The screening of Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) Cry proteins with high potential to control insect pests has been the goal of numerous research groups. In this study, we evaluated six monogenic Bt strains (Bt dendrolimus HD-37, Bt kurstaki HD-1, Bt kurstaki HD-73, Bt thuringiensis 4412, Bt kurstaki NRD-12 and Bt entomocidus 60.5, which codify the cry1Aa, cry1Ab, cry1Ac, cry1Ba, cry1C, cry2A genes respectively) as potential insecticides for the most important insect pests of irrigated rice: Spodoptera frugiperda, Diatraea saccharalis, Oryzophagus oryzae, Oebalus poecilus and Tibraca limbativentris. We also analyzed their compatibility with chemical insecticides (thiamethoxam, labdacyhalothrin, malathion and fipronil), which are extensively used in rice crops. The bioassay results showed that Bt thuringiensis 4412 and Bt entomocidus 60.5 were the most toxic for the lepidopterans, with a 93% and 82% mortality rate for S. frugiperda and D. saccharalis, respectively. For O. oryzae, the Bt kurstaki NRD-12 (64%) and Bt dendrolimus HD-37 (62%) strains were the most toxic. The Bt dendrolimus HD-37 strain also caused high mortality (82%) to O. poecilus, however the strains assessed to T. limbativentris caused a maximum rate of 5%. The assays for the Bt strains interaction with insecticides revealed the compatibility of the six strains with the four insecticides tested. The results from this study showed the high potential of cry1Aa and cry1Ba genes for genetic engineering of rice plants or the strains to biopesticide formulations.

O arroz vermelho (Oryza sativa L.) é considerado a planta daninha que causa mais danos à orizicultura gaúcha. As dificuldades de seu controle químico e o alto grau de infestação das lavouras determinam a necessidade de se desenvolver sistemas de controle cultural. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar os efeitos de densidades de semeadura, espaçamentos entrelinhas e cultivares de arroz irrigado no manejo de arroz vermelho, no rendimento e nas características agronômicas do arroz irrigado no sistema de cultivo mínimo . O experimento foi conduzido a campo na safra 94/95, na Estação Experimental do Arroz do IRGA, em Cachoeirinha, RS. Os tratamentos constaram dos espaçamentos de 13,5; 20 e 30 cm entrelinhas, das densidades de semeadura de 75, 150 e 225 kg/ha e das cultivares de arroz BR-IRGA 410 e IRGA 416. O uso de uma cultivar de maior ciclo e estatura de planta e a elevação da densidade de semeadura associada com menores espaçamentos entrelinhas conferem ao arroz maior competitividade com o arroz vermelho. A utilização de cultivar de ciclo precoce diminui a quantidade de sementes de arroz vermelho que cai ao solo.

Red rice (Oryza sativa L.) is considered the worst weed to the rice crop in the State of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. The difficulty of its chemical control and the high degree of infestation in rice fields determine the necessity of developing systems for cultural control. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of three sowing rates, three row spacings and two irrigated rice cultivars on red rice control, grain yield and agronomic characteristics of irrigated rice under minimum tillage system. The experiment was conducted in 1994/95, at Rice Experimental Station, IRGA, Cachoeirinha/RS. The treatments consisted of row spacings of 13.5, 20 and 30 cm, sowing rates of 75, 150, and 225 kg/ha and cultivars BR-IRGA 410 and IRGA 416. The results indicated that increasing of sowing rate associated with narrowing row spacing in the taller cultivar and higher season, BR-IRGA 410, gave higher competitivity to rice with regard to red rice. The use of early season rice cultivar, IRGA 416, reduced the amount of red rice seed that fallen to the ground.