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ABSTRACT The expression ‘you need to know to conserve’ is a well-known cliche among biologists. Documenting the richness of a group of organisms is the first step towards understanding biodiversity and preparing efficient conservation plans. In this context, many efforts have been made to quantify the number of species on Earth and estimate the number of species still unknown to science. A few countries have complete and integrated databases estimating the approximate number of species recorded for their territory, particularly in the Global South. In Brazil, a country of continental dimensions, revealing the richness of the second most diverse clade of invertebrates (=Mollusca) has been a goal of taxonomists. Recently, in an unprecedented, collective, and integrated effort among Brazilian malacologists, it was possible to estimate how many valid species of molluscs are there in Brazil. In this effort, more than 30 mollusc experts joined together to update the Taxonomic Catalogue of the Brazilian Fauna (TCBF), a governmental website that allows a quick and real-time updating of all Metazoan. So far, more than 5,000 updates have been made in TCBF, indicating the presence of 3,552 valid species of molluscs in Brazil, distributed among the main clades as follows: Caudofoveata (10 spp.), Solenogastres (6 spp.), Polyplacophora (35 spp.), Scaphopoda (43 spp.), Cephalopoda (92 spp.), Bivalvia (629 spp.) and Gastropoda (2,737 spp.). The present study, in addition to demonstrating for the first time the richness of Brazilian molluscs, also presents the state of the art of this important phylum of invertebrates highlighting its most representative and neglected groups.

https://doi.org/10.1590/s1984-4689.v40.e23026

Metaboloma use in ophthalmology
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Martins, Thiago Gonçalves dos Santos

; Sipahi, Aytan Miranda

; Mendes, Maria Anita

; Fowler, Susan B.

; Schor, Paulo

Revista Brasileira de Oftalmologia

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2022, Volume 81 elocation e0056

Abstract: Pt En | Text: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

RESUMO Faz parte das ciências ômicas buscar entender como funciona o sistema celular dos organismos e estudar suas alterações biológicas. Como parte das ciências ômicas, destacam-se a genômica, cuja função é o estudo dos genes; a transcriptômica, que estuda as mudanças nos transcritos; a proteômica, responsável por entender as mudanças que ocorrem nas proteínas, e a metabolômica, que estuda todo o metabolismo das alterações que ocorrem em um determinado sistema quando ele é submetido a diferentes tipos de estímulos. A metabolômica é a ciência que estuda os metabólitos endógenos e exógenos em sistemas biológicos, visando fornecer informações comparativas quantitativas ou semiquantitativas sobre todos os metabólitos do sistema. Esta revisão teve como objetivo descrever as principais aplicações da ciência metabolômica na oftalmologia. Trata-se de revisão narrativa desenvolvida por um grupo de pesquisa da Universidade Federal de São Paulo, em São Paulo (SP). Buscaram-se, na literatura, as principais aplicações da ciência metabolômica em oftalmologia, utilizando as bases de dados Medline® e Lilacs, com as palavras-chave “metabolomics” e “oftalmologia”, de 1º de janeiro de 2009 a 5 de abril de 2021. Foram recuperadas 216 referências, das quais 58 foram consideradas elegíveis para revisão intensiva e análise crítica. O estudo do metaboloma permite um melhor entendimento do metabolismo dos tecidos oculares. Os resultados são importantes para auxiliar no diagnóstico e como preditores da progressão de muitas doenças oculares e sistêmicas.

ABSTRACT It is part of the omic sciences to search for an understanding of how the cellular system of organisms works as well as studying their biological changes. As part of the omic sciences, we can highlight the genomics whose function is the study of genes, the transcriptomics that studies the changes in the transcripts, the proteomics responsible for understanding the changes that occur in proteins, and the metabolomics that studies all the metabolic changes that occur in a certain system when it is submitted to different types of stimuli. Metabolomics is the science that studies the endogenous and exogenous metabolites in biological systems, which aims to provide comparative quantitative or semi-quantitative information about all metabolites in the system. This review aims to describe the main applications of metabolomics science in ophthalmolog. We searched the literature on main applications of metabolomics science in ophthalmology, using the MEDLINE and LILACS databases, with the keywords “metabolomics” and “ophthalmology”, from January 1, 2009, to April 5, 2021. We retrieved 216 references, of which 58 were considered eligible for intensive review and critical analysis. The study of the metabolome allows a better understanding of the metabolism of ocular tissues. The results are important to aid diagnosis and as predictors of the progression of many eye and systemic diseases.

https://doi.org/10.37039/1982.8551.20220056

Anti-Leishmania amazonensis activity of the marine sponge Dercitus (Stoeba) latex (Porifera) from São Pedro and São Paulo Archipelago, Pernambuco, Brazil
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BARRETO, ANNA L.S.

; ALONSO, ARIADNE N.

; MORAES, DANIEL C. DE

; CURVELO, JOSÉ A.R.

; MIRANDA, KILDARE

; PORTELA, MARISTELA B.

; FERREIRA-PEREIRA, ANTÔNIO

; SOUTO-PADRÓN, THAIS

; SOARES, ROSANGELA MARIA DE A.

Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciências

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2022, Volume 94 N. 3 elocation e20211090

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

Abstract The search for new therapeutic strategies for leishmaniasis treatment is essential due to the side effects of available drugs and the increasing incidence of resistance to them. Marine sponges use chemical compounds as a defense mechanism, and several of them present interesting pharmacological properties. The aim of this study was to evaluate the in vitro activity of the aqueous extract of the marine sponge Dercitus (Stoeba) latex against Leishmania amazonensis. MIC and toxicity against mammal cells were evaluated through broth microdilution assays. Transmission electron microscopy analysis was performed to assess possible effects on L. amazonensis ultrastructure. Arginase and proteolytic activities were measured by spectrometric methodologies. The extract of Dercitus (Stoeba) latex displayed antileishmanial activity and moderate toxicity against peritonial macrophages. Ultrastructural changes were observed after the growth of L. amazonensis promastigotes in the presence of the extract at 150 µg.ml-1 (IC50), mainly on acidocalcysomes. The extract was able to inhibit the activity of arginase and serine proteases. This study shows that Dercitus (Stoeba) latex aqueous extract may be a novel potential source of protozoa protease inhibitors and drugs that are less toxic to be used in the treatment of L. amazonensis infections.

https://doi.org/10.1590/0001-3765202220211090

Poor Sleep quality and health-related quality of life impact in adolescents with and without chronic immunosuppressive conditions during COVID-19 quarantine
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Helito, Alberto C.

; Lindoso, Livia

; Sieczkowska, Sofia M.

; Astley, Camilla

; Queiroz, Ligia B.

; Rose, Natalia

; Santos, Claudia Renata P.

; Bolzan, Thalis

; Peralta, Rita María I.A.

; Franco, Ruth R.

; Cominato, Louise

; Pereira, Rosa Maria R.

; Tannuri, Uenis

; Campos, Lucia Maria A.

; Lourenço, Benito

; Toma, Ricardo K.

; Medeiros, Karina

; Watanabe, Andréia

; Grangeiro, Patricia Moreno

; Farhat, Sylvia C.

; Casella, Caio B.

; Polanczyk, Guilherme V.

; Gualano, Bruno

; Silva, Clovis A.

; Sallum, Adriana M. E.

; Iraha, Amanda Y.

; Ihara, Bianca P.

; Mazzolani, Bruna C.

; Martinez, Claudia A.

; Strabelli, Claudia A. A.

; Fonseca, Claudia B.

; Lima, Dandara C. C.

; Setoue, Debora N. D.

; Roz, Deborah F. P.

; Smaira, Fabiana I.

; Roschel, Hamilton

; Miyatani, Helena T.

; Marques, Isabela G.

; Oba, Jane

; Ferreira, Juliana C. O.

; Simon, Juliana R.

; Kozu, Katia

; Saccani, Ligia P.

; Martiniano, Lorena V. M.

; Miranda, Luana C. A.

; Silva, Luiz E. V.

; Laurentino, Moisés F.

; Aikawa, Nadia E.

; Sakita, Neusa K.

; Tanigava, Nicolas Y.

; Pereira, Paulo R. A.

; Palmeira, Patrícia

; Angelo, Simone S.

; Lavorato, Sofia S. M.

; Bernardes, Tamires M.

; Franco, Tathiane C.

; Viana, Vivianne S. L.

; Barros, Vera P. M. F. R.

; Zheng, Yingying

Clinics

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2021, Volume 76 elocation e3501

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

OBJECTIVE: To assess the possible factors that influence sleep quality in adolescents with and without chronic immunosuppressive conditions quarantined during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. METHODS: This cross-sectional study included 305 adolescents with chronic immunocompromised conditions and 82 healthy adolescents. Online surveys were completed, which included questions on socio-demographic data and self-rated healthcare routine during COVID-19 quarantine and the following validated questionnaires: the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory 4.0 (PedsQL4.0), and Pediatric Outcome Data Collection Instrument (PODCI). RESULTS: The median current age [14 (10-18) vs. 15 (10-18) years, p=0.847] and frequency of female sex (62% vs. 58%, p=0.571) were similar in adolescents with chronic conditions compared with healthy adolescents. The frequency of poor sleep quality was similar in both groups (38% vs. 48%, p=0.118). Logistic regression analysis, including both healthy adolescents and adolescents with chronic conditions (n=387), demonstrated that self-reported increase in screen time (odds ratio [OR] 3.0; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.3-6.8; p=0.008) and intrafamilial violence report (OR 2.1; 95% CI 1.2-3.5; p=0.008) were independently associated with poor sleep quality in these adolescents. However, the PODCI global function score was associated with a lower OR for poor sleep quality (OR 0.97; 95% CI 0.94-0.99; p=0.001). Further logistic regression, including only adolescents with chronic conditions (n=305), demonstrated that self-reported increase in screen time (OR 3.1; 95% CI 1.4-6.8; p=0.006) and intrafamilial violence report (OR 2.0; 95% CI 1.2-3.4; p=0.011) remained independently associated with poor quality of sleep, whereas a lower PODCI global function score was associated with a lower OR for sleep quality (OR 0.96; 95% CI 0.94-0.98; p<0.001). CONCLUSION: Self-reported increases in screen time and intrafamilial violence report impacted sleep quality in both healthy adolescents and those with chronic conditions. Decreased health-related quality of life was observed in adolescents with poor sleep quality.

https://doi.org/10.6061/clinics/2021/e3501

Impact of Vacuum-Assisted Venous Drainage on Forward Flow in Simulated Pediatric Cardiopulmonary Bypass Circuits Utilizing a Centrifugal Arterial Pump Head
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Guimarães, Daniel Peres

; Caneo, Luiz Fernando

; Matte, Gregory

; Carletto, Luciana P.

; Policarpo, Valéria Camargo

; Castro, Ana Vitória C. X.

; Miranda, Matheus H. C.

; Costa, Priscila S.

; Jatene, Marcelo B.

; Cestari, Idagene

; Jatene, Fabio B.

