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1.
Survival and distribution of weedy rice seedbank after twenty-two years of different rice cropping systems
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Vargas, Andrés Antonio Monge
; Agostinetto, Dirceu
; Carlos, Filipe Selau
; Cereza, Tiago Viegas
; Ulguim, André da Rosa
.
RESUMO: O arroz daninho (Oryza sativa L.) é a principal planta daninha do arroz cultivado e, devido à similaridade genética com a cultura, são poucas as alternativas de controle. Uma possibilidade são os sistemas de cultivo, em razão da influência na emergência e sobrevivência da espécie no banco de sementes do solo. Diante disso, o trabalho objetivou avaliar a longevidade e a distribuição das sementes de arroz daninho no perfil do solo, após 22 anos de cultivo, sob diferentes sistemas. Os tratamentos foram arranjados em esquema fatorial, em que o fator A foi composto por três sistemas de cultivo, realizados consecutivamente durante 22 anos, sendo esses: semeadura direta (SD), sistema convencional (SC) e pré-germinado (PG); e, o fator B composto por quatro profundidades de amostragem: 0-2, 2-5, 5-10 e 10-20 cm. As variáveis avaliadas foram: o número de sementes íntegras e deterioradas m-2; e, a porcentagem de viabilidade. Não foi verificado efeito dos sistemas até 5 cm, mas a 5-10 cm SC e PG mostraram maior quantidade de sementes, e PG a 10-20 cm. A SD proporcionou diminuição de sementes íntegras conforme aumentou a profundidade de amostragem, enquanto o sistema PG elimina menos sementes do banco de sementes do solo. Os sistemas SC e PG distribuem sementes viáveis no perfil do solo de 0 a 20 cm de profundidade. Após 22 anos, nos três sistemas de cultivo há sementes de arroz daninho viáveis até 10 cm de profundidade, sendo igual a quantidade de sementes viáveis até cinco centímetros de profundidade.
ABSTRACT: Weedy rice (Oryza sativa L.) is the most problematic weed in rice fields due to the few control management alternatives to control it, because of the genetic similarity with the crop. Different cropping systems (regarding soil preparation before sowing) have been used as options to control the persistence and emergence of the weed seedbank. Therefore, the objective of this study was to evaluate the longevity and vertical distribution of weedy rice seeds in the soil seedbank after 22 years of different rice cropping systems. Data was analyzed as a two-way factorial, with cropping systems carried out for 22 years [no-tillage (NT), conventional tillage (CT), wet direct-seeded (WDS)] as one factor and sampling depth (0-2, 2-5, 5-10 and 10-20 cm) as the other factor. The number of whole and deteriorated seeds per m-2 were assessed, as well as the viability (%). No effect between the systems were detected up to 5 cm, however at 5-10 cm CT and WDS showed higher amount of seeds, and WDS at 10-20 cm. As the sampling depth increased, NT showed fewer amount of seeds, while less reduction of the soil seedbank was observed in WDS. CT and WDS spread viable seeds in the soil profile from 0 to 20 cm depth. After 22 years there are viable weedy rice seeds up to 10 cm of depth in the three cropping systems and there is no difference among them up to 5 cm of depth, demonstrating the serious problem of the seedbank for this species.
2.
Cross-cultural invariance of the Spanish version of the COVID-19 Assessment Scorecard to measure the perception of government actions against COVID-19 in Latin America
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Caycho-Rodríguez, Tomás
; Valencia, Pablo D.
; Ventura-León, José
; Carbajal-León, Carlos
; Vilca, Lindsey W.
; Reyes-Bossio, Mario
; Delgado-Campusano, Mariel
; Yupanqui-Lorenzo, Daniel E.
; Paredes-Angeles, Rubí
; Rojas-Jara, Claudio
; Gallegos, Miguel
; Cervigni, Mauricio
; Martino, Pablo
; Polanco-Carrasco, Roberto
; Palacios, Diego Alejandro
; Moreta-Herrera, Rodrigo
; Samaniego-Pinho, Antonio
; Rivera, Marlon Elías Lobos
; Figares, Andrés Buschiazzo
; Puerta-Cortés, Diana Ximena
; Corrales-Reyes, Ibraín Enrique
; Calderón, Raymundo
; Gallegos, Walter L. Arias
; Petzold, Olimpia
; Camargo, Andrés
; Torales, Julio
; Blanco, J. Arkangel Monge
; González, Pedronel
; Smith-Castro, Vanessa
; Rivera, Wendy Yamilet Matute
; Ferrufino-Borja, Daniela
; Ceballos-Vásquez, Paula
; Muñoz-del-Carpio-Toia, Agueda
; Palacios, Jorge
; Burgos-Videla, Carmen
; León, Ana María Eduviges Florez
; Vergara, Ibeth
; Vega, Diego
; Barria-Asenjo, Nicol A.
; Schulmeyer, Marion K.
