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1.
The impact of laparoscopic gynecological surgery training on the technicity index of a developing country center
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Spadoto-Dias, Daniel
; Bueloni-Dias, Flávia Neves
; Modotti, Waldir Pereira
; França, Maria Laura Marconi
; Chihara, Rodrigo Takeshi
; Chauvet, Pauline
; Rabischong, Benoit
; Botchorishvili, Revaz
; Bourdel, Nicolas
; Canis, Michel
.
ABSTRACT Purpose: To compare laparoscopic gynecological surgery training between a developed country’s reference center (host center) and a public reference service in a developing country (home center), and use the technicity index (TI) to compare outcomes and to determine the impact of laparoscopic gynecological surgery fellowship training on the home center’s TI. Methods: The impact of training on the home center was assessed by comparing surgical performance before and after training. TI was assessed in 2017 in the host center, and before and after training in the home center. Epidemiological and clinical data, and information on reason for surgery, preoperative images, estimated intraoperative bleeding, operative time, surgical specimen weight, hospital stay length, complication and reintervention rates were collected from both institutions. Home center pre-training data were retrospectively collected between 2010 and 2013, while post-training data were prospectively collected between 2015 and 2017. A two-tail Z-score was used for TI comparison. Results: The analysis included 366 hysterectomies performed at the host center in 2017, and 663 hysterectomies performed at the home center between 2015 and 2017. TI in the host center was 82.5%, while in the home center it was 6% before training and 22% after training. There were no statistical differences in length of hospital stay, preoperative uterine volume, surgical specimen weight and complication rate between centers. However, significantly shorter mean operative time and lower blood loss during surgery were observed in the host center. Conclusions: High-quality laparoscopic training in a world-renowned specialized center allowed standardizing laparoscopic hysterectomy procedures and helped to significantly improve TI in the recipient’s center with comparable surgical outcomes.
2.
Complications of laparoscopic sacropexy: as harmless as they seem?
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Campos, Sara
; Billone, Valentina
; Durão, Marta
; Beguinot, Marie
; Bourdel, Nicolas
; Rabischong, Benoît
; Canis, Michel
; Botchorishvili, Revaz
.
Overview and aims: To analyze all patients needing surgical treatment for complications related to laparoscopic sacropexy and their clinical management. Study Design: Case series. Population: All women submitted to surgical treatment of complications related to laparoscopic sacropexy for pelvic organ prolapse treatment on a tertiary referral center (university hospital), from January 1998 to December 2013. Methods: Retrospective analysis of the patients' clinical records. Results: Thirty-three patients were submitted to surgery due to complications related to the procedure, some more than once, with more than one complication registered. There were 6 general surgical complications (2 hematomas, 2 peritonitis, 1 mechanical bowel obstruction due to small bowel incarceration and 1 vaginal wall necrosis) and 34 mesh related complications (27 vaginal mesh exposures, 4 periprosthetic abscesses, 1 vesicovaginal fistula, 1 rectovaginal fistula and 1 posterior mesh retraction). Mean time between prolapse surgery and the first surgery for complication treatment was 18.2 ± 25.3 months (3 days - 131 months). The average number of surgeries needed was 1.8 ± 1.5(1- 6). Conclusions: Surgeons should be aware of the risk factors for complications. Longterm complications should not be neglected. After a mesh placement, patients are at risk for requiring multiple surgeries to resolve complications, which can be challenging, ineffective and expose patient to new ones.
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3.
PARTIÇÃO DE PROTEÍNAS DE SORO DE LEITE EM SISTEMAS AQUOSOS BIFÁSICOS BASEADOS EM LÍQUIDOS IÔNICOS
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Michel, Benôit
; Neves, Mateus Tomaz
; Sousa, Rita de Cássia Superbi de
; Chagas, Marcelo Martins das
; Martins, Bruna Amaral
; Coimbra, Jane Sélia dos Reis
.
In this work, we used an aqueous two-phase system (ATPS) consisting of the ionic liquid [C4mim][Cl] and the salt K2HPO4 to partition α-lactalbumin, β-lactoglobulin, and lactoferrin whey proteins. Extraction efficiency values above 87% indicate that the proteins primarily migrated to the ionic liquid-rich phase (top phase). Partition coefficient values ranged from 6.17 to 8.93 for a-lactalbumin, from 22.80 to 34.55 for β-lactoglobulin, and from 26.46 to 40.06 for lactoferrin. Therefore, the saline ATPS with the ionic liquid examined in this study can be considered to be a promising alternative for extracting whey proteins.
https://doi.org/10.5935/0100-4042.20150123
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4.
