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BACKGROUND: Entrepreneurship is an important economic driver, and universities are increasingly trying to create an entrepreneurial mindset among their students. This involves nurturing certain personality traits congruent with entrepreneurial intentions, such as inter alia self-esteem, a need for achievement and a risk-taking propensity. AIM: This study aimed to determine the influence of self-esteem and need for achievement on students' risk-taking propensity and, consequent, entrepreneurial intentions. SETTING: This study was conducted on students from two South African universities. METHODS: Data were collected using a self-administered questionnaire distributed via the online platforms of two universities to a sample of 502 students. Data analysis included confirmatory factor analysis and path analysis. RESULTS: Confirmatory factor analysis suggests that the influence of self- esteem and the need for achievement on students' risk-taking propensity and, consequent, entrepreneurial intentions is a four-factor model that is valid and reliable. The path analysis estimates indicate that self-esteem and the need for achievement explain 26% of the variance of students' risk-taking propensity, which, together with its predictors, explains 24% of the variance in their entrepreneurial intentions. CONCLUSION: The findings highlight the importance of a high risk-taking propensity in forging students' entrepreneurial intentions, and the salience of nurturing students' self-esteem and need for achievement in encouraging them to embrace calculated risks. CONTRIBUTION: This study confirms that a high risk-taking propensity is a determinant of students' entrepreneurial intentions and highlights the importance of developing tactics to nurture students' self-esteem and need for achievement in order to enable them to embrace calculated risks

https://doi.org/10.4102/sajesbm.v16i1.753

Coming home: modelling the mating roost of the endangered bat Leptonycteris nivalis
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Torres Knoop, Leonora

; Martínez-Meyer, Enrique

; Medellín, Rodrigo A.

Therya

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2023, Volume 14 N. 1 Pages 63 - 74

Abstract: Es En | Text: Es En | PDF: Es | PDF: En

Resumen El murciélago magueyero mayor (Leptonycteris nivalis) es el murciélago nectarívoro más grande de América y una de las tres especies nectarívoras migratorias de México. Se encuentra catalogada como especie ’En Peligro de Extinción’ en Estados Unidos y como ’Amenazada’ bajo la ley federal mexicana. A pesar de que L. nivalis tiene una amplia distribución en el país, solamente se ha documentado un refugio de apareamiento de esta especie: “La Cueva del Diablo”, localizada en el estado de Morelos, en el centro de México. En 1994, con la participación de investigadores origen mexicano y de Estado Unidos, a través de la USFWS, se elaboró el Plan de Recuperación de L. nivalis, donde se identificaron las acciones más urgentes y necesarias para su recuperación. Dentro de dichas acciones se encuentran la localización y protección de refugios. En este estudio identificamos áreas potenciales de distribución de refugios de apareamiento en el centro de México, realizamos visitas a las zonas predichas por los análisis para confirmar la presencia de L. nivalis y realizamos una evaluación del estado reproductivo de los individuos. Para los análisis realizamos modelos de nicho ecológico utilizando los algoritmos Maxent, Bioclim y GARP y generamos un mapa consenso de las zonas potenciales de distribución. Adicionalmente, realizamos un análisis de distancias euclidanas multidimensionales para identificar las zonas ecológicamente más similares a la “Cueva del Diablo”. Como resultado identificamos áreas potenciales en los estados de Morelos, Puebla y el Estado de México. Visitamos 17 cuevas distribuidas en 10 localidades y encontramos individuos de L. nivalis por dos años consecutivos en la “Cueva de los Coyotes”, localizada en el suroeste del Estado de México. Capturamos 18 individuos en total, incluyendo una hembra preñada. La ubicación de un refugio ocupado por la especie L. nivalis, y particularmente por una hembra preñada, nos permite reflexionar sobre las dinámicas reproductivas de la especie. En ese sentido, las poblaciones reproductivas podrían estarse separando en pequeñas colonias de apareamiento, a parte de “La Cueva del Diablo”, o las hembras preñadas podrían estarse moviendo hacia otros refugios para pasar el resto del inverno. Con el mejoramiento de las técnicas utilizadas en este estudio será posible encontrar y proteger refugios de apareamiento adicionales de L. nivalis.