; Rios, Hassell Tatiana Urrutia
; Lira, Arelly Esther Lira
.
Abstract Objectives The present study aimed to evaluate the measurement invariance of a general measure of the perception of governmental responses to COVID-|19 (COVID-SCORE-10) in the general population of 13 Latin American countries. Methods A total of 5780 individuals from 13 Latin American and Caribbean countries selected by non-probabilistic snowball sampling participated. A confirmatory factor analysis was performed and the alignment method was used to evaluate invariance. Additionally, a graded response model was used for the assessment of item characteristics. Results The results indicate that there is approximate measurement invariance of the COVID-SCORE-10 among the participating countries. Furthermore, IRT results suggest that the COVID-SCORE-10 measures with good psychometric ability a broad spectrum of the construct assessed, especially around average levels. Comparison of COVID-SCORE-10 scores indicated that participants from Cuba, Uruguay and El Salvador had the most positive perceptions of government actions to address the pandemic. Thus, the underlying construct of perception of government actions was equivalent in all countries. Conclusion The results show the importance of initially establishing the fundamental measurement properties and MI before inferring the cross-cultural universality of the construct to be measured.
3.
Pruebas de vigor para determinar la calidad fisiológica en semillas de zanahoria (Daucus carota L.)
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Vindas Quesada, Edgar Jesús
; Monge Vargas, Andrés Antonio
; Porras Martínez, Carolina
; Barboza Barquero, Luis
.
Resumen Introducción. En el cultivo de zanahoria se practica la siembra directa, debido a que las plantas no soportan el estrés del trasplante, por lo que es fundamental utilizar semillas que germinen en máximo siete días y de forma uniforme. El vigor de las semillas está asociado al desempeño en campo y, a nivel internacional, existen diferentes pruebas para medirlo, sin embargo, en zanahoria aún las metodologías son escasas y no se encuentran estandarizadas. Objetivo. Determinar la calidad fisiológica en semillas de dos variedades de zanahoria (Daucus carota L.), mediante pruebas de vigor. Materiales y métodos. Este trabajo se realizó en el Centro para Investigaciones en Granos y Semillas de la Universidad de Costa Rica durante el año 2018. Se utilizaron semillas de las variedades Bangor y Triunfo con porcentajes de humedad de 7 %, 10 % y 13 %. Las pruebas de vigor utilizadas fueron las siguientes: protrusión radical, primer conteo de germinación (siete días), envejecimiento acelerado, conductividad eléctrica y análisis de germinación por medio de imágenes digitales. Se realizaron análisis de correlación de Pearson entre las variables estudiadas. Resultados. Se observaron coeficientes de correlación (r de Pearson) significativos de la conductividad eléctrica con variables obtenidas del análisis de imágenes: t10 (r=0,83), t50 (r=0,87) y el área bajo la curva (r=-0,72). A través de la prueba de conductividad eléctrica se determinó que el lote de Bangor presentó mayor vigor que el lote de Triunfo (Tukey, p≤0,05). Conclusiones. El análisis de imágenes digitales y la prueba de conductividad eléctrica permitieron medir el vigor en lotes de semillas de las variedades Bangor y Triunfo, y complementarlos con los resultados de germinación para determinar su calidad fisiológica.
Abstract Introduction. In carrot cultivation direct sowing is practiced because the seedling cannot resist the stress of transplanting. It is essential to use seeds that germinate in a maximum of seven days and uniformly. Seeds vigor is associated with yield performance in the field and, at the international level there are different test to measure it. However, in carrot, the methodologies are still scarce and are not standardized. Objective. To determine the physiological quality in seeds of two varieties of carrot (Daucus carota L.) by mean of vigor tests. Materials and methods. This research was carried out at the Centro para Investigaciones en Granos y Semillas (CIGRAS) of the Universidad de Costa Rica in 2018. Seeds of Bangor and Triunfo varieties with moisture percentages of 7 %, 10 %, and 13 % were used. The vigor tests used were the following: radicle protrusion, first germination count (seven days), accelerated aging, electrical conductivity, and the germination analysis by digital images. Pearson's correlation analyses were performed between the variables studied. Results. Significant correlation coefficients (Pearson's r) were observed for electrical conductivity with variables obtained from the image analysis: t10 (r=0.83), t50 (r=0.87), and the area under the curve (r=-0.72). Trough the electrical conductivity test, it was determined that the Bangor lot had greater vigor than the Triunfo lot (Tukey, p≤0.05). Conclusions. The analysis of digital images and the electrical conductivity tests allowed measuring the vigor in seed lots of Bangor and Triunfo varieties, and complementing them with germination results to determine their physiological quality.
4.
Morfología y optimización de prueba de viabilidad en semillas de Passiflora spp. de Costa Rica
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Vega-Corrales, Elizabeth
; Campos-Sánchez, Verónica
; Monge-Vargas, Andrés Antonio
; Bertsch-Hernández, Sonia
; Vargas-Ramírez, Ester
.