Growing knowledge: an overview of Seed Plant diversity in Brazil
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Zappi, Daniela C.
; Filardi, Fabiana L. Ranzato
; Leitman, Paula
; Souza, Vinícius C.
; Walter, Bruno M.T.
; Pirani, José R.
; Morim, Marli P.
; Queiroz, Luciano P.
; Cavalcanti, Taciana B.
; Mansano, Vidal F.
; Forzza, Rafaela C.
; Abreu, Maria C.
; Acevedo-Rodríguez, Pedro
; Agra, Maria F.
; Almeida Jr., Eduardo B.
; Almeida, Gracineide S.S.
; Almeida, Rafael F.
; Alves, Flávio M.
; Alves, Marccus
; Alves-Araujo, Anderson
; Amaral, Maria C.E.
; Amorim, André M.
; Amorim, Bruno
; Andrade, Ivanilza M.
; Andreata, Regina H.P.
; Andrino, Caroline O.
; Anunciação, Elisete A.
; Aona, Lidyanne Y.S.
; Aranguren, Yani
; Aranha Filho, João L.M.
; Araújo, Andrea O.
; Araújo, Ariclenes A.M.
; Araújo, Diogo
; Arbo, María M.
; Assis, Leandro
; Assis, Marta C.
; Assunção, Vivian A.
; Athiê-Souza, Sarah M.
; Azevedo, Cecilia O.
; Baitello, João B.
; Barberena, Felipe F.V.A.
; Barbosa, Maria R.V.
; Barros, Fábio
; Barros, Lucas A.V.
; Barros, Michel J.F.
; Baumgratz, José F.A.
; Bernacci, Luis C.
; Berry, Paul E.
; Bigio, Narcísio C.
; Biral, Leonardo
; Bittrich, Volker
; Borges, Rafael A.X.
; Bortoluzzi, Roseli L.C.
; Bove, Cláudia P.
; Bovini, Massimo G.
; Braga, João M.A.
; Braz, Denise M.
; Bringel Jr., João B.A.
; Bruniera, Carla P.
; Buturi, Camila V.
; Cabral, Elza
; Cabral, Fernanda N.
; Caddah, Mayara K.
; Caires, Claudenir S.
; Calazans, Luana S.B.
; Calió, Maria F.
; Camargo, Rodrigo A.
; Campbell, Lisa
; Canto-Dorow, Thais S.
; Carauta, Jorge P.P.
; Cardiel, José M.
; Cardoso, Domingos B.O.S.
; Cardoso, Leandro J.T.
; Carneiro, Camila R.
; Carneiro, Cláudia E.
; Carneiro-Torres, Daniela S.
; Carrijo, Tatiana T.
; Caruzo, Maria B.R.
; Carvalho, Maria L.S.
; Carvalho-Silva, Micheline
; Castello, Ana C.D.
; Cavalheiro, Larissa
; Cervi, Armando C.
; Chacon, Roberta G.
; Chautems, Alain
; Chiavegatto, Berenice
; Chukr, Nádia S.
; Coelho, Alexa A.O.P.
; Coelho, Marcus A.N.
; Coelho, Rubens L.G.
; Cordeiro, Inês
; Cordula, Elizabeth
; Cornejo, Xavier
; Côrtes, Ana L.A.
; Costa, Andrea F.
; Costa, Fabiane N.
; Costa, Jorge A.S.
; Costa, Leila C.
; Costa-e-Silva, Maria B.
; Costa-Lima, James L.
; Cota, Maria R.C.
; Couto, Ricardo S.
; Daly, Douglas C.
; De Stefano, Rodrigo D.
; De Toni, Karen
; Dematteis, Massimiliano
; Dettke, Greta A.
; Di Maio, Fernando R.
; Dórea, Marcos C.
; Duarte, Marília C.
; Dutilh, Julie H.A.
; Dutra, Valquíria F.
; Echternacht, Lívia
; Eggers, Lilian
; Esteves, Gerleni
; Ezcurra, Cecilia
; Falcão Junior, Marcus J.A.
; Feres, Fabíola
; Fernandes, José M.
; Ferreira, D.M.C.
; Ferreira, Fabrício M.
; Ferreira, Gabriel E.
; Ferreira, Priscila P.A.
; Ferreira, Silvana C.
; Ferrucci, Maria S.