Abstract The Mexican Long-nosed bat (Leptonycteris nivalis) is the largest nectarivorous species in the New World, and one of three migratory nectarivores in Mexico. It is considered an ‘Endangered Species’ under the U.S. Endangered Species Act and ‘Threatened’ by the Mexican Federal List of Endangered Species. In 1994, a Recovery Plan was developed by the USFWS with the participation of Mexican and American researchers, and the most urgent actions to ensure the species protection were identified. Locating and protecting roosts are among the most urgent tasks recognized. With this study, we aimed to identify the most suitable areas potentially holding additional mating roosts of Leptonycteris nivalis, and we conducted surveys of these areas to confirm its presence, and to assess the reproductive state of individuals. We used Maxent, the Genetic Algorithm for Rule-set Production (GARP), and Bioclim algorithms to generate an agreement map of the potential distribution of additional mating roosts, and we implemented a Euclidian multidimensional distances analysis to identify ecologically similar regions to “La Cueva del Diablo”, the only mating roost known for the species. We identified suitable areas in the states of Morelos, Puebla and the State of Mexico. We visited seventeen caves distributed in ten different localities in these areas. For two consecutive years, we found the species in a cave called: “La Cueva de los Coyotes”, located in the State of Mexico, where we captured eighteen individuals, including a pregnant female. The location of an unknown roost so far, occupied by individuals of L. nivalis, and among them a pregnant female, allows us to reflect about the reproductive dynamics of the species. In that sense, reproductive populations may be splitting into smaller colonies to mate, other than “La Cueva del Diablo”, or pregnant females might me moving to additional and nearby roosts to spend the rest of the winter season. Using these tools and further refinements we may be able to locate additional mating roosts, thus, providing more possibilities for the application of conservation measures for the protection of the species.

https://doi.org/10.12933/therya-23-2231

Physical distance characterization using pedestrian dynamics simulation
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Parisi, D. R.

; Patterson, G. A.

; Pagni, L.

; Osimani, A.

; Bacigalupo, T.

; Godfrid, J.

; Bergagna, F. M.

; Rodriguez Brizi, M.

; Momesso, P.

; Gomez, F. L.

; Lozano, J.

; Baader, J.M.

; Ribas, I.

; Astiz Meyer, F. P.

; Di Luca, M.

; Barrera, N. E.

; Keimel Alvarez, E. M.

; Herran Oyhanarte, M. M.

; Pingarilho, P. R.

; Zuberbuhler, X.

; Gorostiaga, F.

Papers in physics

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jan 2022, Volume 14 Pages 1 - 14

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

Abstract In the present work we study how the number of simulated customers (occupancy) affects social distance in an ideal supermarket, considering realistic typical dimensions and processing times (product selection and checkout). From the simulated trajectories we measure social distance events of less than 2 m, and their duration. Among other observables, we define a physical distance coefficient that informs how many events (of a given duration) each agent experiences.

https://doi.org/10.4279/pip.140001

A systems thinking conceptual model for value creation in the African cement market
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Meyer, J.A.M.

; Pretorius, L.

South African Journal of Industrial Engineering

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nov 2021, Volume 32 N. 3 Pages 10 - 18

Abstract: En Af | Text: En Af | PDF: En | PDF: Af

Cement is the world's most important building material, and it has made Africa, as an emerging market, dependent on the cement industry as a critical tool to promote economic infrastructure growth. Today's challenging economic climate has also made cement producers increasingly dependent on specialists to upgrade, modernise, and maintain their operations. The objective of this research was to evaluate how engineering service organisations operating in Africa currently conduct their business with these cement producers. The research also showed that the literature on systems engineering does not make full use of value engineering concepts. The study identified this lack of collaboration, and proposed a new value engineering systems model that can be used to promote and strengthen the use of engineering services and products in the African cement industry.

Sement is die wêreld se belangrikste boumateriaal, en dit het Afrika, as 'n opkomende mark, afhanklik gemaak van die sementbedryf as 'n kritieke instrument om ekonomiese infrastruktuurgroei te bevorder. Vandag se uitdagende ekonomiese klimaat het sementprodusente ook toenemend afhanklik gemaak van spesialiste om hul bedrywighede op te gradeer, te moderniseer en in stand te hou. Die doel van hierdie navorsing is om te evalueer hoe ingenieursdiensorganisasies wat in Afrika werksaam is tans hul sake met hierdie sementprodusente bedryf. Die navorsing toon dat die literatuur oor stelselingenieurswese nie ten volle gebruik maak van waarde-ingenieurskonsepte nie. Die studie het hierdie gebrek aan samewerking identifiseer en 'n nuwe waarde-ingenieursisteemmodel voorgestel wat gebruik kan word om die gebruik van ingenieursdienste en -produkte in die Afrika-sementbedryf te bevorder en te versterk.

https://doi.org/10.7166/32-3-2608 37 downloads

Excessive red tape is strangling biodiversity research in South Africa
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Alexander, Graham J.