Resumen Introducción. En Costa Rica existen 51 especies nativas de pasifloras que poseen potencial comercial por sus características fitoquímicas. En Passiflora las características seminales pueden ser utilizadas para clasificar sus especies a nivel taxonómico. La identificación del material vegetal y el desarrollo de metodologías que permitan conocer su calidad es esencial para la propagación, producción y conservación. Objetivo. Caracterizar las semillas de Passiflora biflora y Passiflora adenopoda con base en su morfología y optimizar el protocolo para la determinación de su viabilidad por medio de la prueba de tetrazolio. Materiales y métodos. La caracterización morfológica y los ensayos de viabilidad se realizaron en 2022, en el Centro para Investigaciones en Granos y Semillas (CIGRAS), Universidad de Costa Rica. Se evaluaron doce caracteres morfológicos externos y se caracterizaron las estructuras internas de semillas de P. biflora y P. adenopoda. Para la optimización del protocolo de la prueba de tetrazolio se evaluó el efecto de dos tipos de corte (longitudinal y angular), dos concentraciones de sal de tetrazolio (0,5 % y 1 %), tres temperaturas (30, 35 y 40 °C) y cuatro tiempos de incubación (3, 6, 12 y 24 horas). Resultados. Los caracteres morfológicos evaluados permitieron clasificar las semillas como P. biflora y P. adenopoda. Al utilizar sal de tetrazolio al 1 %, un corte longitudinal, una temperatura de 40 °C y un tiempo de incubación de tres horas, se logró obtener un porcentaje de viabilidad similar (90 % en P. biflora y 91 % en P. adenopoda), y una tinción de la misma calidad, que el obtenido con el método internacional estandarizado. Conclusiones. Las características seminales evaluadas permitieron clasificar las semillas analizadas como P. biflora y P. adenopoda. Además, se logró optimizar el protocolo de la prueba de tetrazolio al disminuir el tiempo de incubación de 24 a 3 horas.
Abstract Introduction. In Costa Rica there are 51 native species of passion fruit plants that have commercial potential due to their phytochemical characteristics. In Passiflora the seminal characteristics can be used to taxonomically classify the genus species. The identification of plant material and the development of methodologies that enable quality assessment is essential for propagation, production, and conservation. Objective. To characterize Passiflora biflora and Passiflora adenopoda seeds based on their morphology and to optimize the protocol for determining their viability by means of the tetrazolium test. Materials and methods. Morphological characterization and viability trials were carried out in 2022, at the Centro de Investigaciones en Granos y Semillas (CIGRAS), Universidad de Costa Rica. Twelve external morphological characters and the internal structures of P. biflora and P. adenopoda were characterized. For the optimization of the tetrazolium test protocol, the effect of two types of cutting (longitudinal and angular), two concentrations of tetrazolium salt (0.5 % and 1 %), three temperatures (30, 35, and 40 ºC), and four incubation times (3, 6, 12, and 24 h) were assessed. Results. The morphological characters evaluated allowed the seeds to be classified as P. biflora and P. adenopoda. By using 1 % tetrazolium salt, a longitudinal cut, a temperature of 40 ºC, and an incubation time of 3 h, similar viability percentage was obtained (90 % in P. biflora and 91 % in P. adenopoda), and a staining of the same quality, as that obtained with the international standardized method. Conclusions. The seminal characteristics assessed allowed the classification of the analyzed seeds as P. biflora and P. adenopoda. In addition, the tetrazolium test protocol was optimized by reducing the incubation time from 24 to 3 hours.
5.
Observaciones fenológicas, características del aceite e isoterma de equilibrio de las semillas de Myroxylon peruiferum (Fabaceae)
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Aguilar-Sandí, Diego
; Solano-Quesada, Guillermo
; Vargas-Ramírez, Ester
; Monge-Vargas, Andrés Antonio
; Irías-Mata, Andrea
; Barboza-Barquero, Luis
.