; Fiaschi, Pedro
; Filgueiras, Tarciso S.
; Firens, Marcela
; Flores, Andreia S.
; Forero, Enrique
; Forster, Wellington
; Fortuna-Perez, Ana P.
; Fortunato, Reneé H.
; Fraga, Cléudio N.
; França, Flávio
; Francener, Augusto
; Freitas, Joelcio
; Freitas, Maria F.
; Fritsch, Peter W.
; Furtado, Samyra G.
; Gaglioti, André L.
; Garcia, Flávia C.P.
; Germano Filho, Pedro
; Giacomin, Leandro
; Gil, André S.B.
; Giulietti, Ana M.
; A.P.Godoy, Silvana
; Goldenberg, Renato
; Gomes da Costa, Géssica A.
; Gomes, Mário
; Gomes-Klein, Vera L.
; Gonçalves, Eduardo Gomes
; Graham, Shirley
; Groppo, Milton
; Guedes, Juliana S.
; Guimarães, Leonardo R.S.
; Guimarães, Paulo J.F.
; Guimarães, Elsie F.
; Gutierrez, Raul
; Harley, Raymond
; Hassemer, Gustavo
; Hattori, Eric K.O.
; Hefler, Sonia M.
; Heiden, Gustavo
; Henderson, Andrew
; Hensold, Nancy
; Hiepko, Paul
; Holanda, Ana S.S.
; Iganci, João R.V.
; Imig, Daniela C.
; Indriunas, Alexandre
; Jacques, Eliane L.
; Jardim, Jomar G.
; Kamer, Hiltje M.
; Kameyama, Cíntia
; Kinoshita, Luiza S.
; Kirizawa, Mizué
; Klitgaard, Bente B.
; Koch, Ingrid
; Koschnitzke, Cristiana
; Krauss, Nathália P.
; Kriebel, Ricardo
; Kuntz, Juliana
; Larocca, João
; Leal, Eduardo S.
; Lewis, Gwilym P.
; Lima, Carla T.
; Lima, Haroldo C.
; Lima, Itamar B.
; Lima, Laíce F.G.
; Lima, Laura C.P.
; Lima, Leticia R.
; Lima, Luís F.P.
; Lima, Rita B.
; Lírio, Elton J.
; Liro, Renata M.
; Lleras, Eduardo
; Lobão, Adriana
; Loeuille, Benoit
; Lohmann, Lúcia G.
; Loiola, Maria I.B.
; Lombardi, Julio A.
; Longhi-Wagner, Hilda M.
; Lopes, Rosana C.
; Lorencini, Tiago S.
; Louzada, Rafael B.
; Lovo, Juliana
; Lozano, Eduardo D.
; Lucas, Eve
; Ludtke, Raquel
; Luz, Christian L.
; Maas, Paul
; Machado, Anderson F.P.
; Macias, Leila
; Maciel, Jefferson R.
; Magenta, Mara A.G.
; Mamede, Maria C.H.
; Manoel, Evelin A.
; Marchioretto, Maria S.
; Marques, Juliana S.
; Marquete, Nilda
; Marquete, Ronaldo
; Martinelli, Gustavo
; Martins da Silva, Regina C.V.
; Martins, Ângela B.
; Martins, Erika R.
; Martins, Márcio L.L.
; Martins, Milena V.
; Martins, Renata C.
; Matias, Ligia Q.
; Maya-L., Carlos A.
; Mayo, Simon
; Mazine, Fiorella
; Medeiros, Debora
; Medeiros, Erika S.
; Medeiros, Herison
; Medeiros, João D.
; Meireles, José E.
; Mello-Silva, Renato
; Melo, Aline
; Melo, André L.
; Melo, Efigênia
; Melo, José I.M.
; Menezes, Cristine G.
; Menini Neto, Luiz
; Mentz, Lilian A.
; Mezzonato, A.C.
; Michelangeli, Fabián A.
; Milward-de-Azevedo, Michaele A.
; Miotto, Silvia T.S.
; Miranda, Vitor F.O.
; Mondin, Cláudio A.
; Monge, Marcelo
; Monteiro, Daniele
; Monteiro, Raquel F.
; Moraes, Marta D.
; Moraes, Pedro L.R.
; Mori, Scott A.
; Mota, Aline C.
; Mota, Nara F.O.
; Moura, Tania M.
; Mulgura, Maria
; Nakajima, Jimi N.
; Nardy, Camila
; Nascimento Júnior, José E.