; Tollev, Krystal A.

; Maritz, Bryan

; McKechnie, Andrew

; Manger, Paul

; Thomson, Robert L.

; Schradin, Carsten

; Fuller, Andrea

; Meyer, Leith

; Hetem, Robyn S.

; Cherry, Michael

; Conradie, Werner

; Bauer, Aaron M.

; Maphisa, David

; O'Riain, Justin

; Parker, Daniel M.

; Mlambo, Musa C.

; Bronner, Gary

; Madikiza, Kim

; Engelbrecht, Adriaan

; Lee, Alan T.K.

; van Vuuren, Bettine Jansen

; Mandiwana-Neudani, Tshifhiwa G.

; Pietersen, Darren

; Venter, Jan A.

; Somers, Michael J.

; Slotow, Rob

; Maartin Strauss, W.

; Humphries, Marc S.

; Ryan, Peter G.

; Kerley, Graham I.H.

South African Journal of Science

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oct 2021, Volume 117 N. 9-10 Pages 1 - 4

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

https://doi.org/10.17159/sajs.2021/10787 22 downloads

Reproductive phenology and influence of abiotic variables for two mangrove species in northeastern Brazil
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Lage-Pinto, Frederico

; Fernando, Pedro Silva

; Carletto, Alan Felix Meyer

; Bernini, Elaine

Rodriguésia

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2021, Volume 72 elocation e00392020

Abstract: Pt En | Text: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

Resumo Informações sobre padrões fenológicos das plantas ajudam a entender a estrutura e o funcionamento dos ecossistemas e apóiam projetos de restauração em áreas degradadas. O objetivo deste estudo foi caracterizar a fenologia reprodutiva em indivíduos de Avicennia germinans e Laguncularia racemosa em uma floresta de mangue no estuário do rio Mamanguape, Nordeste do Brasil. O registro foi realizado mensalmente de Julho 2016 a Junho 2017. Aplicamos estatística circular para detectar tendências sazonais, calculamos a sincronia intra-específica e realizamos regressões entre fenofases e variáveis abióticas. Avicennia germinans exibiu respostas sazonais para botões florais, flores em antese e frutos, com um episódio reprodutivo por ano (padrão anual). Laguncularia racemosa não mostrou resposta sazonal, com um episódio por ano para botões florais (padrão anual) e dois episódios para flores em antese e frutos (padrão subanual). As fenofases reprodutivas de A. germinans apresentaram maior sincronia intra-específica do que L. racemosa. Fornecemos evidências de que a temperatura, a radiação solar e a precipitação são fatores importantes para o ritmo da floração em ambas as espécies. Em conclusão, os resultados deste estudo mostraram que as espécies exibiram diferentes respostas fenológicas, mesmo estando submetidas às mesmas condições abióticas.

Abstract Information on plant phenological patterns aids in understanding the structure and functioning of ecosystems and support restoration projects in degraded areas. The aim of this study was to characterize the reproductive phenology of Avicennia germinans and Laguncularia racemosa in a mangrove forest in the Mamanguape River estuary in northeastern Brazil. The characterization was performed monthly from July 2016 to June 2017. We applied circular statistics to detect seasonal trends, calculated intra-specific synchrony, and performed regressions between the reproductive phenophases and the abiotic variables. Avicennia germinans exhibits seasonal responses to floral buds, flowers at anthesis, and fruit, with one reproductive episode per year (annual pattern). Laguncularia racemosa has no seasonal response, with one reproductive episode per year for floral buds (annual pattern) and two episodes for flowers at anthesis and fruits (subannual pattern). Reproductive phenophases of A. germinans exhibited higher intra-specific synchrony than L. racemosa. We provide evidence that temperature, solar radiation and rainfall are important drivers of the flowering rhythm in both species. In conclusion, the results of this study showed that the species exhibited different phenological responses, even though they were subjected to the same abiotic conditions.

https://doi.org/10.1590/2175-7860202172065 47 downloads

Evaluation of two different etorphine doses combined with azaperone in blesbok (Damaliscus pygargus phillipsi) immobilisation
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Gaudio, Eugenio

; Laubscher, Liesel L.