Resumen Introducción. La información fenológica sobre Myroxylon peruiferum en Costa Rica es escasa. Además, se desconocen las características del aceite y la isoterma de equilibrio de las semillas. El conocimiento generado en este campo permitirá realizar un adecuado manejo de las semillas; y generar opciones de prospección del aceite. Objetivos. (i) Documentar un evento de floración y fructificación de un árbol de M. peruiferum. (ii) Determinar las características del aceite del fruto y la semilla. (iii) Generar una isoterma de absorción/des-absorción de agua. Materiales y métodos. De marzo a mayo de 2021, se documentó la floración y fructificación de un árbol de M. peruiferum en Montes de Oca, San José, Costa Rica. Los frutos maduros se recolectaron entre junio y julio. Se caracterizó el contenido de aceite de los frutos y de las semillas por separado. Se elaboró una isoterma de absorción/des-absorción de agua, con la que se probó el ajuste de la ecuación de Cromarty. Resultados. El periodo de floración, fructificación y dispersión duró cinco meses. Estas fenofases ocurrieron simultáneamente. El ácido oleico fue el principal ácido graso. Hubo una correlación significativa entre los porcentajes de ácidos grasos del aceite del fruto y el de la semilla, y entre los contenidos de ácidos grasos saturados, monoinsaturados y poliinsaturados. El aceite es amarillo, medianamente intenso y luminoso. Al incrementar la humedad relativa, el contenido de humedad de las semillas aumentó. La relación lineal entre los valores reales y los obtenidos mediante la ecuación de Cromarty fue de R2= 0,93. Conclusión. La recolección de frutos maduros puede realizarse entre marzo y agosto, y destinarlos a estudios de germinación, propagación y prospección del aceite. Ya establecida la relación entre la humedad relativa y contenido de humedad de la semilla, se pueden desarrollar estudios sobre almacenamiento de semillas y pérdida de viabilidad.
Abstract Introduction. Phenological information on Myroxylon peruiferum in Costa Rica is scarce. In addition, the characteristics of the oil and the equilibrium isotherm are unknown. The knowledge generated in this field will allow proper seed management and generate oil prospecting options. Objectives. (i) To document a flowering and fruiting event of a single M. peruiferum tree. (ii) To determine the characteristics of the fruit and seed oil. (iii) To generate a water absorption/de-absorption isotherm. Materials and methods. From March to May 2021, the flowering and fruiting of M. peruiferum tree was documented in Montes de Oca, San Jose, Costa Rica. Mature fruits were collected between June and July. The oil content of fruits and seeds was characterized separately. A water absorption/de-absorption isotherm was elaborated, with which the fit of the Cromarty equation was tested. Results. The flowering, fruiting, and dispersal period lasted five months. These phenophases occurred simultaneously. Oleic acid was the main fatty acid. There was a significant correlation between the percentages of fatty acid in the fruit and seed oil, and between the contents of saturated, monounsaturated, and polyunsaturated fatty acids. The oil is yellow, moderately intense, and luminous. As relative humidity increased, seed moisture content also increased. The linear relationship between the actual values and those obtained using the Cromarty equation was R2= 0.93. Conclusion. Mature fruit can be harvested between March and August, and be used for germination, propagation and oil prospecting studies. Once the relationship between relative humidity and seed moisture content is established, studies on seed storage and viability loss can be developed.
6.
Burial depths favor Italian ryegrass persistence in the soil seed bank
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Cechin, Joanei
; Schmitz, Maicon Fernando
; Hencks, Jonas Rodrigo
; Vargas, Andres Antonio Monge
; Agostinetto, Dirceu
; Vargas, Leandro
.
ABSTRACT: Italian ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam.) is a weed broadly found in fields cultivated with wheat and barley crops. Seed inputs into the soil before harvesting winter crops increase seed bank, ensuring survival. This study evaluated the persistence of Italian ryegrass seeds subjected to burial depths over time. Experiments were carried out in the field for two years in randomized block experimental design with four repetitions. Dormant seeds harvested from mother-plants were put in nylon bags containing soil. Previously, seed viability was evaluated in a 1 % tetrazolium solution, and 50 viable seeds by repetition were buried at 0.5, 5.0, 10, and 20 cm depths. Seed persistence was evaluated by the percentage of deteriorated and remaining seeds, non-dormant seeds, abnormal seedlings, and viable and non-viable dormant seeds at 0, 30, 60, 90, 180, 360, 540, and 720 days after burial (DAB). Seed persistence increased at 10 and 20 cm of burial depth compared to seeds in the soil layers up to 5 cm. Moreover, burial depth at 10 and 20 cm showed lower percentage of deteriorated seeds (10 % lower) compared to 0.5 cm at 360 DAB. For non-dormant seeds, a higher percentage was found at 90 DAB, regardless of seed burial depth. Dormancy breakage occurred until 180 DAB, and more rapidly at 10 and 20 cm depths. At 540 DAB, more than 95 % of seeds were unviable, demonstrating short persistence of Italian ryegrass in the soil seed bank.
https://doi.org/10.1590/1678-992x-2019-0078
675 downloads
7.
May the crossing between diploid and tetraploid Italian ryegrass transfer glyphosate resistance to the next generation?
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Schmitz, Maicon Fernando
; Cechin, Joanei
; Vargas, Andrés Antonio Monge
; Henckes, Jonas Rodrigo
; Vargas, Leandro
; Agostinetto, Dirceu
; Rocha, Beatriz Helena Gomes
; Bobrowski, Vera Lucia
.
