SUMMARY OBJECTIVE: A multicentric, cross-sectional study was carried out to determine the prevalence and risk factors for Coronavirus disease 2019 in medical students and residents from four universities and affiliated hospitals in Brazil. METHODS: A survey about contamination risk and symptoms was sent to all participants through email and WhatsApp. Prevalence was measured by the self-report of positive polymerase chain reaction or serological test. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed, and odds ratio and 95% confidence interval were calculated. RESULTS: Prevalence of infection by Sars-CoV-2 was 14.9% (151/1011). The disease was more prevalent in residents and interns than in undergraduate students. Contact with an infected relative outside the hospital or with colleagues without using personal protective equipment was associated with higher contamination. Contact with patients without wearing goggles and higher weekly frequency of contact were the two factors independently associated with the infection by Coronavirus disease 2019 in the multivariate analysis. CONCLUSIONS: Medical students, interns, and residents have a higher prevalence of Coronavirus disease 2019 than the general population, in which the last two groups are significantly at higher risk. Contacting patients at a higher weekly frequency increases the risk for infection. The use of goggles should be reinforced when contacting patients.

Abstract Paper aims The purpose of this article is to identify the research opportunities in capital budgeting. Originality This research contributes to the literature by providing a methodology where researchers can potentially identify gaps from budgeting according to the existing scientific literature and contributes to the engineering management practice by to identifying the difficulties found by engineering managers that interfere in the capital budgeting process. Research method It was used the Knowledge Development Process-Constructivist (Proknow-C) tool that can researchers potentially identify gaps from budgeting according to the existing scientific literature. It then explicitly define the frontiers of knowledge and possible opportunities to follow when investigating the field. Main findings Capital budgeting is not shown as a macro research area for the researchers. Few authors have developed research with the same scopes or few of them still research on the theme. Implications for theory and practice The academy advocates that capital budgeting has a key role in business management and, therefore, managers have to use more sophisticated analysis practices. Organizations should seek professionals with experience in capital projects appraisal and who are familiar with and knowledgeable in the use of adequate practices for decision-making.

RESUMO Objetivo Analisar os elementos presentes nas missões dos hospitais brasileiros de excelência internacional. Métodos Os elementos da missão foram coletados nos sites dos hospitais brasileiros de excelência internacional. Resultados Dos oito elementos propostos na literatura, os que mais se destacaram e que aparecem com mais frequência na missão dos hospitais foram: a menção a produtos e serviços e competência. No estudo, identificou-se, também, a exigência de elementos não encontrados em nenhuma das missões analisadas. Esses elementos são: o domínio geográfico; sobrevivência, crescimento ou lucratividade e preocupação com a imagem pública. Conclusões Assim percebe-se que nenhuma das missões analisadas apresentou os oito elementos propostos por Pearce II (1982) para se tornar eficiente. Este fato pode afetar o propósito da organização, o qual é definido por meio da missão, comprom tendo o uso da missão como elemento essencial do planejamento estratégico.

ABSTRACT Objective To analyze the elements present in the missions of Brazilian hospitals accredited with an international standard of excellence. Method Mission elements were obtained from the websites of the Brazilian hospitals accredited with an international standard of excellence. Results Of eight elements proposed by Pearce II (1982), the most relevant and frequent elements for the mission of hospitals were mentioning products and services and their competition. The studies also identified elements that are required but were not found in any of the missions analyzed, namely, geographical domain, survival, growth or profitability, and concern for public image. Conclusions It is possible to observe that none of the missions analyzed presented the eight elements proposed by Pearce II (1982) to become efficient. This can affect the purpose of the organization, which is defined through its mission, thus compromising its role as an essential element of strategic planning.

