19: vigilância em saúde nos territórios; cuidado individual dos casos confirmados e suspeitos de Covid-19; ação comunitária de apoio aos grupos vulneráveis no território por sua situação de saúde ou social; e continuidade dos cuidados rotineiros da APS. Reconhecem-se limites dessa atuação decorrentes de mudanças recentes na política nacional de atenção básica que afetam o modelo assistencial da vigilância em saúde. Conclui-se ser necessário ativar os atributos comunitários das equipes multiprofissionais da ESF e do Núcleo de Apoio à Saúde da Família (NASF); associar-se às iniciativas solidárias das organizações comunitárias e articular-se intersetorialmente para apoiar a população em suas diversas vulnerabilidades; e garantir a continuidade das ações de promoção, prevenção e cuidado, criando novos processos de trabalho na vigilância em saúde, no apoio social e sanitário aos grupos vulneráveis e na continuidade da atenção rotineira para quem dela precisa.

RESUMO A centralidade no cuidado individual a casos graves descurou a abordagem populacional comunitária necessária ao enfrentamento da pandemia de Covid-19 no Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS). Neste ensaio, argumenta-se que a Estratégia Saúde da Família (ESF), com suas equipes multiprofissionais e enfoque comunitário e territorial, tem potencial para atuar na abordagem comunitária necessária ao enfrentamento da epidemia. A partir de experiências locais e internacionais, analisa quatro campos de atuação da Atenção Primária à Saúde (APS) no SUS no enfrentamento da Covid-19: vigilância em saúde nos territórios; cuidado individual dos casos confirmados e suspeitos de Covid-19; ação comunitária de apoio aos grupos vulneráveis no território por sua situação de saúde ou social; e continuidade dos cuidados rotineiros da APS. Reconhecem-se limites dessa atuação decorrentes de mudanças recentes na Política Nacional de Atenção Básica que afetam o modelo assistencial da vigilância em saúde. Conclui-se ser necessário ativar os atributos comunitários das equipes multiprofissionais da ESF e do Núcleo de Apoio à Saúde da Família (Nasf); associar-se às iniciativas solidárias das organizações comunitárias e articular-se intersetorialmente para apoiar a população em suas diversas vulnerabilidades; e garantir a continuidade das ações de promoção, prevenção e cuidado, criando novos processos de trabalho na vigilância em saúde, no apoio social e sanitário aos grupos vulneráveis e na continuidade da atenção rotineira para quem dela precisa.

ABSTRAC The focus on individual care for severe cases neglected the community-centered approach required to cope with the Covid-19 pandemic in the Unified Health System (SUS) in Brazil. This essay argues that the Family Health Strategy (ESF), by means of its multi-professional teams and community and territorial orientation, is able to successfully develop the community approach required to deal with the pandemic. Inspired by local and international experiences, this essay analyzes four dimensions regarding SUS’ Primary Health Care (APS) work in the fighting against Covid-19: community-based health surveillance, individual care for confirmed and suspected cases of Covid-19, community mobilization to support vulnerable local groups due to their health or social condition, and continuity of APS care routine. Limitations are acknowledged due to recent changes in the National Policy of Primary Health Care impacting health surveillance care model. The conclusion if for the need to: strengthen the community attributes of APS and Family Health Support Center (Nasf) multi-professional teams; collaborate with community organizations in initiatives of solidarity and articulate in an intersectoral way to back the population in its various weaknesses; guarantee the ongoing promotion, prevention and care actions by creating new working processes for health surveillance, social and health support for vulnerable groups, and for the continuity of the routine care for those in need.