ABSTRACT Italian ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam.) is a grass weed found in winter cereals, with several glyphosate-resistant diploid populations. Furthermore, the use of Italian ryegrass tetraploid genotypes creates an opportunity to increase the forage demand in replacement of diploid populations. The aim of this research was to evaluate the crossing capacity between glyphosate-resistant diploid and tetraploid Italian ryegrass to transfer glyphosate resistance to the next generation. Reciprocal crosses were performed using the susceptible tetraploid cultivar INIA Titan and resistant diploid (SVA04 biotype) plants to obtain the F1 progeny. Germination testing, survival percentage, inheritance of glyphosate-resistance, and ploidy level were evaluated in F1 progeny. Crossing of susceptible tetraploid plants ♂ and glyphosate-resistant diploid ♀ affected the germination and exhibited 4.5% of triploid plants. F1 progeny from the glyphosate-resistant diploid ♂ and susceptible tetraploid ♀ did not show germination problems, but 46% of the plants died during the initial seedling stage. For this progeny, 10 and 25% of the seedlings were composed of triploid and pentaploid individuals, respectively. Crosses between susceptible tetraploid ♀ and resistant diploid ♂ did not transfer the glyphosate-resistant for the plants. Susceptible tetraploid ♂ crossing with diploid resistant ♀ had a reduction of 47% the glyphosate-resistant plants compared to the homozygous glyphosate-resistant progeny. Overall, tetraploid Italian ryegrass can be a safe tool to reduce and manage the increase of glyphosate-resistant diploid ryegrass in field conditions.
https://doi.org/10.1590/1678-4499.20190499
562 downloads
8.
Nivel de actividad física en el entorno escolar: observación basada en el Sistema de Observación del Juego y Tiempo Libre (SOPLAY)
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Álvarez Bogantes, Carlos
; Villalobos Víquez, Grettel
; Rodríguez Méndez, Diego
; Herrera Monge, María Fernanda
; Delgado Valverde, Antonio
.
Resumen El propósito de esta investigación fue determinar los niveles de actividad física observada en los recreos escolares según el sexo, el tipo de ciclo escolar y la modalidad de horario en seis escuelas públicas de la provincia de Heredia. Este estudio descriptivo de corte transversal utilizó el Sistema de Observación del Juego y Tiempo Libre (SOPLAY) en una muestra de 1098 escolares. Para el análisis de los datos, se aplicó un análisis de corte descriptivo y uno no paramétrico de U-Mann Whitney para comparar dos muestras independientes por sexo, ciclos lectivos y tipo de horario escolar, con un criterio estadístico de p <0,05. Los resultados de este estudio muestran que las niñas prefieren ejecutar actividades más sedentarias que los niños. Y que la niñez de centros educativos de horario ampliado es más sedentaria que la que cursa en un horario de doble jornada. En la variable ciclo lectivo, no se encontraron diferencias significativas. En conclusión, los niveles de inactividad física en la niñez, si bien no se han incrementado drásticamente, son hallazgos a los que se debe prestar atención. Además, los recreos continúan siendo un elemento poco contribuyente para promover la práctica de actividad física en el entorno escolar.
Abstract Different levels of physical activity were observed during recess among students at six public schools in the Costa Rican province of Heredia and recorded according to sex, school semester and schedule. This is a descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted using the System for Observing Play and Leisure Activities (SOPLAY) in a sample group of 1098 schoolchildren. A descriptive and a non-parametric analysis of U-Mann Whitney was also used to compare two independent samples according to sex, school semester and schedule with a statistical criterion of p <0.05. Results show that girls have a preference towards more sedentary activities than boys. Children attending schools with extended school day are more sedentary than children who attend schools with double shift schooling schedules. No significant differences were found with regards to the school semesters. It was concluded that, although childhood physical inactivity levels have not risen dramatically, certain findings warrant attention, particularly when physical activity is not promoted during recess or school activities.
https://doi.org/10.15517/revedu.v44i1.37142
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9.
Reducción del riesgo cardiovascular en trabajadores de un instituto de salud especializado mediante un programa de prevención cardiovascular
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Fernández Coronado, Rosalía Ofelia
; Heredia Ñahui, Marco Antonio
; Olortegui Yzu, Adriel Raúl
; Palomino Vilchez, Rocio Yolanda
; Gordillo Monge, María Ximena
; Soca Meza, Renzo Eduardo
; Fernández Coronado, Julia Amalia
.
ABSTRACT Introduction. The cardiovascular rehabilitation programs (CRP) represent an effective multidisciplinary medical-health strategy in prevention and control of cardiovascular problems. Objective. To assess the impact of a CRP carried out in the workplace, in reducing absolute cardiovascular risk in INCOR workers. Methods. An experimental study. 41 workers with different levels of cardiovascular risk were included and were evaluated before and after their participation in the CRP on their functional capacity, cardiovascular risk factors and stress levels. The work intervention program consisted of 36 sessions of controlled physical activity, nutritional counseling, psychological counseling and laboratory evaluation. Results. The intervention get a reduction of the overall cardiovascular risk to the low level in all workers (100%), measured by the Framingham index and when it was measured with the ASCVD 2013 score, the high-risk level was eliminated and the intermediate level was reduced from 17,5% to 10%. The functional capacity shows an improvement, with an increase of cardiovascular risk level I from 19,5% to 90%. Blood lipids levels as VLDL, LDL, total cholesterol and triglycerides were significantly reduced in the post-intervention. Contrarily, in the HDL levels, the proportion of workers with non-recommended values increased to the end of the intervention. Finally, the CRP showed effectiveness in reducing workers' stress. Conclusion. A CRP could to be implemented on workplace and it shows effectiveness in reducing cardiovascular risk and stress.