; Noblick, Larry
; Nunes, Teonildes S.
; O'Leary, Nataly
; Oliveira, Arline S.
; Oliveira, Caetano T.
; Oliveira, Juliana A.
; Oliveira, Luciana S.D.
; Oliveira, Maria L.A.A.
; Oliveira, Regina C.
; Oliveira, Renata S.
; Oliveira, Reyjane P.
; Paixão-Souza, Bruno
; Parra, Lara R.
; Pasini, Eduardo
; Pastore, José F.B.
; Pastore, Mayara
; Paula-Souza, Juliana
; Pederneiras, Leandro C.
; Peixoto, Ariane L.
; Pelissari, Gisela
; Pellegrini, Marco O.O.
; Pennington, Toby
; Perdiz, Ricardo O.
; Pereira, Anna C.M.
; Pereira, Maria S.
; Pereira, Rodrigo A.S.
; Pessoa, Clenia
; Pessoa, Edlley M.
; Pessoa, Maria C.R.
; Pinto, Luiz J.S.
; Pinto, Rafael B.
; Pontes, Tiago A.
; Prance, Ghillean T.
; Proença, Carolyn
; Profice, Sheila R.
; Pscheidt, Allan C.
; Queiroz, George A.
; Queiroz, Rubens T.
; Quinet, Alexandre
; Rainer, Heimo
; Ramos, Eliana
; Rando, Juliana G.
; Rapini, Alessandro
; Reginato, Marcelo
; Reis, Ilka P.
; Reis, Priscila A.
; Ribeiro, André R.O.
; Ribeiro, José E.L.S.
; Riina, Ricarda
; Ritter, Mara R.
; Rivadavia, Fernando
; Rocha, Antônio E.S.
; Rocha, Maria J.R.
; Rodrigues, Izabella M.C.
; Rodrigues, Karina F.
; Rodrigues, Rodrigo S.
; Rodrigues, Rodrigo S.
; Rodrigues, Vinícius T.
; Rodrigues, William
; Romaniuc Neto, Sérgio
; Romão, Gerson O.
; Romero, Rosana
; Roque, Nádia
; Rosa, Patrícia
; Rossi, Lúcia
; Sá, Cyl F.C.
; Saavedra, Mariana M.
; Saka, Mariana
; Sakuragui, Cássia M.
; Salas, Roberto M.
; Sales, Margareth F.
; Salimena, Fatima R.G.
; Sampaio, Daniela
; Sancho, Gisela
; Sano, Paulo T.
; Santos, Alessandra
; Santos, Élide P.
; Santos, Juliana S.
; Santos, Marianna R.
; Santos-Gonçalves, Ana P.
; Santos-Silva, Fernanda
; São-Mateus, Wallace
; Saraiva, Deisy P.
; Saridakis, Dennis P.
; Sartori, Ângela L.B.
; Scalon, Viviane R.
; Schneider, Ângelo
; Sebastiani, Renata
; Secco, Ricardo S.
; Senna, Luisa
; Senna-Valle, Luci
; Shirasuna, Regina T.
; Silva Filho, Pedro J.S.
; Silva, Anádria S.
; Silva, Christian
; Silva, Genilson A.R.
; Silva, Gisele O.
; Silva, Márcia C.R.
; Silva, Marcos J.
; Silva, Marcos J.
; Silva, Otávio L.M.
; Silva, Rafaela A.P.
; Silva, Saura R.
; Silva, Tania R.S.
; Silva-Gonçalves, Kelly C.
; Silva-Luz, Cíntia L.
; Simão-Bianchini, Rosângela
; Simões, André O.
; Simpson, Beryl
; Siniscalchi, Carolina M.
; Siqueira Filho, José A.
; Siqueira, Carlos E.
; Siqueira, Josafá C.
; Smith, Nathan P.
; Snak, Cristiane
; Soares Neto, Raimundo L.
; Soares, Kelen P.
; Soares, Marcos V.B.
; Soares, Maria L.
; Soares, Polyana N.
; Sobral, Marcos
; Sodré, Rodolfo C.
; Somner, Genise V.
; Sothers, Cynthia A.
; Sousa, Danilo J.L.
; Souza, Elnatan B.
; Souza, Élvia R.
; Souza, Marcelo
; Souza, Maria L.D.R.
; Souza-Buturi, Fátima O.
; Spina, Andréa P.
; Stapf, María N.S.
; Stefano, Marina V.
; Stehmann, João R.