Brazilian Journal of Cardiovascular Surgery

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apr 2020, Volume 35 N. 2 Pages 134 - 140

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

Abstract Objective: To analyze the impact of vacuum-assisted venous drainage (VAVD) on arterial pump flow in a simulated pediatric cardiopulmonary bypass circuit utilizing a centrifugal pump (CP) with an external arterial filter. Methods: The simulation circuit consisted of a Quadrox-I Pediatric oxygenator, a Rotaflow CP (Maquet Cardiopulmonary AG, Rastatt, Germany), and a custom pediatric tubing set primed with Lactated Ringer's solution and packed red blood cells. Venous line pressure, reservoir pressure, and arterial flow were measured with VAVD turned off to record baseline values. Four other conditions were tested with progressively higher vacuum pressures (-20, -40, -60, and -80 mmHg) applied to the baseline cardiotomy pressure. An arterial filter was placed into the circuit and arterial flow was measured with the purge line in both open and closed positions. These trials were repeated at set arterial flow rates of 1500, 2000, and 2500 mL/min. Results: The use of progressively higher vacuum caused a reduction in effective arterial flow from 1490±0.00 to 590±0.00, from 2020±0.01 to 1220±0.00, and from 2490±0.0 to 1830±0.01 mL/min. Effective forward flow decreased with increased levels of VAVD. Conclusion: The use of VAVD reduces arterial flow when a CP is used as the main arterial pump. The reduction in the forward arterial flow increases as the vacuum level increases. The loss of forward flow is further reduced when the arterial filter purge line is kept in the recommended open position. An independent flow probe is essential to monitor pump flow during cardiopulmonary bypass.

https://doi.org/10.21470/1678-9741-2019-0311 402 downloads

Effectiveness of a handmade shell-based substrate for the breeding of Biomphalaria glabrata under laboratory conditions
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Rodrigues, João Gustavo Mendes

; Lira, Maria Gabriela Sampaio

; Nogueira, Ranielly Araújo

; Gomes, Gleycka Cristine Carvalho

; Licá, Irlla Correia Lima

; Viegas-Melo, Davi

; Teles-Reis, Andrea

; Miranda, Guilherme Silva

; Silva-Souza, Nêuton

Revista do Instituto de Medicina Tropical de São Paulo

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2020, Volume 62 elocation e55

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

ABSTRACT Efficient snail production is essential for the proper maintenance of the Schistosoma mansoni life cycle in the laboratory. In order to improve the breeding of Biomphalaria glabrata under laboratory conditions, this study aimed to demonstrate the effectiveness of a handmade shell-based substrate on the physiological performance of B. glabrata. The shells used to make the substrate were cleaned, sterilized and macerated until a powder was obtained (yield of 92.3%). B. glabrata specimens were randomly assigned to three treatment groups: negative control group (NCG) exposed to a clay-only substrate; a positive control group (PCG) containing clay, oyster flour and calcium carbonate; and the test group (TG) with the shell-based substrate and clay. B. glabrata bred in the test group showed improved growth, sexual maturity, fertility, mortality rate, and shell morphology when compared to the NCG, and similar to the PCG. Therefore, the shell-based substrate proved to be efficient and has a low cost for the breeding of B. glabrata.

https://doi.org/10.1590/s1678-9946202062055 565 downloads

Strategies to control inbreeding in a pig breeding program: a simulation study
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Lopes, Jader Silva

; Rorato, Paulo Roberto Nogara

; Mello, Fernanda Cristina Breda

; Freitas, Marcelo Silva de

; Prestes, Alan Miranda

; Garcia, Diogo Anastácio

; Oliveira, Maurício Morgado de

Ciência Rural

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2019, Volume 49 N. 7 elocation e20180994

Abstract: Pt En | Text: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

RESUMO: O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar, por meio de simulação de dados, o impacto das restrições no número máximo de irmãos completos e meios-irmãos selecionados para machos e fêmeas no nível de endogamia e ganho genético do rebanho. Os dados originais são provenientes das populações reais A e B, compostas por suínos da raça Pietrain e Landrace, respectivamente. Para gerar as populações simuladas, foi desenvolvido um simulador em linguagem Fortran utilizando as (co)variâncias dos valores genéticos e as taxas produtivas e reprodutivas obtidas das populações A e B. Dois arquivos de dados foram criados. O primeiro continha o pedigree dos 10 anos anteriores, com 21.906 e 251.343 animais nas populações A e B, respectivamente. O segundo incluiu os valores genéticos para idade para atingir 110 Kg de peso vivo, espessura de toucinho e conversão alimentar, para ambas as populações; profundidade do músculo longissimus dorsi, apenas para a população A; e número de leitões vivos no 5º dia de vida por parto, apenas para a população B. Três cenários foram simulados com dez gerações, variando as restrições quanto ao número de irmãos completos e meios-irmãos selecionados para machos e fêmeas, com 30 repetições por geração e cenário. Independentemente da estratégia de acasalamento utilizada em um núcleo de produção fechada, há aumento nos níveis de endogamia. Aumentos de endogamia são maiores em populações de menor tamanho efetivo. Restrições ao número de irmãos completos e meios-irmãos selecionados são eficazes na redução de incrementos na endogamia. A restrição de no máximo dois irmãos completos, três meios-irmãos para machos e três irmãs completas para fêmeas fornece os maiores ganhos genéticos.