RESUMEN Introducción. Los programas de rehabilitación cardiovascular (PRC) representan una estrategia médico-sanitaria multidisciplinaria eficaz en la prevención y control de los problemas cardiovasculares. Objetivos. Evaluar el impacto de un PRC realizado en el espacio de trabajo, en la reducción del riesgo cardiovascular absoluto en los trabajadores de INCOR. Métodos. Estudio experimental. Se incluyó a 41 trabajadores con diferentes niveles de riesgo cardiovascular, evaluados previa y posteriormente a su participación en el PRC sobre su capacidad funcional, sus factores de riesgo cardiovascular y niveles de estrés. El programa de intervención en el trabajo consistió en 36 sesiones de actividad física controlada, consejería nutricional, consejería psicológica y evaluación de laboratorio. Resultados. Se redujo el riesgo cardiovascular global al nivel bajo en el 100% medido mediante el índice de Framingham y en la medición con el score ASCVD 2013, se eliminó el nivel de riesgo alto y el nivel intermedio se redujo de 17,5% a 10%. La capacidad funcional mejoró, incrementándose la clase funcional I de 19,5% a 90%. Los niveles de VLDL, LDL, colesterol total y triglicéridos se redujeron significativamente en la post-intervención, mientras que para el HDL, la proporción de trabajadores con valores no recomendables se incrementó al final de la intervención. Se encontró disminución significativa del nivel de estrés. Conclusiones. Un PRC puede ser implementado en el mismo ámbito laboral y mostrar su comprobada eficacia para reducir el riesgo cardiovascular y el estrés.
10.
Modelação cronológica de sequências sedimentares do estuário da ribeira de Bensafrim com recurso à estatística bayesiana
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Portela, Paulo J. Cesário
; Martins, José M. Matos
; Soares, António M. Monge
; Ramos-Pereira, Ana
; Araújo-Gomes, João
; Torres, André
.
El estuario de la Ribera Bensafrim, situado al oeste de Algarve, fue uno de los sistemas fluviales y marinos utilizado para evaluar la evolución de ambientes costeros en los últimos 5000 años. A trav és del método de radiocarbono, se dató la materia orgánica sedimentaria presente en los núcleos verticales recogidos en este estuario. Considerando el registro estratigráfico asociado con los datos cronológicos obtenidos, se utilizó un enfoque estadístico bayesiano, utilizando el software de calibración OxCal, para obtener un marco geocronológico robusto para la secuencia sedimentaria. El análisis, basado en la construcción de un modelo de deposición para la secuencia sedimentaria, permitió identificar la presencia de valores atípicos (outliers) , así como establecer un marco geocronológico para los últimos 5000 años en el Barlavento algarvio. Más allá de este marco, se verifica que el modelo geocronológico idealizado, asociado con la caracterización sedimentológica de uno de los núcleos, apunta a la presencia de eventos de alta energía, posiblemente abarcando el tsunami luego del terremoto de Lisboa de 1755.
O estuário da Ribeira de Bensafrim, no Barlavento algarvio, foi um dos sistemas flúvio-marinhos utilizado para avaliar a evolução de ambientes costeiros ao longo dos últimos 5000 anos. Datou-se pelo radiocarbono a matéria orgânica sedimentar presente nos testemunhos verticais colhidos neste estuário. Tendo em conta o registo estratigráfico associado aos dados cronológicos obtidos, foi utilizada uma abordagem estatística bayesiana, fazendo uso do software de calibração OxCal, para obter um enquadramento geocronológico robusto para a sequência sedimentar. A análise efetuada, baseada na construção de um modelo de deposição para a sequência sedimentar, permitiu identificar a presença de outliers, bem como estabelecer um enquadramento geocronológico para os últimos 5000 anos no Barlavento algarvio. Para além deste enquadramento, verifica-se que o modelo geocronológico idealizado, associado à caracteriza ção sedimentológica de um dos testemunhos, aponta para a presença de eventos de alta energia, englobando, eventualmente, o tsunami que se seguiu ao terramoto de Lisboa de 1755.