; Meyer, Leith C.R.

; Hoffman, Louwrens C.

; Raath, Jacobus P.

; Pfitzer, Silke

Journal of the South African Veterinary Association

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2021, Volume 92 N. 1 Pages 1 - 8

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

Chemical immobilisation is essential for veterinarians to perform medical procedures in wild African ungulates. Potent opioids combined with neuroleptic drugs are most often used for this purpose. The present study aimed at comparing the quality of immobilisation and effects on physiological variables between a high (high etorphine-azaperone [HE]: 0.09 mg kg-1) and low etorphine dose (low etorphine-azaperone [LE]: 0.05 mg kg-1), both combined with azaperone (0.35 mg kg-1), in 12 adult female boma-acclimatised blesbok. It was hypothesised that a reduction in etorphine's dose in combination with azaperone would result in less cardiorespiratory impairment but likely worsen the quality of immobilisation. Both treatments resulted in rapid induction and recovery times. Overall inter-treatment differences occurred in pulse rate (HE and LE: 52 ± 15 and 44 ± 11 beats minute-1, p < 0.0001), respiratory rate (HE and LE: 15 ± 4 and 17 ± 4 breaths minute-1, p < 0.006), partial pressure of exhaled carbon dioxide (HE and LE: 62.0 ± 5.0 and 60.0 ± 5.6 millimetre of mercury [mmHg], p < 0.028) and arterial carbon dioxide (HE and LE: 58.0 ± 4.5 and 55.0 ± 3.9 mmHg, p < 0.002). Both HE and LE led to bradycardia, hypertension and marked hypoxia to a similar extent. Furthermore, quality of induction, immobilisation and recovery were similar in both treatments. The role of azaperone in the development of cardiorespiratory compromise and gas exchange impairment that occurred when these combinations were used is still unclear. Further studies are recommended to elucidate drug- and dose-specific physiological effects in immobilised antelope.

https://doi.org/10.4102/jsava.v92i0.2161 15 downloads

Inclusão do índice de espaçamento relativo no diagrama de manejo da densidade do povoamento
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Schneider, Paulo Renato

; Schneider, Paulo Sérgio Pigato

; Longhi, Solon Jonas

; Mendes, Junior Oliveira

; Meyer, Evandro Alcir

Ciência Florestal

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sep 2020, Volume 30 N. 3 Pages 669 - 676

Abstract: Pt En | Text: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

Resumo Este estudo teve por objetivo estruturar a produção em volume de povoamentos de Pinus taeda L., através de diagrama de manejo, tomando como base os parâmetros: densidade populacional, altura dominante, diâmetro médio de área basal e índice de espaçamento relativo. Os dados utilizados são oriundos de 128 parcelas permanentes, as quais foram medidas anualmente até aos 18 anos de idade e conduzidas em densidade completa, com espaçamentos de 1,5 x 1,0 m e 1,5 x 2,0 m. Concomitantemente, foram utilizados dados de parcelas permanentes submetidas a diferentes intensidades de desbaste, sendo a densidade regulada pelo índice de espaçamento relativo. O diagrama de manejo elaborado permitiu a prognose do volume por hectare, do diâmetro médio de área basal e da disponibilidade de espaço de crescimento, através do índice de espaçamento relativo, a partir das variáveis altura dominante e número de árvores com precisão e baixo erro de estimativa.

Abstract This study aimed to structure the production in volume of Pinus taeda L. stands, through a management diagram, based on the following parameters: population density, dominant height, average diameter of basal area and relative spacing index. The data used came from 128 permanent plots, which were measured annually up to 18 years of age and conducted at full density, with spacing of 1.5x1.0 m and 1.5x2.0 m. At the same time, data from permanent plots subjected to different thinning intensities were used, and the density was regulated by the relative spacing index. The management diagram elaborated allowed the prognosis of the volume per hectare, the average diameter of the basal area and the availability of growth space, through the relative spacing index, from the variables dominant height and number of trees with precision and low error of estimate.

https://doi.org/10.5902/1980509827219 381 downloads

Relationship between right atrium area and right ventricular ejection fraction on magnetic resonance imaging: comparison with other prognostic markers in patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension
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Mello, Marcelo M.