ABSTRACT: The objective of this study was to evaluate, through data simulation, the impact of restrictions on the maximum number of full- and half-sibs selected for males and females on the level of inbreeding and genetic gain of the herd. Data came from real populations A and B, composed of Pietrain and Landrace breed pigs, respectively. To generate the simulated populations, a Fortran-language simulator was developed using the (co)variances of the breeding values and the productive and reproductive rates obtained from populations A and B. Two data files were created. The first contained the pedigree of the previous 10 years, with 21,906 and 251,343 animals in populations A and B, respectively. The second included breeding values for age to reach 110 Kg body weight, backfat thickness, and feed conversion, for both populations; longissimus dorsi muscle depth, for population A only; and number of live piglets at the 5th day of life per farrowing, for population B only. Three scenarios were simulated with ten generations by varying the restrictions on the number of full- and half-sibs selected for males and females, with 30 replicates per generation and scenario. Regardless of the mating strategy used in a closed production unit, there is an increase in inbreeding levels. Inbreeding increases are larger in populations of smaller effective size. Restrictions on the number of full- and half-sibs selected are effective in reducing increments in inbreeding. Restriction to a maximum of two full-sibs and three half-sibs for males and three full sisters for females provided the highest genetic gains.

https://doi.org/10.1590/0103-8478cr20180994 1765 downloads

Pediatric chronic patients at outpatient clinics: a study in a Latin American University Hospital
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Alveno, Renata A.

; Miranda, Caroline V.

; Passone, Caroline G.

; Waetge, Aurora R.

; Hojo, Elza S.

; Farhat, Sylvia C.L.

; Odone-Filho, Vicente

; Tannuri, Uenis

; Carvalho, Werther B.

; Carneiro-Sampaio, Magda

; Silva, Clovis A.

Jornal de Pediatria

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oct 2018, Volume 94 N. 5 Pages 539 - 545

Abstract: Pt En | Text: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

Resumo Objetivo: Descrever características de crianças e adolescentes com doenças crônicas de clínicas ambulatoriais em um hospital universitário terciário. Métodos: Um estudo transversal foi realizado com 16.237 pacientes com doenças crônicas acompanhados em um ano. Os dados foram coletados por meio de dados do sistema eletrônico de acordo com o número de consultas médicas em 23 especialidades pediátricas. Os pacientes foram divididos em dois grupos: crianças (0-9 anos) e adolescentes (10-19 anos). Também foram analisados grupos de jovens adolescentes (10-14 anos) e adolescentes mais velhos (15-19 anos). Resultados: 54% eram crianças e 46% eram adolescentes. As frequências das seguintes especialidades pediátricas foram significativamente maiores em adolescentes em comparação a crianças: cardiologia, endocrinologia, hematologia, nefrologia/transplante renal, neurologia, nutrologia, oncologia, cuidados paliativos e cuidado da dor, psiquiatria e reumatologia (p < 0,05). As frequências de visitas a serviços de emergência (30%, em comparação a 17%, p < 0,001), internações (23%, em comparação a 11%, p < 0,001), internações em unidade de terapia intensiva (6%, em comparação a 2%, p < 0,001) e óbitos (1%, em comparação a 0,6%, p = 0,002) foram significativamente menores em adolescentes do que em crianças. Contudo, o número de consultas médicas (≥ 13) por paciente (também) foi maior em grupos de adolescentes (5%, em comparação a 6%, p = 0,018). A comparação de análises adicionais entre jovens adolescentes e adolescentes mais velhos revelou que o primeiro grupo apresentou um número significativamente maior de consultas médicas (35%, em comparação a 32%, p = 0,025) e precisou de mais de duas especialidades pediátricas (22%, em comparação a 21%, p = 0,047). Da mesma forma, as frequências de visitas a serviços de emergência (19%, em comparação a 14%, p < 0,001) e internações (12%, em comparação a 10%, p = 0,035) foram maiores em jovens adolescentes. Conclusões: Este estudo avaliou uma grande população em um hospital da América Latina e sugeriu que jovens adolescentes com doenças crônicas precisaram de muitas consultas, diversas especialidades e internações hospitalares.

Abstract Objective: To describe the characteristics of children and adolescentes with chronic diseases of outpatient clinics at a tertiary university hospital. Methods: A cross-sectional study was performed with 16,237 patients with chronic diseases followed-up in one year. The data were collected through the electronic system, according to the number of physician appointments in 23 pediatric specialties. Patients were divided in two groups: children (0-9 years) and adolescents (10-19 years). Early (10-14 years) and late (15-19 years) adolescent groups were also analyzed. Results: Of the total sample, 56% were children and 46% were adolescents. The frequencies of following pediatric specialties were significantly higher in adolescents when compared with children: cardiology, endocrinology, hematology, nephrology/renal transplantation, neurology, nutrology, oncology, palliative and pain care, psychiatry, and rheumatology (p < 0.05). The frequencies of emergency service visits (30% vs. 17%, p < 0.001), hospitalizations (23% vs. 11%, p < 0.001), intensive care unit admissions (6% vs. 2%, p < 0.001), and deaths (1% vs. 0.6%, p = 0.002) were significantly lower in adolescents than in children. However, the number of physician appointments (≥13) per patient was also higher in the adolescent group (5% vs. 6%, p = 0.018). Further analysis comparison between early and late adolescents revealed that the first group had significantly more physician appointments (35% vs. 32%, p = 0.025), and required more than two pediatric specialties (22% vs. 21%, p = 0.047). Likewise, the frequencies of emergency service visits (19% vs. 14%, p < 0.001) and hospitalizations (12% vs. 10%, p = 0.035) were higher in early adolescents. Conclusions: This study evaluated a large population in a Latin American hospital and suggested that early adolescents with chronic diseases required many appointments, multiple specialties and hospital admissions.

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jped.2017.07.014 1543 downloads

Controversial issues in the management of hyperprolactinemia and prolactinomas – An overview by the Neuroendocrinology Department of the Brazilian Society of Endocrinology and Metabolism
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Vilar, Lucio

; Abucham, Julio

; Albuquerque, José Luciano

; Araujo, Luiz Antônio

; Azevedo, Monalisa F.