; Steinmann, Victor
; Takeuchi, Cátia
; Taylor, Charlotte M.
; Taylor, Nigel P.
; Teles, Aristônio M.
; Temponi, Lívia G.
; Terra-Araujo, Mário H.
; Thode, Veronica
; Thomas, W.Wayt
; Tissot-Squalli, Mara L.
; Torke, Benjamin M.
; Torres, Roseli B.
; Tozzi, Ana M.G.A.
; Trad, Rafaela J.
; Trevisan, Rafael
; Trovó, Marcelo
; Valls, José F.M.
; Vaz, Angela M.S.F.
; Versieux, Leonardo
; Viana, Pedro L.
; Vianna Filho, Marcelo D.M.
; Vieira, Ana O.S.
; Vieira, Diego D.
; Vignoli-Silva, Márcia
; Vilar, Thaisa
; Vinhos, Franklin
; Wallnöfer, Bruno
; Wanderley, Maria G.L.
; Wasshausen, Dieter
; Watanabe, Maurício T.C.
; Weigend, Maximilian
; Welker, Cassiano A.D.
; Woodgyer, Elizabeth
; Xifreda, Cecilia C.
; Yamamoto, Kikyo
; Zanin, Ana
; Zenni, Rafael D.
; Zickel, Carmem S
.
Resumo Um levantamento atualizado das plantas com sementes e análises relevantes acerca desta biodiversidade são apresentados. Este trabalho se iniciou em 2010 com a publicação do Catálogo de Plantas e Fungos e, desde então vem sendo atualizado por mais de 430 especialistas trabalhando online. O Brasil abriga atualmente 32.086 espécies nativas de Angiospermas e 23 espécies nativas de Gimnospermas e estes novos dados mostram um aumento de 3% da riqueza em relação a 2010. A Amazônia é o Domínio Fitogeográfico com o maior número de espécies de Gimnospermas, enquanto que a Floresta Atlântica possui a maior riqueza de Angiospermas. Houve um crescimento considerável no número de espécies e nas taxas de endemismo para a maioria dos Domínios (Caatinga, Cerrado, Floresta Atlântica, Pampa e Pantanal), com exceção da Amazônia que apresentou uma diminuição de 2,5% de endemicidade. Entretanto, a maior parte das plantas com sementes que ocorrem no Brasil (57,4%) é endêmica deste território. A proporção de formas de vida varia de acordo com os diferentes Domínios: árvores são mais expressivas na Amazônia e Floresta Atlântica do que nos outros biomas, ervas são dominantes no Pampa e as lianas apresentam riqueza expressiva na Amazônia, Floresta Atlântica e Pantanal. Este trabalho não só quantifica a biodiversidade brasileira, mas também indica as lacunas de conhecimento e o desafio a ser enfrentado para a conservação desta flora.
Abstract An updated inventory of Brazilian seed plants is presented and offers important insights into the country's biodiversity. This work started in 2010, with the publication of the Plants and Fungi Catalogue, and has been updated since by more than 430 specialists working online. Brazil is home to 32,086 native Angiosperms and 23 native Gymnosperms, showing an increase of 3% in its species richness in relation to 2010. The Amazon Rainforest is the richest Brazilian biome for Gymnosperms, while the Atlantic Rainforest is the richest one for Angiosperms. There was a considerable increment in the number of species and endemism rates for biomes, except for the Amazon that showed a decrease of 2.5% of recorded endemics. However, well over half of Brazillian seed plant species (57.4%) is endemic to this territory. The proportion of life-forms varies among different biomes: trees are more expressive in the Amazon and Atlantic Rainforest biomes while herbs predominate in the Pampa, and lianas are more expressive in the Amazon, Atlantic Rainforest, and Pantanal. This compilation serves not only to quantify Brazilian biodiversity, but also to highlight areas where there information is lacking and to provide a framework for the challenge faced in conserving Brazil's unique and diverse flora.
https://doi.org/10.1590/2175-7860201566411
33340 downloads
5.
Caracterización de la sorción y desorción de herbicidas en suelos con diferentes tipos de ocupación
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Madrigal Monárrez, Ismael
; Benoit, Pierre
; Barriuso, Enrique
; Réal, Benoît
; Dutertre, Alain
; Moquet, Michel
; Trejo Hernández, Maria
; Ortiz Hernández, Laura
.
