Abstract Dimethylacetamide has been included in different extenders for the cryopreservation of semen from species with promising results. The objective of this study was to evaluate the use of dimethylacetamide (DMA) in different concentrations, associated or not with glycerol (GLY), for the cryopreservation of ovine semen, and its effects on in vitro sperm parameters and post-thaw in vivo fertility. Five semen samples of five adult Santa Ines sheep (n=25) were used. The collected ejaculates were divided among the seven treatments for subsequent cryopreservation. The treatments presented different concentrations of DMA and GLY, being divided as G1: GLY 6%; G2: DMA 3%; G3: GLY 5% + DMA 1%; G4: GLY 4% + DMA 2%; G5: GLY 3% + DMA 3%; G6: GLY 2% + DMA 4%; G7: GLY 1% + DMA 5%. %. Post-thawing of the straws, aliquots were evaluated for computerized sperm kinetics (CASA) and plasma membrane integrity, using fluorescent probes and flow cytometry. After the in vitro evaluation of the sperm parameters, in vivo testing was performed by laparoscopic artificial insemination of 72 females. The post-thaw total motility (%) evaluated by CASA were 51.4, 51.4, 50.1, 53.6, 52.3, 52.8 and 46.9, respectively, for the seven groups. And the plasma membrane integrity (%) were 19.7, 28.4, 22.3, 29.4, 24.3, 17.9 and 16.9, respectively. There were no differences (P> 0.05) between the treatments for the parameters of spermatic kinetics and membrane integrity. For females inseminated with semen from the control group (G1, GLY6%), the percentage of pregnant females was 36.1%, a result similar to that obtained with G3 treatment (GLY5% + DMA1%). In conclusion, dimethylacetamide, either alone or in combination with glycerol, can be used for cryopreservation of ovine semen.

Abstract Objective: We aimed to determine whether patent foramen ovale closure reduces the risk of stroke, also assessing some safety outcomes. Introduction: The clinical benefit of closing a patent foramen ovale after a cryptogenic stroke has been an open question for several decades, so that it is necessary to review the current state of published medical data in this regard. Methods: MEDLINE, EMBASE, CENTRAL/CCTR, SciELO, LI-LACS, Google Scholar and reference lists of relevant articles were searched for randomized controlled trials that reported any of the following outcomes: stroke, death, major bleeding or atrial fibrillation. Five studies fulfilled our eligibility criteria and included 3440 patients (1829 for patent foramen ovale closure and 1611 for medical therapy). Results: The risk ratio (RR) for stroke in the "device closure" group compared with the "medical therapy" showed a statistically significant difference between the groups, favouring the "device closure" group (RR 0.400; 95% CI 0.183-0.873, P=0.021). There was no statistically significant difference between the groups regarding the safety outcomes death and major bleeding, but we observed an increase in the risk of atrial fibrillation in the "device closure group (RR 4.000; 95% CI 2.262-7.092, P<0.001). We also observed that the larger the proportion of effective closure, the lower the risk of stroke. Conclusion: This meta-analysis found that stroke rates are lower with percutaneously implanted device closure than with medical therapy alone, being these rates modulated by the rates of effective closure.

Resumo O objetivo do presente estudo foi testar a dimetilacetamida (DMA) em diferentes concentrações, associada ou não ao glicerol (GL), sobre a viabilidade espermática do sêmen ovino congelado. Foram utilizados 10 ejaculados de dois carneiros adultos da raça Santa Inês. Os ejaculados foram divididos em sete grupos experimentais, respeitando o limite máximo de 5% de DMA, sendo eles: GL6%, DMA3%, GL5%+DMA1%, GL4%+DMA2%, GL3%+DMA3%, GL2%+DMA4%, GL1%+DMA5%. Os espermatozoides criopreservados nos diferentes tratamentos foram analisados quanto à cinética subjetiva, integridade estrutural da membrana plasmática (EOS), integridade funcional da membrana plasmática (CO) e morfologia espermática, observando defeitos totais (DT) e defeitos maiores (DM). A motilidade total (MT) e a progressiva (MP) pós-descongelação nos grupos GL5%+DMA1%; GL4%+DMA2% e GL3%+DMA3%, foram semelhantes (P>0,05) ao tratamento controle (GL6%). Destes, o diluidor GL4%+DMA2% foi o único que promoveu a manutenção da MT e MP pós-descongelação, quando comparado com o sêmen in natura (P>0,05). Não foram observadas diferenças significativas (P>0,05) para os parâmetros de EOS, CO, DT e DM nos diferentes grupos avaliados. A dimetilacetamida associada ao glicerol mostrou-se eficaz na manutenção da viabilidade espermática em ovinos, avaliada pós-descongelação. Entretanto, foi observado efeito deletério da DMA nas concentrações mais elevadas ou quando não esteve associada ao glicerol.

Abstract The objective of the present study was to test dimethylacetamide (DMA) at different concentrations, associated or not to glycerol (GL), on the sperm viability of frozen sheep semen. Ten ejaculates of two adult sheep of Santa Ines breed were used. The ejaculates were divided into seven experimental groups, respecting the maximum limit of 5% of DMA: GL6%, DMA3%, GL5%+DMA1%, GL4%+DMA2%, GL3%+DMA3%, GL2%+DMA4%, and GL1%+DMA5%. The sperm cryopreserved in the different treatments was analyzed based on the subjective kinetic, structural integrity of the plasma membrane (EOS), functional integrity of the plasma membrane (OS) and sperm morphology, observing total defects (TD) and major defects (MD). The post-thawed total mortality (TM) and progressive mortality (PM) in the GL5%+DMA1% groups; GL4%+DMA2% and GL3%+DMA3% were similar (P> 0.05) to the control treatment (GL6%). Of these, the diluent GL4%+DMA2% was the only one that promoted the maintenance of post-thawed TM and PM when compared to in natura semen (P> 0.05). No significant differences (P> 0.05) were observed for the EOS, OS, TD and MD parameters, in the different groups evaluated. Dimethylacetamide associated to glycerol were effective in maintaining sperm viability in post-thawed sheep semen. However, a deleterious effect of DMA was observed at the highest concentrations or when it was not associated with glycerol.