; Boguszewski, Cesar Luiz

; Casulari, Luiz Augusto

; Cunha Neto, Malebranche B. C.

; Czepielewski, Mauro A.

; Duarte, Felipe H. G.

; Faria, Manuel dos S.

; Gadelha, Monica R.

; Garmes, Heraldo M.

; Glezer, Andrea

; Gurgel, Maria Helane

; Jallad, Raquel S.

; Martins, Manoel

; Miranda, Paulo A. C.

; Montenegro, Renan M.

; Musolino, Nina R. C.

; Naves, Luciana A.

; Ribeiro-Oliveira Júnior, Antônio

; Silva, Cíntia M. S.

; Viecceli, Camila

; Bronstein, Marcello D.

Archives of Endocrinology and Metabolism

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mar 2018, Volume 62 N. 2 Pages 236 - 263

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

ABSTRACT Prolactinomas are the most common pituitary adenomas (approximately 40% of cases), and they represent an important cause of hypogonadism and infertility in both sexes. The magnitude of prolactin (PRL) elevation can be useful in determining the etiology of hyperprolactinemia. Indeed, PRL levels > 250 ng/mL are highly suggestive of the presence of a prolactinoma. In contrast, most patients with stalk dysfunction, drug-induced hyperprolactinemia or systemic diseases present with PRL levels < 100 ng/mL. However, exceptions to these rules are not rare. On the other hand, among patients with macroprolactinomas (MACs), artificially low PRL levels may result from the so-called “hook effect”. Patients harboring cystic MACs may also present with a mild PRL elevation. The screening for macroprolactin is mostly indicated for asymptomatic patients and those with apparent idiopathic hyperprolactinemia. Dopamine agonists (DAs) are the treatment of choice for prolactinomas, particularly cabergoline, which is more effective and better tolerated than bromocriptine. After 2 years of successful treatment, DA withdrawal should be considered in all cases of microprolactinomas and in selected cases of MACs. In this publication, the goal of the Neuroendocrinology Department of the Brazilian Society of Endocrinology and Metabolism (SBEM) is to provide a review of the diagnosis and treatment of hyperprolactinemia and prolactinomas, emphasizing controversial issues regarding these topics. This review is based on data published in the literature and the authors' experience.

https://doi.org/10.20945/2359-3997000000032 36158 downloads

10.

Immunohistochemical, lectin histochemical and ultrastructural studies of canine transmissible venereal tumor in Brazil
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Mascarenhas, Mariana B.

; Peixoto, Paulo V.

; Ramadinha, Regina R.

; Armien, Anibal G.

; Costa, Samay Z.

; Miranda, Ileana C.

; Nogueira, Vivian A.

; França, Ticiana N.

Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira

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jun 2017, Volume 37 N. 6 Pages 613 - 620

Abstract: Pt En | Text: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

RESUMO: O Tumor Venéreo Transmissível Canino (CTVT) é uma neoplasia de células células redondas, contagiosa, com origem e transmissão ainda mal compreendidas. Com a finalidade de aprofundar a investigação sobre a natureza (origem) do TVTC, bem como fornecer subsídios para o estabelecimento do diagnóstico e diagnóstico diferencial, realizaram-se avaliações imuno-histoquímica, lectino-histoquímica e ultraestrutural de TVTC(s). A avaliação imuno-histoquímica foi feita em 10 TVTCs genitais e em 6 exclusivamente extragenitais previamente diagnosticados através de citologia e da histopatologia. Os TVTCs foram testados para reagentes específicos de antígenos de membrana e citoplasmáticos (anti-lisozima, anti-macrófago, anti-vimentina, anti-CD18, anti-CD3, anti-CD79, anti-CD117) com utilização da técnica complexo avidina-biotina-peroxidase. Adicionalmente, foram utilizadas as lectinas Con A, DBA, SBA, PNA, UEA-1, WGA, sWGA, GSL, SJA, PSA, PHA-L, PHA-E e RCA em quatro TVTCs genitais. Microscopia eletrônica foi realizada em oito TVTC genitais. Em 100% dos tumores testados (16/16) com anticorpo anti-vimentina (mono e policlonal) houve forte imuno-reatividade. Não houve reatividade para os anticorpos anti-lisozima, anti-macrófago, anti-CD18, anti-CD3, anti-CD79a e anti-CD117 quando empregamos anticorpos monoclonais, entretanto, com a utilização de anticorpos policlonais verificou-se marcação dos tumores com os anticorpos anti-CD3 e anti-CD117. Na avaliação lectino-histoquímica foi verificada forte marcação das células tumorais com Con-A, PHA-L e RCA. Não houve diferença histopatológica e de imuno-reatividade entre os TVTCs genitais e extragenitais. Estes achados não corroboram com a hipótese da origem histiocítica do CTVT (ausência de reatividade dos anticorpos anti-lisozima, anti-macrófago e anti-CD18), entretanto, os resultados da avaliação lectino-histoquímica foram em parte similares aos obtidos quando células de origem linfóide/mielóide (ConA, PHA-L e RCA) foram analisadas (Gimeno et al. 1995).