Este trabajo se realizó dentro del marco de un proyecto multidisciplinario sobre la evaluación de la utilización de zonas amortiguadoras como uno de los mecanismos para combatir la contaminación de aguas superficiales por plaguicidas. Estas zonas son eficaces para detener los plaguicidas transportados en las escorrentías, pero no existe mucha información sobre el futuro de las moléculas interceptadas. En el trabajo se evaluó la sorción y la desorción de dos herbicidas con propiedades muy diferentes: el isoproturon, moderadamente hidrófobo (log Kow = 2,5), la diflufenicanil, fuertemente hidrófobo (log Kow = 4,9), y la isopropilanilina, un metabolito de la isoproturon, en suelos con diferentes tipos de ocupación, barreras de hierba, zonas arboladas y parcelas de cultivo. Los experimentos se realizaron en laboratorio utilizando las moléculas marcadas con 14C. Los resultados muestran que la diflufenicanil y la isopropilanilina son más retenidos que el isoproturon en los tres suelos. Los valores de Kd de las tres moléculas revelan que la sorción del isoproturon y la diflufenicanil es más fuerte en el horizonte superficial de la zona arbolada, donde el contenido de carbono es más importante (ZB 0-2: Kd IPU = 15,1 L kg-1; Kd DFF = 169,2 L kg-1). En el caso del isopropilanilina, el Kd más elevado es determinado en el horizonte superficial de la barrera de hierba (BE 0-2: Kd IPA = 53.1 L kg-1). Estos resultados están relacionados con el diferente contenido y naturaleza de materia orgánica de acuerdo con el tipo de ocupación del suelo.
This study was carried out within the framework of a multidisciplinary project for evaluating buffer zones for combating pesticide contamination of surface water. Such areas are effective in removing pesticides transported by run-off; however, little information is available about the fate of the pesticides so intercepted. Two herbicides having contrasting properties (isoproturon, moderately hydrophobic (log Kow = 2.5), diflufenican, strongly hydrophobic (log Kow = 4.9)) and isopropylaniline (an isoproturon metabolite) were used for characterising sorption and desorption from soil having three different land uses: grass buffer strip, woodland and cultivated plot. The experiments were carried out in controlled laboratory conditions using isoproturon labelled with 14C in the benzene ring. The results demonstrated that diflufenican and isopropilaniline retention was more significant than isoproturon in three soils. The three molecules’ Kd values revealed that isoproturon and diflufenicanil retention was more important in woodland soil where carbon content was more significant (ZB 0-2: Kd IPU = 15.1 Ls kg-1; Kd DFF = 169.2 Ls kg-1). Isopropilanilina Kd was higher in grass buffer strip soil (BE 0-2: Kd IPA = 53.1 L kg-1). These differences were related to different organic matter content and nature according to the type of land use.
3833 downloads
6.
Degradación de plaguicidas en dispositivos amortiguadores: barreras de hierba y zonas arboladas: caso del isoproturon
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Madrigal, Ismael
; Benoit, Pierre
; Barriuso, Enrique
; Réal, Benoît
; Dutertre, Alain
; Moquet, Michel
; Trejo, María
; Ortiz, Laura
.
Abstract The installation of vegetative buffer strips is one of the solutions proposed to combat pesticide pollution of surface water. These zones are effective in removing pesticides transported by runoff, but there is little information on what happens to the intercepted molecules. In this study, degradation of the herbicide isoproturon (IPU) [3-(4-isopropylphenyl)-1, 1-dimethylurea] in soils from grassed strip, treed zones, and farm plots at the ARVALIS experimental site in La Jaillière, France was assessed. The degradation experiments were conducted in laboratory using isoproturon marked with 14C in the benzene ring. Mineralization of IPU was especially important in the surface horizons of the soils from grassed strip and the treed zone. The formation of non-extractable, or low available residues was particularly important in the horizons where degradation is more active. Thus, the stabilization of isoproturon residues is highest in the topsoil horizons of the buffer strips. The rapid dissipation of IPU in the soils of the buffer zones indicates an interesting de-polluting function compared with agricultural soil since degradation and mineralization of IPU increase in the buffer zone soils. However, the weak degrading potential of the 30-60 cm horizons indicates that the effectiveness of these systems via degradation and stabilization processes of the products of interest is much more important in the topsoil horizons.