RESUMEN Objetivo Analizar los elementos presentes en las misiones de los hospitales brasileños de excelencia internacional. Métodos Se recolectaron los elementos de la misión en los sitios web de los hospitales brasileños de excelencia internacional. Resultados De los ocho elementos propuestos por Pearce II (1982), los que más se destacaron y que aparecen con más frecuencia en la misión de los hospitales fueron: la mención a productos y servicios y la competencia de los mismos. En el estudio, se identificó, también, la exigencia de elementos no encontrados en ninguna de las misiones analizadas. Estos elementos son: el dominio geográfico; supervivencia, crecimiento o rentabilidad y preocupación por la imagen pública. Conclusiones Así, se percibe que ninguna de las misiones analizadas presentó los ocho elementos propuestos por Pearce II (1982) para llegar a ser eficiente. Este hecho puede afectar el propósito de la organización, el cual se define a través de la misión, comprometiendo el uso de la misión como elemento esencial de la planificación estratégica.

RESUMEN Objetivo Analizar los elementos presentes en las misiones de los hospitales brasileños de excelencia internacional. Métodos Se recolectaron los elementos de la misión en los sitios web de los hospitales brasileños de excelencia internacional. Resultados De los ocho elementos propuestos por Pearce II (1982), los que más se destacaron y que aparecen con más frecuencia en la misión de los hospitales fueron: la mención a productos y servicios y la competencia de los mismos. En el estudio, se identificó, también, la exigencia de elementos no encontrados en ninguna de las misiones analizadas. Estos elementos son: el dominio geográfico; supervivencia, crecimiento o rentabilidad y preocupación por la imagen pública. Conclusiones Así, se percibe que ninguna de las misiones analizadas presentó los ocho elementos propuestos por Pearce II (1982) para llegar a ser eficiente. Este hecho puede afectar el propósito de la organización, el cual se define a través de la misión, comprometiendo el uso de la misión como elemento esencial de la planificación estratégica.

ABSTRACT Objective To analyze the elements present in the missions of Brazilian hospitals accredited with an international standard of excellence. Method Mission elements were obtained from the websites of the Brazilian hospitals accredited with an international standard of excellence. Results Of eight elements proposed by Pearce II (1982), the most relevant and frequent elements for the mission of hospitals were mentioning products and services and their competition. The studies also identified elements that are required but were not found in any of the missions analyzed, namely, geographical domain, survival, growth or profitability, and concern for public image. Conclusions It is possible to observe that none of the missions analyzed presented the eight elements proposed by Pearce II (1982) to become efficient. This can affect the purpose of the organization, which is defined through its mission, thus compromising its role as an essential element of strategic planning.

RESUMO Objetivo Analisar os elementos presentes nas missões dos hospitais brasileiros de excelência internacional. Métodos Os elementos da missão foram coletados nos sites dos hospitais brasileiros de excelência internacional. Resultados Dos oito elementos propostos na literatura, os que mais se destacaram e que aparecem com mais frequência na missão dos hospitais foram: a menção a produtos e serviços e competência. No estudo, identificou-se, também, a exigência de elementos não encontrados em nenhuma das missões analisadas. Esses elementos são: o domínio geográfico; sobrevivência, crescimento ou lucratividade e preocupação com a imagem pública. Conclusões Assim percebe-se que nenhuma das missões analisadas apresentou os oito elementos propostos por Pearce II (1982) para se tornar eficiente. Este fato pode afetar o propósito da organização, o qual é definido por meio da missão, comprom tendo o uso da missão como elemento essencial do planejamento estratégico.

Background/Aims: to examine the relationship between the antioxidant potential and severity parameters of cirrhosis in humans. Methods: fifteen patients with hepatic cirrhosis (nine subjects - Child group B, and six subjects - Child group C) and nine control subjects were enrolled in the study. The main criteria taken into account to characterize the diagnosis of cirrhosis and its complications were the AST: ALT ratio, AST to platelet ratio index, Bonacini score, Meld score and Child classification. Those parameters were determined based on laboratory results and patient's clinical records. Se, Zn, ascorbic acid (AA) levels and oxidative stress parameters were measured in blood samples of cirrhotic patients. Results: the analysis of plasma levels of Se and AA showed low concentrations in cirrhotic patients compared with control subjects (P < 0.05). Though, there was a positive correlation between plasma of Se and severity parameters of cirrhosis in patients of Child group B and C. In the activity of the antioxidant enzymes only catalase was lower in patients of Child group C compared with control group. Conclusion: we found low plasma levels of Se and AA among cirrhotic patients. However, is not clear why selenium levels tend to increase with the severity of liver cirrhosis.