ABSTRACT: Canine transmissible venereal tumor (CTVT) is a naturally occurring contagious round-cell neoplasia, with poorly understood origin and transmission. This study aims to further investigate the tumor nature through immunohistochemistry, lectin histochemistry and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analysis, and to provide support for diagnostic and differential diagnoses of CTVT. Immunohistochemistry was performed in 10 genital and six exclusively extragenital tumors, which were previously diagnosed by citology and histopathology. CTVT samples were incubated with biotinylated antibodies to specific membrane and cytoplasmic antigens (anti-lysozyme, anti-macrophage, anti-vimentin, anti-CD18, monoclonal anti-CD117, monoclonal anti-CD3, polyclonal anti-CD117, polyclonal CD3 and anti-CD79a), followed by the avidin-biotin-peroxidase complex technique. The lectins Con A, DBA, SBA, PNA, UEA-1, WGA, sWGA, GSL, JSA, PSA, PHA-L, PHA-E and RCA were additionally tested in four genital CTVTs and TEM was performed in eight genital tumors. The anti-vimentin antibody revealed strong immunoreactivity to neoplastic cells in all the assessed samples (16/16). The polyclonal anti-CD3 antibodies showed moderate to strong immunoreactivity in fourteen (14/16) and the polyclonal anti-CD117 in fifteen cases (15/16). There was no immunoreactivity to anti-lysozyme, anti-macrophage, anti-CD18, monoclonal anti-CD117, monoclonal anti-CD3 and anti-CD79a antibodies. At lectin histochemistry, it was observed strong staining of tumor cells to Con-A, PHA-L and RCA. There was no histopathological and immunoreactivity differences between genital and extragenital CTVTs. These findings do not support the hypothesis of histiocytic origin of CTVT. In contrast, the lectin histochemical results were similar to cells from lymphoid/myeloid origin.

https://doi.org/10.1590/s0100-736x2017000600014 1456 downloads

11.

Incidence of tuberculosis among patients with rheumatoid arthritis using TNF blockers in Brazil: data from the Brazilian Registry of Biological Therapies in Rheumatic Diseases (Registro Brasileiro de Monitoração de Terapias Biológicas - BiobadaBrasil)
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Yonekura, Claudia Leiko

; Oliveira, Rene Donizeti Ribeiro

; Titton, David C.

; Ranza, Roberto

; Ranzolin, Aline

; Hayata, André L.

; Duarte, Ângela

; Silveira, Inês G.

; Carvalho, Hellen M. da S. de

; Moraes, Júlio C. Bertacini de

; Abreu, Mirhelen Mendes de

; Valim, Valéria

; Bianchi, Washington

; Brenol, Claiton Viegas

; Pereira, Ivanio A.

; Costa, Izaias

; Macieira, José C.

; Miranda, José R.S.

; Guedes-Barbosa, Luiz S.

; Bertolo, Manoel B.

; Sauma, Maria Fátima Lobato da C.

; Silva, Marília B.G.

; Freire, Marlene

; Scheinberg, Morton A.

; Toledo, Roberto A.

; Oliveira, Sheila K.F.

; Fernandes, Vander

; Pinheiro, Marcelo M.

; Castro, Glaucio

; Vieira, Walber Pinto

; Baaklini, Cesar Emile

; Ruffino-Netto, Antonio

; Pinheiro, Geraldo da Rocha Castelar

; Laurindo, Ieda Maria Magalhães

; Louzada-Junior, Paulo

Revista Brasileira de Reumatologia

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2017, Volume 57 Suppl. 2 Pages s477 - s483

Abstract: Pt En | Text: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

Resumo Objetivos Avaliar incidência de tuberculose e triagem para tuberculose latente em brasileiros com artrite reumatoide em uso de agentes biológicos na prática clinica. Pacientes e métodos Estudo de coorte com dados do Registro Brasileiro de Monitoração de Terapias Biológicas (BiobadaBrasil), de 01/2009 a 05/2013, abrangeu 1.552 tratamentos, 415 somente com drogas modificadoras do curso da doença (MMCDs) sintéticas, 942 MMCDs sintéticas em associação com anti-TNF (etanercepte, infliximabe, adalimumabe) e 195 MMCDs sintéticas em associação com outros biológicos (abatacepte, rituximabe e tocilizumabe). Avaliaram-se ocorrência de tuberculose, tempo de exposição às drogas e triagem para TB. Análise estatística: teste t não pareado e teste de Fisher bicaudal; p < 0,05. Resultados O tempo de exposição dos controles foi de 981 pacientes-ano, do grupo de anti-TNF foi de 1.744 pacientes-ano (adalimumabe = 676, infliximabe = 547 e etanercepte = 521 pacientes-ano) e o de outros biológicos de 336 pacientes-ano. A incidência de TB foi de 1,01/1.000 pacientes-ano nos controles e de 2,87 pacientes-ano nos usuários de anti-TNF (adalimumabe = 4,43/1.000 pacientes-ano; etanercepte = 1,92/1.000 pacientes-ano e infliximabe = 1,82/1.000 pacientes-ano). Não houve casos de tuberculose no grupo de outros biológicos. O tempo médio de exposição até a ocorrência de tuberculose foi de 27(11) meses para o grupo anti-TNF. Conclusões A incidência de tuberculose foi maior nos usuários de MMCDs sintéticas e anti-TNF do que nos usuários de MMCDs sintéticas e de MMCDs sintéticas e biológicos não anti-TNF, e também mais tardia, sugerindo infecção durante o tratamento, e não falha na triagem.

