ABSTRACT The article aims to reveal the invisibility of nursing work and the individual and collective strategies established to face the labor risks of attending psychiatric patients in situations of crisis. The theoretical-methodological approach combined ergonomic analysis with ergology contributions, examining in 2012 a team from an emergency unit of a Brazilian public psychiatric hospital composed of 17 nurses and two physicians (the director and medical coordinator of the unit). The results revealed that user care is strongly characterized by teamwork, especially in the confrontation of the knowledge of doctors and nurses, and is often mediated by other professionals such as social workers, administrative staff, and entrance guards. In this way, the health team extends beyond the care staff to include support services as well. It was also evidenced that this construction is effective in day-to-day work and requires skills for cooperation as well as the development of collective abilities.

RESUMEN El artículo tiene por objetivo revelar la invisibilidad del trabajo de enfermería y las estrategias individuales y colectivas instauradas como posibilidades de regulación del personal de enfermería frente al riesgo laboral de asistir al paciente psiquiátrico en situación de crisis. Desde un enfoque teórico metodológico que combinó el análisis ergonómico del trabajo con aportes de la ergología, se investigó y analizó, en 2012, a un equipo del centro de atención de crisis de un hospital público psiquiátrico brasileño, compuesto por 17 enfermeros y dos médicos (director y coordinador del sector). Los resultados revelaron que la asistencia a los usuarios está fuertemente caracterizada por el trabajo en equipo, especialmente en la confrontación de saberes del personal médico y de enfermería, mediada, muchas veces, por la intervención de otros trabajadores como los asistentes sociales, el personal administrativo y el portero. Es decir, el equipo se extiende más allá del cuerpo asistencial involucrando también al servicio de apoyo. Se evidenció también que esa construcción se efectúa en el día a día del trabajo y requiere competencias para la cooperación, además del desarrollo de habilidades colectivas.

ABSTRACT The article aims to reveal the invisibility of nursing work and the individual and collective strategies established to face the labor risks of attending psychiatric patients in situations of crisis. The theoretical-methodological approach combined ergonomic analysis with ergology contributions, examining in 2012 a team from an emergency unit of a Brazilian public psychiatric hospital composed of 17 nurses and two physicians (the director and medical coordinator of the unit). The results revealed that user care is strongly characterized by teamwork, especially in the confrontation of the knowledge of doctors and nurses, and is often mediated by other professionals such as social workers, administrative staff, and entrance guards. In this way, the health team extends beyond the care staff to include support services as well. It was also evidenced that this construction is effective in day-to-day work and requires skills for cooperation as well as the development of collective abilities.

RESUMEN El artículo tiene por objetivo revelar la invisibilidad del trabajo de enfermería y las estrategias individuales y colectivas instauradas como posibilidades de regulación del personal de enfermería frente al riesgo laboral de asistir al paciente psiquiátrico en situación de crisis. Desde un enfoque teórico metodológico que combinó el análisis ergonómico del trabajo con aportes de la ergología, se investigó y analizó, en 2012, a un equipo del centro de atención de crisis de un hospital público psiquiátrico brasileño, compuesto por 17 enfermeros y dos médicos (director y coordinador del sector). Los resultados revelaron que la asistencia a los usuarios está fuertemente caracterizada por el trabajo en equipo, especialmente en la confrontación de saberes del personal médico y de enfermería, mediada, muchas veces, por la intervención de otros trabajadores como los asistentes sociales, el personal administrativo y el portero. Es decir, el equipo se extiende más allá del cuerpo asistencial involucrando también al servicio de apoyo. Se evidenció también que esa construcción se efectúa en el día a día del trabajo y requiere competencias para la cooperación, además del desarrollo de habilidades colectivas.

The knowledge transmission in scientific education demands the formulation of methods capable to insert between student and the study object a nearness, making the student apt to build, from autodidactic posture, solutions that only the professional formation can produce. In this sense, a teaching should develop an effective pedagogy, focusing on knowledge production and its preservation, helping the scientific progress. Guided by these concepts, the educational process can be considered complex and should focus on the quality of the transmitted knowledge, through strategies that ensure the maximum information accessibility. In strictu sensu post-graduation context, some particularities related to the knowledge building and not so only the concepts memorization should have more attention, due to the scientific and teacher training goals. The medicinal chemistry area exhibits the necessity to have a great interlocution with other chemistry disciplines, such as organic chemistry, analytical chemistry and as well as disciplines related to human health. In this sense, the evaluation of learning process becomes, currently, a great challenge for professors that seek to develop the interdisciplinary sense. Considering this reality, in this study, the authors present a classroom experience, where specific competences developed in students of medicinal chemistry discipline was a target of evaluation based on creation of review text. From the results obtained was possible to rethink strategies that can contribute to foster new forms to evaluate the learning process based on competences development.