L'estuaire de la Ribeira de Bensafrim, en Algarve auprès de Lagos, a été utilisé comme un exemple de système fluvio-marin pour évaluer l'évolution des environnements cô tiers au cours des 5 000 dernières années. La matière organique sédimentaire présente dans les échantillons verticaux collectés dans cet estuaire a été datée au radiocarbone. Compte tenu de l'enregistrement stratigraphique associé aux données chronologiques obtenues, une approche statistique bayésienne a été utilisée avec le logiciel de calibrage OxCal, pour obtenir un cadre géochronologique robuste pour la séquence sédimentaire. L'analyse, basée sur la construction d'un modèle de dépôt pour la séquence s édimentaire, a permis d'identifier la présence de valeurs aberrantes (outliers), ainsi que d'établir un cadre géochronologique pour les 5000 dernières années sur l'Ouest de la côte méridional. Par ailleurs à ce cadre, le modèle géochronologique idéalisé, associé à la caractérisation sédimentologique, montre plusieurs évènements de haute énergie responsable par l'ensablement de l'estuaire, y compris éventuellement le tsunami qui a suivi le tremblement de terre de 1755 à Lisbonne.
The Bensafrim estuary, located in Southern Portugal (Algarve coast), was selected to assess the evolution of the fluvial-marine interaction along the Portuguese coast during the last 5000 years. Sedimentary sequences were collected in this estuary and radiocarbon dated, providing the necessary chronological framework to establish a reliable palaeo-environmental reconstruction. A Bayesian approach was employed in an attempt to overcome some difficulties related with the chronological data, which was performed using the OxCal calibration software, which allows the incorporation of stratigraphic information and an outlier analysis of the dataset. The analysis enabled the identification of outliers and the assessment of a reliable deposition model for the sedimentary sequence, establishing a robust chronological framework for the last 5000 years in this region of the Portuguese coast. Also, this model associated with sedimentological characterization points to the presence of high-energy events, including eventually the tsunami that followed the Lisbon earthquake of 1755.
https://doi.org/10.18055/Finis16084
437 downloads
11.
Germination, viability and longevity of horseweed (Conyza spp.) seeds as a function of temperature and evaluation periods
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Agostinetto, Dirceu
; Vargas, Andrés Antonio Monge
; Ruchel, Queli
; Silva, Jéssica Dias Gomes da
; Vargas, Leandro
.
RESUMO: No Brasil, a buva (Conyza spp.) é uma das principais plantas daninhas devido à resistência a herbicidas e alta competividade com as culturas. Esta é responsável por perdas de produtividade em culturas como soja, milho, algodão e trigo cuja implementação da semeadura direta e a resistência aos herbicidas favorecem seu estabelecimento. O conhecimento do efeito da temperatura na germinação permite prever as regiões com maior potencial de colonização e auxiliar no manejo. Assim, objetivou-se com este trabalho determinar o efeito da temperatura na germinação, viabilidade e longevidade de sementes de buva em solo de terras altas. As temperaturas testadas foram 10, 20 e 30ºC e os períodos de avaliação 0, 15, 30, 45 e 60 dias. As sementes foram acondicionadas em saco de malha de nylon (5 x 5cm), distribuídas em 10g de solo de terras altas (Argissolo Vermelho Amarelo, de textura franco-arenosa), e, alocadas em caixas gerbox com solo a profundidade de 0 a 0,5 cm, nas temperaturas descritas. Avaliou-se em percentagem de sementes remanescentes, primeira e segunda contagem de germinação, plântulas anormais, sementes mortas, dormentes, viáveis e não viáveis. A semente de buva atinge dormência secundária, nas temperaturas de 10, 20 e 30ºC e sua qualidade e longevidade são prejudicadas nas temperaturas de 20 e 30ºC.
ABSTRACT: In Brazil, horseweed is one of the most important weeds because of the resistance to herbicides and high competitive for the crops. A large of losses were reported in major crops such as soybeans, wheat and corn, where the use a no-tillage system and the herbicide resistance promote better establishment. A correct understanding of the way temperature influences germination enables the prediction of the regions with the highest potential for colonization by this weed and thus facilitates its control. The objective of this study; therefore, was to discern the ways temperature affected the germination, viability and longevity of horseweed seeds. Testing was done at 10, 20 and 30°C, while evaluation occurred on days 0, 15, 30, 45 and 60. Seeds were packed in a nylon mesh bag (5x5cm), with 10g of upland soil (Yellow Red Argissolo, sandy loam texture), placed in transparent plastic boxes at 0 to 0.5cm soil depth, at the temperatures specified. Percentage of remaining seeds, first and second germination counts, abnormal seedlings, and dead, dormant, viable and non-viable seeds, were assessed. Horseweed seeds achieve secondary dormancy at 10, 20 and 30°C, while their quality and the longevity showed damage at 20 and 30°C temperatures.
https://doi.org/10.1590/0103-8478cr20170687
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12.