Abstract Objectives To assess the incidence of tuberculosis and to screen for latent tuberculosis infection among Brazilians with rheumatoid arthritis using biologics in clinical practice. Patients and methods This cohort study used data from the Brazilian Registry of Biological Therapies in Rheumatic Diseases (Registro Brasileiro de Monitoração de Terapias Biológicas - BiobadaBrasil), from 01/2009 to 05/2013, encompassing 1552 treatments, including 415 with only synthetic disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs, 942 synthetic DMARDs combined with anti-tumor necrosis factor (etanercept, infliximab, adalimumab) and 195 synthetic DMARDs combined with other biologics (abatacept, rituximab and tocilizumab). The occurrence of tuberculosis and the drug exposure time were assessed, and screening for tuberculosis was performed. Statistical analysis: Unpaired t-test and Fisher's two-tailed test; p < 0.05. Results The exposure times were 981 patient-years in the controls, 1744 patient-years in the anti-TNF group (adalimumab = 676, infliximab = 547 and etanercept = 521 patient-years) and 336 patient-years in the other biologics group. The incidence rates of tuberculosis were 1.01/1000 patient-years in the controls and 2.87 patient-years among anti-TNF users (adalimumab = 4.43/1000 patient-years; etanercept = 1.92/1000 patient-years and infliximab = 1.82/1000 patient-years). No cases of tuberculosis occurred in the other biologics group. The mean drug exposure time until the occurrence of tuberculosis was 27(11) months for the anti-TNF group. Conclusions The incidence of tuberculosis was higher among users of synthetic DMARDs and anti-TNF than among users of synthetic DMARDs and synthetic DMARDs and non-anti-TNF biologics and also occurred later, suggesting infection during treatment and no screening failure.

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rbre.2017.05.005 3602 downloads

12.

Molluscicidal effect of Euphorbia umbellata (Pax) Bruyns latex on Biomphalaria glabrata, Schistosoma mansoni host snail
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Pereira, Luciana Patrícia Lima Alves

; Dias, Clarice Noleto

; Miranda, Milena Valadar

; Firmo, Wellyson da Cunha Araújo

; Rosa, Carliane dos Santos

; Santos, Priscila Freitas

; Brito, Maria Cristiane Aranha

; Araruna, Fernanda Oliveira Sousa

; Araruna, Felipe Bastos

; Silva-Souza, Nêuton

; Coutinho, Denise Fernandes

Revista do Instituto de Medicina Tropical de São Paulo

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2017, Volume 59 elocation e85

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

ABSTRACT Euphorbia umbellata (Pax) Bruyns is an easily cultivated shrub, with occurrence in the tropical regions of the American and African continents. Chemical studies have revealed that the latex of this plant is rich in terpene compounds, which are highly toxic to snails Biomphalaria glabrata (Basommatophora: Planorbidae). The aim of this study was to evaluate the chemical composition and molluscicidal activity of the latex produced by E. umbellata, as well as the safety of its application in aquatic environments. The concentration of latex that killed 90% of the exposed snails after 24 h exposure (LC90) was 3.69 mg/L. Toxicity bioassays using Danio rerio (zebrafish) revealed that these animals were less susceptible to latex than planorbids. However, it is important to perform other toxicity tests to ensure the feasibility of using latex to control populations of mollusks that contribute to schistosomiasis transmission. A phytochemical screening performed with the E. umbellata latex identified the triterpenoid and coumarin class. Further studies are warranted to isolate, identify, and test the active compounds of E. umbellata latex in B. glabrata.

https://doi.org/10.1590/s1678-9946201759085 1066 downloads

13.

Avaliação lectino-histoquímica de fígado e linfonodo mesentérico de búfalos mantidos em pastagens de Brachiaria spp.
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Miranda, Ileana C.

; Riet-Correa, Gabriela

; Oliveira Júnior, Carlos A.

; Riet-Correa, Beatriz

; Peixoto, Paulo V.

; Costa, Samay Z.R.

; d'Avila, Mariana S.

; Cid, Gabriela C.

; França, Ticiana N.

Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira

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sep 2016, Volume 36 N. 9 Pages 798 - 804

Abstract: Pt En | Text: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

Resumo: Animais que se alimentam em pastos de Brachiaria spp. comumente apresentam macrófagos espumosos isolados ou agrupados no fígado, além de cristais no interior de ductos biliares. A patogênese da formação e a natureza do material armazenado nestas células, contudo, ainda não são completamente conhecidas. Através da avaliação lectino-histoquímica, saponinas esteroidais (metabólitos glicosilados secundários) têm sido identificadas nos cristais e no citoplasma das células espumosas, e provavelmente são responsáveis por danificar o fígado e levar ao acúmulo de filoeritrina. Por meio deste trabalho, objetivou-se padronizar e caracterizar a utilização da lectino-histoquímica na detecção de metabólitos glicosilados nos tecidos de búfalos mantidos em diferentes pastos de Brachiaria spp. no Brasil. Fragmentos de fígado e linfonodo mesentérico de 40 animais foram analisados: 10 búfalos mantidos em pastagem predominante de B. decumbens por aproximadamente 12 meses; 10 búfalos mantidos em pastagem predominante de B. brizantha por aproximadamente 18 meses; 10 búfalos mantidos em pastagem de B. brizantha por aproximadamente quatro anos; e, como controle negativo, 10 búfalos mantidos em pastagem livre de Brachiaria spp. desde o nascimento. Quatorze lectinas foram testadas (Con-A, SBA, WGA, DBA, UEA, RCA, PNA, GSL-I, PSA, LCA, PHA-E, PHA-L, SJA e SWGA), em um total de 1120 fragmentos avaliados. Estudos anteriores demonstraram que a lectina PNA possui marcada reatividade para macrófagos espumosos de bovinos e ovinos. No presente estudo, a lectina SWGA apresentou acentuada reatividade e alta especificidade para macrófagos espumosos; WGA, GSL, PHA-E e PHA-L mostraram moderada a acentuada reatividade, mas baixa especificidade aos macrófagos espumosos; as outras lectinas não apresentaram reatividade ou especificidade relevantes. Além disso, não houve diferença relevante de marcação entre os fragmentos coletados de animais que se alimentaram de B. decumbens por 12 meses e B. brizantha por 18 meses. Porém, a diminuição da presença e marcação lectino-histoquímica dos macrófagos espumosos nos tecidos dos búfalos que ingeriram Brachiaria brizantha durante mais tempo indica que os animais podem passar por um processo de adaptação de acordo com o tempo de ingestão da planta. A avaliação lectino-histoquímica pode ser utilizada para caracterizar o material armazenado em macrófagos espumosos presentes no fígado e linfonodo mesentérico de búfalos que se alimentam em pastagens de Brachiaria spp. e ajuda na compreensão da patogênese de formação destas células.