Introducción/Objetivos: examinar la relación entre los potenciales antioxidantes y los parámetros de gravedad de la cirrosis en los seres humanos. Métodos: quince pacientes con cirrosis hepática (nueve sujetos - grupo Child B, y seis sujetos - grupo Child C) y nueve sujetos control fueron incluidos en el estudio. Los principales criterios que se tuvieron en cuenta para caracterizar el diagnóstico de la cirrosis y sus complicaciones fueron la AST: relación de ALT, AST índice de la relación de plaquetas, clasificación Bonacini, clasificación MELD y clasificación de Child. Estos parámetros fueron determinados con base en los resultados de laboratorio y los registros clínicos del paciente. Se midieron los niveles de Zn, ácido ascórbico (AA) y los parámetros de estrés oxidativo en muestras de sangre de pacientes cirróticos. Resultados: el análisis de los niveles plasmáticos de Se y AA mostraron bajas concentraciones en los pacientes cirróticos en comparación con los sujetos control (P < 0,05); sin embargo, hubo una correlación positiva entre el plasma de Se y los parámetros de gravedad de la cirrosis en pacientes del grupo Child B y C. En la actividad de las enzimas antioxidantes catalasa solamente fue menor en los pacientes del grupo Child C, en comparación con el grupo control. Conclusión: se encontraron niveles bajos en plasma de Se y AA en pacientes cirróticos. Sin embargo, no está claro por qué los niveles de selenio tienden a aumentar con la gravedad de la cirrosis hepática.

A semente marca o inicio da produção de grãos de plantas cultivadas. Assegurar a qualidade da semente é a prioridade da tecnologia de sementes. Neste contexto, o trabalho objetivou aferir o uso da concentração de dióxido de carbono na classificação de sementes de Brassica napus de diferentes níveis de qualidade resultante de diferentes datas de semeadura. nos quais avaliou-se a porcentagem de plântulas normais e o índice de velocidade de germinação. A concentração CO2 foi quantificada em amostras mantidas por cinco períodos de incubação a 40 °C e mensuradas com o auxílio de um medidor de trocas gasosas, acoplado a um sistema de injeção e fluxo de ar. Os resultados foram submetidos à análise de variância e as médias comparadas pelo teste de Duncan e pela análise de regressão a 5%. Os resultados da porcentagem de plântulas normais foram correlacionados com os resultados da concentração de CO2. Sementes de B. napus apresentaram alta porcentagem de plântulas normais. Contudo, para o índice de velocidade de germinação houve possibilidade de classificação em pelo menos duas classes de vigor. A determinação da concentração de CO2 foi mais eficiente após três horas de incubação, sendo possível agrupar os lotes em quatro Classes de vigor. A concentração de CO2 foi inversamente proporcional à porcentagem de plântulas normais, com melhor coeficiente de correlação obtido após três horas de incubação.

Seed marks the beginning of grain production from cultivated crops. Ensuring seed quality is the priority in the field of seed technology. In this context, the purpose of this study was to evaluate the use of carbon dioxide concentration to Classify Brassica napus seed lots of different quality resulting from various sowing dates. Seed lots were evaluated by percentage of normal plantlets and the germination rate index. CO2 concentration was quantified in samples submitted to five periods of incubation at 40° C with the aid of a gas exchange analyzer coupled to an injection and airflow system. The results were subjected to analysis of variance and the mean values were compared by the Duncan test and by regression analysis at the 5% level of significance. B. napus seeds from all lots showed a high percentage of normal plantlets and germination rate index. Percentage of normal plantlets was correlated with CO2 concentration. Determination of the CO2 concentration was more efficient with three hours of incubation which allowed classification of canola seed lots into four vigor classes. CO2 concentration was inversely proportional to the percentage of normal plantlets.