Resumen La instalación de zonas amortiguadoras es una de las soluciones propuestas para combatir la contaminación de aguas superficiales por plaguicidas. Estas zonas son eficaces para detener los plaguicidas transportados en las escorrentías pero no hay mucha información sobre el devenir de las moléculas interceptadas. En este trabajo se evaluó la degradación de un herbicida, el isoproturon (IPU) [3-(4-isopropilfenil)-1, 1-dimetilurea], en suelos provenientes de barreras de hierba, zonas arboladas y parcelas de cultivo del sitio experimental de ARVALIS en la Jaillière, Francia. Los experimentos de degradación se realizaron en laboratorio utilizando el isoproturon marcado con 14C en el anillo bencénico. La mineralización del IPU fue especialmente importante en los horizontes superficiales de los suelos de las barreras de hierba y la zona arbolada. La formación de residuos no extraíbles es decir, poco disponibles, fue particularmente importante en los horizontes donde la degradación es más activa. Así, la estabilización de los residuos de isoproturon es máxima en los horizontes superficiales de los dispositivos amortiguadores. La disipación rápida del IPU en los suelos de las zonas amortiguadoras indica una función de descontaminación interesante en comparación con un suelo agrícola, ya que la degradación y la mineralización del IPU aumentan. Sin embargo, el débil potencial de degradación de los horizontes 30-60 cm indica que la eficacia de estos sistemas vía procesos de degradación y estabilización de los productos interesados, es mucho mas importante en los horizontes superficiales de suelo.
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7.
Coffee resistance to the main diseases: leaf rust and coffee berry disease
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Silva, Maria do Céu
; Várzea, Victor
; Guerra-Guimarães, Leonor
; Azinheira, Helena Gil
; Fernandez, Diana
; Petitot, Anne-Sophie
; Bertrand, Benoit
; Lashermes, Philippe
; Nicole, Michel
.
Sucesso considerável tem sido obtido no uso do melhoramento clássico para o controle de doenças de plantas economicamente importantes, tais como a ferrugem alaranjada das folhas e a antracnose dos frutos do cafeeiro (CBD). Há um grande consenso de que o uso de plantas geneticamente resistentes é o meio mais apropriado e eficaz em termos de custos do controle das doenças das plantas, sendo também um dos elementos chave do melhoramento da produção agrícola. Tem sido também reconhecido que um melhor conhecimento do agente patogênico e dos mecanismos de defesa das plantas permitirá o desenvolvimento de novas abordagens no sentido de aumentar a durabilidade da resistência. Após uma breve descrição de conceitos na área da resistência das plantas às doenças, nesta revisão tentou-se dar uma idéia do progresso na investigação da ferrugem alaranjada do cafeeiro e do CBD relativamente ao processo de infecção e variabilidade dos agentes patogênicos, melhoramento do cafeeiro para a resistência e mecanismos de resistência do cafeeiro.
Considerable success has been obtained in the use of classical breeding to control economically important plant diseases, such as the coffee leaf rust and the coffee berry disease (CBD). There is a strong consensus that growing genetically resistant varieties is the most appropriate cost effective means of managing plant diseases and is one of the key components of crop improvement. It has also been recognized that a better knowledge of both, the pathogens and the plant defence mechanisms will allow the development of novel approaches to enhance the durability of resistance. After a brief description of concepts in the field of plant disease resistance, we attempt to give a view of the research progress on coffee leaf rust and CBD concerned with the pathogens infection and variability, coffee breeding for resistance and coffee resistance mechanisms.
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8.
Etiology of urethral discharge in West Africa: the role of Mycoplasma genitalium and Trichomonas vaginalis
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Pépin, Jacques
; Sobéla, François
; Deslandes, Sylvie
; Alary, Michel
; Wegner, Karsten
; Khonde, Nzambi
; Kintin, Frédéric
; Kamuragiye, Aloys
; Sylla, Mohammed
; Zerbo, Petit-Jean
; Baganizi, Énias
; Koné, Alassane
; Kane, Fadel
; Mâsse, Benoit
; Viens, Pierre
; Frost, Eric
.