Abstract: Animals grazing Brachiaria spp. commonly present foamy macrophages isolated or grouped in the liver, and crystals within biliary ducts. The pathogenesis of formation and the nature of the material stored in these cells however are not completely known. Through lectin histochemistry evaluation, steroidal saponins (secondary glycosylated metabolites) have been identified in the crystals and within the cytoplasm of the foam cells, which are probably liable for damaging the liver, leading to accumulation of phylloerythrin. This study aims to standardize and characterize the use of lectin histochemistry to detect glycosylated metabolites in tissues of buffaloes kept on different Brachiaria spp. pastures in Brazil. Fragments of liver and mesenteric lymph node from 40 buffaloes were analyzed: 10 buffaloes that were kept in predominant pasture of B. decumbens for 12 months; 10 buffaloes that were kept in pasture with a predominance of B. brizantha for 18 months; 10 buffaloes that were kept on pasture of B. brizantha for about four years; and as a negative control, 10 buffaloes that were maintained on native pasture without Brachiaria spp. since birth. Fourteen lectins were tested (Con-A, SBA, WGA, DBA, UEA, RCA, PNA, GSL-I, PSA, LCA, PHA-E, PHA-L, SJA and SWGA), in a total of 1120 evaluated samples. Previous studies demonstrated that PNA showed great binding reactivity for foamy macrophages in cattle and sheep. In the present study, SWGA showed high specificity and marked binding reactivity for foamy macrophages; WGA, GSL, PHA-E and PHA-L showed moderate to marked reactivity, but low specificity for foamy macrophages. The other lectins had not relevant reactivity or specificity. Moreover there was no relevant reactivity difference between the collected samplesd from buffaloes that grazed B. decumbens for 12 months and Brachiaria brizantha for 18 months. However the decreased presence of foamy macrophages and its lectin histochemical binding in animals that fed on B. brizantha for a longer time, indicates that the buffaloes can pass through an adaptation process according to the plant intake time. Lectin histochemistry analysis can be used to characterize the material stored in foamy macrophages present in liver and mesenteric lymph node of buffaloes that graze on Brachiaria spp. pastures and helps to clarify the pathogenesis of these cells.

https://doi.org/10.1590/s0100-736x2016000900002 1103 downloads

14.

Dynamics of Drop Impact Against Surfaces Covered with Langmuir-Blodgett Layers
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Gonçalves, Natália

; Miranda, Paulo B.

; Sabadini, Edvaldo

Journal of the Brazilian Chemical Society

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feb 2016, Volume 27 N. 2 Pages 314 - 320

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

The dynamics of sucessive impacts of water droplets against flat glass surfaces covered by Langmuir-Blodgett films of zinc stearate with 1, 3, 5 and 7 layers was investigated. The structure and resistance of monolayers to the impact was evaluated by using fast images of the drop deformation, Brewster angle microscopy (BAM) and contact angle measurements. Eventual disruption (erosion) of the layers was investigated by using sum-frequency vibrational spectroscopy (SFG).

https://doi.org/10.5935/0103-5053.20150248 1033 downloads

15.

Richness, breeding environments and calling activity of the anurofauna of the lower moa river forest, state of Acre, Brazil
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Miranda, Daniele B.

; Albuquerque, Saymon de

; Turci, Luiz Carlos B.

; Bernarde, Paulo S.

Zoologia (Curitiba)

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apr 2015, Volume 32 N. 2 Pages 93 - 108

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

In state of Acre, most anuran research has been carried out in areas of terra firme, whereas alluvial forests remain relatively unexplored. We document the richness, breeding environments and calling season of the anurans of the Lower Moa River in the Alto Juruá (state of Acre), a region considered to harbor high biodiversity. Sampling was conducted in two main areas with different forest typologies (Terra firme forest and Alluvial forest), totaling 256 ha. The diversity of anurans was analyzed using the Shannon-Wiener index, evenness and Berger - Parker dominance. The anurans were sampled from October 2008 to September 2009, using the following sampling methods: sampling at breeding sites, pitfall traps, time constrained visual search during the day (TCVSD); at night (NVTCS) and active search (AS). Fifty anuran species, belonging to eight families, were recorded: Aromobatidae (2), Bufonidae (5), Hemiphractidae (1), Hylidae (25), Leptodactylidae (9), Microhylidae (4), Ranidae (1) and Craugastoridae (3). Pitfall traps totaling 1440 day-buckets in the year. DVTCS had a total sampling effort 72 hours/person/year; NVTCS - 72 hours/person/year and AS - 24 hours/person/year. Greater richness (35 species) was recorded in the alluvial forest, low diversity index and high dominance (H' = 1.69, J' = 0.51, d = 0.62). Most likely, these values were influenced by the high relative abundance of Rhinella margaritifera in this area. The richness of the alluvial forest may be associated with environmental heterogeneity according with the theory of intermediate disturbances. The breeding activity of most species occurred in lentic environments (lakes and temporary ponds) and during the rainy season. When sampling anurans in the Amazon it is important to use two or more sampling method and to consider the different forest typologies of this biome for a better characterization of its richness.

https://doi.org/10.1590/S1984-46702015000200001 2415 downloads

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