; Watte, Guilherme

; Altmayer, Stephan

; Pallaoro, Yana L. R.

; Spilimbergo, Fernanda B.

; Blanco, Daniela C.

; Meyer, Gisela M. B.

; Marchiori, Edson

; Hochhegger, Bruno

Radiologia Brasileira

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dec 2019, Volume 52 N. 6 Pages 351 - 355

Abstract: Pt En | Text: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

Resumo Objetivo: Comparar a área do átrio direito (AD) e a fração de ejeção do ventrículo direito (FEVD) com outros marcadores prognósticos conhecidos em pacientes com hipertensão arterial pulmonar (HAP). Materiais e Métodos: Identificamos, retrospectivamente, 74 pacientes com diagnóstico de HAP por cateterismo cardíaco direito em um centro de referência, no período de 3 meses da ressonância magnética cardíaca (RMC), entre janeiro de 2018 e maio de 2018, que também realizaram ecocardiograma, teste de caminhada de 6 minutos e fração N-terminal do pró-peptídio natriurético tipo B (NT-proBNP) dentro de um mês. Foram realizadas correlações entre a FEVD e a área do AD avaliada por RMC com parâmetros como: ecocardiograma, teste de caminhada de 6 minutos e NT-proBNP. Resultados: A correlação entre a área do AD demonstrou correlação fraca com a resistência vascular pulmonar (r = 0,268; p = 0,055) e correlação moderada com NT-proBNP (r = 0,429; p = 0,003). Todas correlações entre parâmetros clínicos e a FEVD foram estatisticamente significantes. Na análise linear univariada, a FEVD apresentou maior correlação com as variáveis de desfecho clínico do que a área do AD. Conclusão: Ambos, FEVD e área AD por RMC, estão correlacionados com marcadores de prognóstico clínico; no entanto, a FEVD apresentou correlações mais fortes e significativas em relação à área do AD.

Abstract Objective: To compare the right atrium (RA) area and right ventricular ejection fraction (RVEF) with other known prognostic markers in patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). Materials and Methods: This was a retrospective study of 74 patients diagnosed with PAH by right heart catheterization at a referral center between January 2018 and May 2018. All of the patients underwent cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) within 3 months of the right heart catheterization (RHC), as well as undergoing echocardiography, a 6-minute walk test, and determination of the level of N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) within a month of the RHC. We attempted to determine whether the cardiac MRI-derived RA area correlated with ions between RVEF and RA area measured by that determined by echocardiography, as well as whether the cardiac MRI-derived RA area and RVEF correlated with the 6-minute walk distance and NT-proBNP level. Results: The MRI-derived RA area demonstrated a weak correlation with the pulmonary vascular resistance measured by RHC (r = 0.268; p = 0.055) and a moderate correlation with the NT-proBNP (r = 0.429; p = 0.003). All correlations between clinical characteristics and the RVEF were statistically significant. In the univariate linear analysis, the RVEF showed stronger correlations with the clinical characteristics than did the RA area. Conclusion: In patients with PAH, cardiac MRI-derived RVEF appears to correlate more strongly with other prognostic factors than does RA area.

https://doi.org/10.1590/0100-3984.2018.0128 909 downloads

10.

Examining individual risk-taking in Leontopithecus caissara (Primates, Callitrichidae): group order when arriving at and departing from sleeping sites
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Moro-Rios, Rodrigo F

; Meyer, Andreas L. S

; Silva-Pereira, José E

; Ludwig, Gabriela

Mastozoología neotropical

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dec 2018, Volume 25 N. 2 Pages 479 - 483

Abstract: Pt En Es | Text: Pt En Es | PDF: Pt | PDF: En | PDF: Es

Grupos de primatas se deslocam em fila de maneira que cada indivíduo se encontra exposto a um risco de predação diferenciado de acordo com o lugar ocupado por ele. Nós registramos os eventos de chegada e saída do sítio de dormida de um grupo de Leontopithecus caissara de maneira a investigar quais indivíduos do grupo ocupam a posição de maior risco na fila. Nossos resultados demonstram o macho dominante como sendo o indivíduo a ocupar a posição de maior risco na maioria das ocasiões. Assim, o macho adulto dominante assumiu maiores riscos e um papel destacado no comportamento anti-predatório de maneira a criar benefícios diretos ao indivíduo subordinado que permaneceu no grupo em tal condição.