The best strategy for control of cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection in lung transplant patients is still not determined. The aim of this study was to document the incidence of CMV infection in a cohort of lung transplant recipients under universal prophylaxis with intravenous ganciclovir. All patients received immunosuppressive regimens consisting of cyclosporine, azathioprine, and prednisone. Regardless of CMV serostatus, intravenous ganciclovir was prescribed for every patient in the first 3 months post-transplantation. CMV infection was defined as the detection of CMV pp65 in leukocytes. Eighty-two lung transplant patients were included over a 5-year period. The incidence of CMV infection in the first year post-transplantation was 68.3%, occurring after a median length of 114 days (range, 26-343 days). This study revealed a high incidence of CMV infection in the first year following lung transplantation despite prolonged universal ganciclovir prophylaxis.

OBJETIVO: Identificar alterações na coagulação sangüínea em mulheres submetidas à fertilização in vitro (FIV). MÉTODOS: Trata-se de um estudo prospectivo onde foram incluídas 15 pacientes submetidas à FIV. No período pré-ovulatório imediato, do ciclo menstrual precedente à FIV, foi coletada amostra sangüínea para coagulograma, com dosagem de Estradiol, Hemograma, Fibrinogênio, Tempo de Protrombina, Tempo de Tromboplastina Parcial Ativada, Tempo de Coagulação e Plaquetas. Durante a hiperestimulação ovariana para FIV, nova amostra para coagulograma foi coletada no dia da aplicação da Gonadotrofina Coriônica Humana. Os dados referentes à análise das duas amostras foram avaliados usando teste estatístico Paired T-Test. RESULTADOS: O estudo comparativo das médias das amostras identificou aumento significativo nos níveis de fibrinogênio, 304,9 pg/ml na primeira amostra e 383,1 pg/ml na segunda (p=0,01), já os níveis de hematócrito tiveram um decréscimo significativo, com valores de 40,5% e 38,4%, respectivamente (p=0,0001). As demais provas de coagulação não apresentaram diferença significativa. As médias do estradiol foram significativamente diferentes, sendo 167pg/ml na primeira amostra e 1435pg/ml na segunda (p=0,0001). CONCLUSÕES: Os Dados refletem uma tendência a um estado de hipercoagüabilidade sangüínea, o que é esperado nas situações de hiperestrogenismo. Apesar da significância estatística nos níveis de fibrinogênio e hematócrito, esses resultados têm pouca expressão clínica, visto que os valores máximos das duas amostras permaneceram dentro dos limites da normalidade. A pesquisa sugere que, apesar do grande aumento nos níveis de estradiol e mudanças nas provas de coagulação, os programas de FIV mostram-se seguros quanto aos riscos tromboembólicos.

BACKGROUND: Hyperestrogenic conditions have been related to alterations in the coagulation parameters. The objective of this study was to identify changes in coagulation parameters in women undergoing in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer (IVF-ET). METHODS: A group of 15 patients was studied prospectively, immediately before and during the course of an IVF-ET cycle. Blood was drawn in the preovulatory period of the cycle preceeding IVF-ET for complete blood count, fibrinogen, prothrombin time (TP), thromboplastin partial actived time (ATTP), coagulation time and estradiol. A another blood sample for the same tests was collected during controlled ovarian hyperstimulation, on the hCG day. Both samples were compared by a paired t-test RESULTS: There was an increase in fibrinogen (340.9 pg/mL to 383.1 pg/mL, p = 0.01). On the other hand, hematocrit levels decreased (40.5% to 38.4 %, p = 0.0001). The other coagulation tests showed no difference. Estradiol levels increased (167 pg/mL to 1435 pg/ml, p=0.0001), as expected during such treatment. CONCLUSIONS: The data suggest a tendency towards an increase in coagulability, as expected in hyperestrogenic situations. However, even considering the statistical significance of the results, they might have limited clinical impact, since they were within the normal range. This study suggests that, despite the marked increase in estradiol and changes in coagulation parameters, IVF-ET is a safe procedure in terms of thromboembolic risks.