Este artículo tiene como objetivo identificar los factores que contribuyen a los accidentes en un Centro de Mecanizado CNC (Control Numérico Computarizado) en una empresa metalúrgica. A través de un Análisis Ergonómico del Trabajo (AET), se observaron estrategias de acción y regulación utilizadas por los trabajadores ante las interfaces de trabajo. Los resultados muestran que las limitaciones más evidentes son la imprevisibilidad de servicios, la dificultad de la operación de los equipos, los plazos cortos, la complejidad de configuración de la máquina y los riesgos físicos presentes en el medio ambiente. Tales limitaciones requieren de los operadores habilidades y competencias para poder gestionar diferentes situaciones de trabajo. Los operadores desarrollan entonces estrategias regulatorias a lo largo de la experiencia adquirida en el trabajo, así como vivencias y valores, lo que les permite realizar sus tareas.

Este artigo tem o objetivo de identificar os fatores que contribuem para a ocorrência de acidentes envolvendo um Centro de Usinagem CNC (Comando Numérico Computadorizado) em uma empresa metal-mecânica. Através de uma Análise Ergonômica do Trabalho (AET), foram observadas estratégias de ação e regulação utilizadas pelos trabalhadores para lidar com as interfaces do trabalho. Os resultados mostram que os constrangimentos mais evidentes são: imprevisibilidade de serviços, dificuldade de operação dos instrumentos, prazos curtos, complexidade de configuração da máquina e riscos físicos presentes no ambiente. Verifica-se que tais constrangimentos exigem dos operadores da máquina habilidades e competências para gerir as diferentes situações de trabalho. Para lidar com essas situações, os operadores estabelecem estratégias de regulação desenvolvidas ao longo da experiência adquirida no trabalho, vivência e valores compartilhados os quais possibilitam a execução de suas funções.

Cet article vise à identifier les facteurs qui contribuent à l'occurrence d'accidents au sein d'un centre d'usinage CNC (commande numérique par ordinateur) dans une entreprise de la métallurgie. Grâce à une Analyse Ergonomique du Travail (AET), des stratégies d'action et de régulation ont été observées, utilisées par les travailleurs face aux interfaces de travail. Les résultats montrent que les contraintes les plus évidentes sont : l'imprévisibilité des services, la difficulté d'entendement du fonctionnement des équipements, les délais trop courts, la complexité de la configuration des machines et les risques physiques présents dans l'environnement. Il semble que ces contraintes imposent aux opérateurs des habiletés et des compétences dans la gestion des différentes situations de travail. Pour ce faire, ils développent des stratégies de régulation tout au long de l'expérience qu'ils acquièrent en travaillant et en partageant un quotidien de travail et ses valeurs - ce qui leur permet d'assurer leurs fonctions.

This paper is intended to identify the factors that contribute to accidents involving a CNC (Computerized Numerical Control) Industry Centre in a metalworking company. Through an Ergonomic Work Analysis (AET), it was possible to observe action and regulation strategies used by the workers to deal with the work interfaces. The results show that the most obvious constraints are services unpredictability, difficulty in using instruments, short deadlines, complexity in the machine configuration and physical hazards in the environment. It appears that such constraints require the machine operators certain skills and competencies to manage different work situations. To handle these situations, the operators establish regulatory strategies developed along the experience gained on the job, experience and shared values which make the execution of their duties possible.

Esse artigo tem por objetivo levantar os constrangimentos enfrentados pelos auxiliares e técnicos de enfermagem (AeTE) de uma instituição pediátrica, vinculada a uma fundação estatal, em sua atividade de trabalho e identificar estratégias utilizadas por eles que garantam as metas de produção, a satisfação do trabalhador e a sua autoproteção contra os acidentes de trabalho. Por meio do método da AET, foram utilizados para análise e coleta de dados 34 trabalhadores de enfermagem - nível médio e técnico -, entre efetivos e contratados e, observadas as estratégias de ação e regulação destes trabalhadores frente às interfaces com que lidam. Os resultados mostram que entre os constrangimentos levantados nesta Instituição, os mais evidentes são: a dupla jornada de trabalho, a diversidade de vínculos empregatícios, os riscos a que estes profissionais estão expostos e o não conhecimento do objeto de trabalho. Verifica-se que esses constrangimentos ocasionam uma elevação das cargas de trabalho física, psíquica e cognitiva. Visando reduzir essas cargas de trabalho, o trabalhador tenta criar estratégias que são adquiridas por meio da vivência com o trabalho, das experiências e valores, para se regular frente ao risco no trabalho.

The objective of this study is to analyze the constraints faced by the nursing assistants and technicians in a pediatric clinic sponsored by a state foundation during their work activities and identify the strategies adopted by them in order to guarantee the achievement of their production goals and job satisfaction and ensure their protection against workplace accidents. The method of Ergonomic Work Analysis (EWA) was used for analysis and data collection of 59 tenured and temporary nursing workers with intermediate and technical level of education and to investigate the strategies related to actions and employment regulation concerning the interfaces they deal with. The results show that among the constraints assessed in this institution the most evident are: double shift, diversity of employment contracts (tenure and temporary), risks to which these professionals are exposed, and the lack of knowledge about their object of work. It can be said that these constraints increase physical, psychic, and cognitive workload. Aiming to reduce such workloads, the workers try to develop strategies from their own experience, expertise, and values in order to deal with the risks in the workplace.