Monkey groups travel in line, exposing individuals to differential risks according to their position. We recorded events of arriving and departing from the sleeping site in a group of Leontopithecus caissara to investigate how the highest risk position is shared among group-mates during those events. We found the dominant male was the first to arrive and depart from the tree hole on most occasions. This finding suggests that the dominant adult male assumed higher risks and played a differential role in predator defense, possibly creating direct benefits for subordinate individuals to stay in the group.

133 downloads

11.

Reliability of Thyroid Imaging Reporting and Data System (TI-RADS), and ultrasonographic classification of the American Thyroid Association (ATA) in differentiating benign from malignant thyroid nodules
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Macedo, Bruno Mussoi de

; Izquierdo, Rogério F.

; Golbert, Lenara

; Meyer, Erika L. Souza

Archives of Endocrinology and Metabolism

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mar 2018, Volume 62 N. 2 Pages 131 - 138

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

ABSTRACT Objective Ultrasonography (US) is the best diagnostic tool for initial assessment of thyroid nodule. Recently, data reporting systems for thyroid lesions, such as the Thyroid Imaging Reporting and Data System (TI-RADS) and American Thyroid Association (ATA), which stratifies the risk for malignancy, have demonstrated good performance in differentiating malignant thyroid nodules. The purpose of this study is to determine the reliability of both data reporting systems in predicting thyroid malignancy in a tertiary care hospital. Materials and methods We evaluated 195 thyroid nodules using modified TI-RADS and ATA risk stratification. The results were compared to the cyto-pathology analysis. Histopathological results were available for 45 cases after surgery, which is considered the golden standard for diagnosis of thyroid cancer. Results When compared with cytological results, sensitivity, specificity, negative predictive value (NPV), and accuracy were 100, 61.1, 100, and 63%, respectively, for TI-RADS; and 100, 75, 100, and 76%, respectively, for ATA. When compared with histopathological results, sensitivity, specificity, NPV, and accuracy were 90, 51.4, 94.7, and 60% respectively, for TI-RADS; and 100, 60, 100, and 68%, respectively, for ATA. All patients with malignant nodules were classified in the categories 4 or 5 of TI-RADS and in the intermediate or high suspicion risk according to the ATA system. Conclusion Both TI-RADS and the ATA guidelines have high sensitivity and NPV for the diagnosis of thyroid carcinoma. These systems are feasible for clinical application, allowing to better select patients to undergo fine-needle aspiration biopsies.

https://doi.org/10.20945/2359-3997000000018 4877 downloads

12.

Determinação de valores de referência séricos para os eletrólitos magnésio, cloretos, cálcio e fósforo em ovinos das raças Dorper e Santa Inês
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Souza, Bianca C.

; Sena, Ludmilla S.

; Loureiro, Dan

; Raynal, José T.

; Sousa, Thiago J.

; Bastos, Bruno L.

; Meyer, Roberto

; Portela, Ricardo W.

Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira

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mar 2016, Volume 36 N. 3 Pages 167 - 173

Abstract: Pt En | Text: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

Resumo: A ovinocultura no Brasil é uma atividade em grande expansão e, com o aumento da demanda mundial por carne ovina, aumentou-se o interesse no monitoramento da sanidade do rebanho, utilizando diversas ferramentas como auxiliares no diagnóstico clínico, tais como os intervalos de referência séricos. Os elementos minerais constituem 2 a 5,5% do corpo dos vertebrados, exercendo diversas funções no organismo. O objetivo deste trabalho foi obter intervalos de referência para os eletrólitos magnésio, fósforo, cloreto e cálcio para ovinos das raças Dorper e Santa Inês. Foram coletados soros de 487 animais clinicamente sadios, sendo 146 da raça Dorper e 341 da raça Santa Inês. Os eletrólitos foram mensurados utilizando-se kits comerciais. Os dados foram analisados quanto à raça, sexo e idade, e os intervalos de referência determinados. Os resultados revelaram diferenças significativas nos intervalos de referência obtidos para os eletrólitos cálcio e magnésio na variável raça, e para o eletrólito fósforo na variável faixa etária e, quando confrontados com valores de referência já publicados, comprovou-se a existência de diferença estatística significativa entre os mesmos em todos os analitos estudados.