OBJECTIVE: To determine the etiological role of pathogens other than Neisseria gonorrhoeae and Chlamydia trachomatis in urethral discharge in West African men. METHODS: Urethral swabs were obtained from 659 male patients presenting with urethral discharge in 72 primary health care facilities in seven West African countries, and in 339 controls presenting for complaints unrelated to the genitourinary tract. Polymerase chain reaction analysis was used to detect the presence of N. gonorrhoeae, C. trachomatis, Trichomonas vaginalis, Mycoplasma genitalium, and Ureaplasma urealyticum. FINDINGS: N. gonorrhoeae, T. vaginalis, C. trachomatis, and M. genitalium - but not U. urealyticum - were found more frequently in men with urethral discharge than in asymptomatic controls, being present in 61.9%, 13.8%, 13.4% and 10.0%, respectively, of cases of urethral discharge. Multiple infections were common. Among patients with gonococcal infection, T. vaginalis was as frequent a coinfection as C. trachomatis. M. genitalium, T. vaginalis, and C. trachomatis caused a similar clinical syndrome to that associated with gonococcal infection, but with a less severe urethral discharge. CONCLUSION: M. genitalium and T. vaginalis are important etiological agents of urethral discharge in West Africa. The frequent occurrence of multiple infections with any combination of four pathogens strongly supports the syndromic approach. The optimal use of metronidazole in flowcharts for the syndromic management of urethral discharge needs to be explored in therapeutic trials.
OBJETIVO: Determinar el papel etiológico de patógenos distintos de Neisseria gonorrhoeae y Chlamydia trachomatis como causa de exudación uretral entre la población masculina de África occidental. MÉTODOS: Se practicaron frotis uretrales en 659 pacientes varones con exudación uretral que acudieron a 72 centros de atención primaria de siete países de África occidental, así como en 339 testigos que acudieron con síntomas no relacionados con las vías genitourinarias. Se empleó la reacción en cadena de la polimerasa para detectar la presencia de N. gonorrhoeae, C. trachomatis, Trichomonas vaginalis, Mycoplasma genitaliumy Ureaplasma urealyticum. RESULTADOS: N. gonorrhoeae, T. vaginalis, C. trachomatis y M. genitalium, pero no así U. urealyticum, fueron detectados con más frecuencia entre los hombres con exudación uretral que en los testigos asintomáticos y representaban, respectivamente, el 61,9%, 13,8%, 13,4% y 10,0% de los casos de exudación uretral. Con frecuencia los pacientes estaban infectados por varios de esos agentes. Entre los pacientes con infección gonocócica, la coinfección por T. vaginalis fue tan frecuente como la coinfección por C. trachomatis, M. genitalium, T. vaginalis y C. trachomatis causaban un síndrome clínico similar al asociado a la infección gonocócica, pero con exudación uretral menos grave. CONCLUSIÓN: M. genitalium y T. vaginalis son dos importantes causas de exudación uretral en África occidental. La frecuente presencia de varias infecciones por una combinación u otra de cuatro patógenos hace muy recomendable la adopción del enfoque sindrómico. Es necesario realizar ensayos terapéuticos para determinar el uso óptimo del metronidazol en organigramas del manejo sindrómico de la exudación uretral.
OBJECTIF: Définir le rôle étiologique de germes pathogènes autres que Neisseria gonorrhoeae et Chlamydia trachomatisdans l’écoulement urétral chez l’homme en Afrique de l’Ouest. MÉTHODES: Des écouvillonnages de l’urètre ont été obtenus dans 72 centres de soins de santé primaires situés dans sept pays d’Afrique de l’Ouest chez 659 patients ayant un écoulement urétral et chez 339 témoins ayant des symptômes sans relation avec les voies urogénitales. La recherche de N. gonorrhoeae, C. trachomatis, Trichomonas vaginalis, Mycoplasma genitaliumet Ureaplasma urealyticuma été faite par PCR (amplification génique). RÉSULTATS: N. gonorrhoeae, T. vaginalis, C. trachomatis et M. genitalium, contrairement à U. urealyticum, ont été observés plus fréquemment chez les hommes ayant un écoulement urétral que chez les témoins asymptomatiques, et représentent respectivement 61,9 %, 13,8 %, 13,4% et 10,0% des cas d’écoulement. Les polyinfections étaient fréquentes. Parmi les patients atteints de gonococcie, la coinfection par T. vaginalis était aussi fréquente que par C. trachomatis. M. genitalium, T. vaginalis et C. trachomatis sont les agents étiologiques d’un syndrome clinique comparable à celui de l’infection gonococcique, avec toutefois un écoulement urétral moins important. CONCLUSION: M. genitalium et T. vaginalis sont des agents étiologiques majeurs de l’écoulement urétral en Afrique de l’Ouest. La survenue fréquente de polyinfections associant les quatre pathogènes de manière diverse est un argument fort en faveur de l’approche syndromique. On recherchera par des essais thérapeutiques comment utiliser au mieux le métronidazole dans des algorithmes de décision adaptés à la prise en charge syndromique de l’écoulement urétral.
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