Abstract: The sheep industry in Brazil is an important economic activity, and with the increasing global demand for sheep meat there is a great interest in the monitoring of the herd health, and serum reference ranges are basic tools for veterinary clinical pathology assays. Mineral elements correspond to 2-5.5% of the body of vertebrates, holding different functions in their physiology. The objective of this study was to obtain reference intervals of the electrolytes magnesium, phosphorus, chloride and calcium for the Dorper and Saint Ines sheep breeds. Sera samples were collected from 487 clinically healthy sheep, 146 from Dorper and 341 from Santa Ines breed. Electrolytes were measured using commercial kits. Data were analyzed taking the race, sex and age variables in account, and reference ranges were established. The results revealed significant statistical differences in reference ranges obtained for the electrolytes calcium and magnesium concerning the variable race, and for the electrolyte phosphorus in the variable age and, when compared with reference values already published, proved the existence of significant differences.

https://doi.org/10.1590/S0100-736X2016000300004 7229 downloads

13.

Prevalence of intestinal helminths, anemia, and malnutrition in Paucartambo, Peru
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Cabada, Miguel M.

; Goodrich, Mary R.

; Graham, Brittany

; Villanueva-Meyer, Pablo G.

; Deichsel, Emily L.

; Lopez, Martha

; Arque, Eulogia

; Clinton White, Jr., A.

Revista Panamericana de Salud Pública

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feb 2015, Volume 37 N. 2 Pages 69 - 75

Abstract: En Es | Text: En Es | PDF: En | PDF: Es

Objective. To evaluate the prevalence of soil-transmitted helminth infections, anemia, and malnutrition among children in the Paucartambo province of Cusco region, Peru, in light of demographic, socio-economic, and epidemiologic contextual factors. Methods. Children from three to twelve years old from six communities in Huancarani district in the highlands of Peru were evaluated for helminth infections, anemia, and nutritional status. Data collected included demographic variables, socioeconomic status, exposures, complete blood counts, and direct and sedimentation stool tests. Results. Of 240 children analyzed, 113 (47%) were infected with one or more parasites. Giardia (27.5%) and Fasciola (9.6%) were the most commonly identified organisms. Eosinophilia was encountered in 21% of the children. Anemia (48.8%) was associated with age (3-4 vs 5-12 years old; odds ratio (OR): 5.86; 95% confidence interval (CI): 2.81-12.21). Underweight (10%) was associated with male sex (OR: 5.97; CI: 1.12-31.72), higher eosinophil count (OR: 4.67; CI: 1.31-16.68) and education of the mother (OR: 0.6; CI: 0.4-0.9). Stunting (31.3%) was associated with education of the mother (OR: 0.83; CI: 0.72-0.95); wasting (2.7%) was associated with higher eosinophil count (OR: 2.75; CI: 1.04-7.25). Conclusions. Anemia and malnutrition remain significant problems in the Peruvian highlands. These findings suggest that demographic factors, socio-economic status, and possibly parasitic infections intertwine to cause these health problems.

Objetivo. Evaluar la prevalencia de geohelmintiasis, anemia y desnutrición en los niños de la provincia de Paucartambo (departamento de Cusco, Perú), teniendo en cuenta los factores contextuales demográficos, socioeconómicos y epidemiológicos. Métodos. Se determinó la presencia de helmintiasis y anemia y el estado nutricional de niños de 3 a 12 años de edad de seis comunidades del distrito de Huancarani, en la sierra peruana. Se documentaron las variables demográficas, el nivel socioeconómico, la exposición, los hemogramas y pruebas de observación directa y de sedimentación de parásitos en materia fecal. Resultados. De los 240 niños estudiados, 113 (47%) estaban infectados por uno o más parásitos. Los organismos encontrados con mayor frecuencia fueron de los géneros Giardia (27,5%) y Fasciola (9,6%). El 21% de los niños presentaban eosinofilia. La anemia (48,8%) se asoció con la edad (3-4 años frente a 5-12 años; razón de posibilidades [OR]: 5,86; intervalo de confianza [IC] de 95%: 2,81-12,21). El peso inferior al normal (10%) se asoció con el sexo masculino (OR: 5,97; IC: 1,12-31,72), con un recuento de eosinófilos más alto (OR: 4,67; IC: 1,31-16,68) y con el nivel educativo de la madre (OR: 0,6; IC: 0,4-0,9). El retraso del crecimiento (31,3%) se asoció con el nivel educativo de la madre (OR: 0,83; IC: 0,72-0,95), y la emaciación (2,7%) se asoció con un recuento de eosinófilos más alto (OR: 2,75; IC: 1,04-7,25). Conclusiones. La anemia y la desnutrición siguen siendo problemas importantes en la sierra peruana. Estos resultados sugieren que estas enfermedades se deben a una interacción de los factores demográficos, el nivel socioeconómico y, posiblemente, las parasitosis.

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14.

Effects of niacin supplementation (40 weeks) and two dietary levels of concentrate on performance, blood and fatty acid profiles of dairy cattle
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Rauls, C.

; Meyer, U.

; Hüther, L.

; von Soosten, D.

; Kinoshita, A.

; Rehage, J.

; Breves, G.

; Dänicke, S.

South African Journal of Animal Science

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2015, Volume 45 N. 4 Pages 395 - 410

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

The present study was conducted to investigate the effects of 24 g niacin (nicotinic acid (NA)) supplementation over 40 weeks with two forage-to-concentrate ratios (60% concentrate vs. 30% in the total diet) on performance variables of energy metabolism such as plasma concentrations of non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA), beta-hydroxybutyrate (BHB), glucose and nicotinamide (NAM), and the fatty acid profile in rumen fluid. In a 2 x 2 factorial design, 64 German Holstein cows were divided postpartum into four dietary groups: i) 60% concentrate supplemented with 24 g NA (Group 60 + NA); ii) 60% concentrate without NA (Group 60-); iii) 30% concentrate with 24 g NA (Group 30 + NA) and iv) 30% concentrate without NA (Group 30-). The experiment started on the day of calving and continued for 40 weeks. Niacin supplementation did not affect milk yield or composition. The plasma niacin content increased in the supplemented groups, especially Group 30 + NA. Niacin supplementation led to decreased plasma glucose concentrations. The interaction of concentrate x niacin enhanced the molar proportion of propionic acid in rumen fluid in Group 60 + NA. Total short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) concentrations were increased by level of concentrate, niacin supplementation and the interaction, concentrate x niacin. Plasma levels of NEFA and BHB remained unaffected. In sum, concentrate level, niacin supplementation and the interaction of concentrate x niacin increased plasma NAM concentration, whereas plasma glucose concentration was decreased by niacin supplementation.

https://doi.org/10.4314/SAJAS.V45I4.6 901 downloads

15.

Características del cibario y órganos genitales internos en la identificación de Lutzomyia longipalpis hembra
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Llano, E.G

; Maidana, H.R

; Cabrera, W.R

; Báez, A.D

; Meyer, S.N

Revista veterinaria

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jun 2014, Volume 25 N. 1 Pages 61 - 63

Abstract: En Es | Text: En Es | PDF: En | PDF: Es

Canine leishmaniasis epidemic control requires to accurately establish the existence of the vector for a considered region. The phlebotomus Lutzomyia longipalpis is the transmitter of the canine visceral leishmaniasis. Since other species of phlebotomus of the same genus exist in Northeastern Argentina, the aim of this investigation was to verify the effectiveness of some microscopic anatomic descriptors to verify the presence of females L. longipalpis. From 63 descriptors available for this purpose, some regarding the head (cibario and antenna) and low abdominal region (internal genital) of the insect, were selected. These descriptors are the most outstanding and feasible, allowing a quick and accurate identification of the phlebotomus. This information might be useful for leishmaniasis epizoothiological control.

El control epidemiológico de la leishmaniosis canina requiere establecer fehacientemente la existencia del vector de la enfermedad. El flebótomo Lutzomyia longipalpis es el transmisor de la leishmaniosis visceral del perro. Dado que en el nordeste argentino existen otras especies de flebótomos del mismo género, la presente investigación tuvo como objetivo verificar la eficacia de algunos descriptores anatómicos microscópicos para constatar la presencia de hembras de L. longipalpis. De los 63 descriptores aptos para este fin, se seleccionaron algunos ubicados en la cabeza del insecto (cibario y antena) y en la región abdominal caudal (genitales internos). Estos descriptores se revelaron como los más relevantes y factibles de ser distinguidos, permitiendo una rápida y segura identificación del flebótomo. Se espera que esta información resulte útil para los encargados del control epizootiológico de la leishmaniosis.

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