Efectos de la contratación de exempleados de multinacionales en la capacidad de absorción en empresas locales
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Abstract Attracting Foreign Direct Investment seeks, among other goals, increase productivity of local firms through knowledge spillovers. Nevertheless the empirical evidence is contradictory. One influential factor is the absorptive capacity of local firms. This article analyzes the effect of the presence of ex-employees of multinational companies, as employees of local firms in the absorption capacity of these firms. The study was conducted in Costa Rica, a country recognized for its successful strategy in this area. The data come from a survey of 1,167 companies conducted by the Costa Rican Observatory of Small and Mediums Enterprises in 2011. It was found that hiring former employees of multinational companies by local firms has a positive effect on the rate of absorption capacity. In short, this engagement of former employees of multinationals increases by nine percentage points the rate of absorption capacity, with differences for sectors and firms sizes.
Resumen La atracción de inversión extranjera directa busca, entre otros objetivos, aumentar la productividad de las empresas locales vía derrames de conocimiento. Sin embargo, la evidencia empírica al respecto es contradictoria. Un factor influyente es la capacidad de absorción de las empresas locales. Este artículo analiza el efecto de la presencia de exempleados de empresas multinacionales, como empleados de empresas locales, en la capacidad de absorción de dichas empresas. El estudio se realizó en Costa Rica, país reconocido por su exitosa estrategia en la materia. Los datos provienen de una encuesta a 1,167 empresas efectuada por el Observatorio Costarricense de las Pymes en 2011. Se halló que la contratación de exempleados de empresas multinacionales por parte de las empresas locales tiene un efecto positivo sobre el índice de capacidad de absorción de conocimiento en las empresas de todos los sectores productivos. Específicamente, esta contratación de exempleados incrementa en nueve puntos porcentuales el índice de capacidad de absorción, con diferencias por sectores y tamaños de empresas.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cya.2016.06.009
421 downloads
13.
Elementos para el diseño de una estrategia que promueva la creación de spin-offs académicas en las universidades públicas costarricenses
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Resumen El presente artículo expone los resultados del comportamiento de los factores determinantes de la creación de spin-offs académicas en las universidades públicas de Costa Rica. Se utilizó la metodología del caso y se partió del marco teórico elaborado por O`Shea, Chugh y Allen (2008) sobre los factores que determinan la creación de spin-offs académicas. La información se obtuvo por medio de entrevistas personales a funcionarios de las universidades públicas del país: Universidad de Costa Rica (UCR), Instituto Tecnológico de Costa Rica (TEC) y Universidad Nacional (UNA) y la consulta de fuentes secundarias para recabar los datos necesarios. Se encontró que el elemento determinante emprendedor académico es, por mucho, el factor trascendental. Los determinantes institucional, recursos organizativos y externo presentan debilidades que hacen difícil la aparición de spin-offs académicas, por lo que, en general, se llega a la conclusión de que el ambiente en las universidades públicas de Costa Rica es poco favorable para el emprendimiento académico. Es necesario mejorar la cantidad y calidad de la investigación en áreas de ingeniería, destinar más fondos a la investigación en estas áreas, promover la vinculación de los investigadores académicos con el sector productivo para incrementar las investigaciones aplicadas y financiadas con fondos externos, flexibilizar el marco legal a fin de contar con un ambiente universitario más favorable para el emprendimiento de spin-offs académicas y contar con fuentes de capital de riesgo. Este artículo contribuye a que los tomadores de decisiones cuenten con elementos propicios para diseñar una estrategia que fomente la creación de spin-offs académicas en las universidades públicas de Costa Rica.
Abstract This paper presents the results of the determinants about the creation of academic spin-off in public universities in Costa Rica. Case methodology was used and the theoretical framework developed by O`Shea, RP, Chugh, H, and Allen, T (2008) about the determinants of the spin-off academic. The information was collected through personal interviews of the public universities of Costa Rica (UCR, UNA and ITCR) and consultation of secondary sources to collect the data necessary. It was found that the entrepreneurial factor academia is by far the transcendental factor, determining institutional, organizational and external resources have weaknesses that make it difficult the emergence of Spin-off academic, so it is generally concluded that the environment in the public universities of Costa Rica, is unfavorable to the academic enterprise. Is required to improve the quantity and quality of research in engineering, allocate more funds for research in these areas, promote linking academic researchers with the productive sector to increase applied research and externally funded, more flexible legal framework to provide a more favorable environment for entrepreneurship in academic spin off university environment; and have sources of venture capital. This article contributes to decision makers with supportive elements to design a strategy that encourages the creation of academic spin off in public universities in Costa Rica.
https://doi.org/10.18845/tm.v29i2.2689
911 downloads
14.
Growing knowledge: an overview of Seed Plant diversity in Brazil
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Zappi, Daniela C.
; Filardi, Fabiana L. Ranzato
; Leitman, Paula
; Souza, Vinícius C.
; Walter, Bruno M.T.
; Pirani, José R.
; Morim, Marli P.
; Queiroz, Luciano P.
; Cavalcanti, Taciana B.
; Mansano, Vidal F.
; Forzza, Rafaela C.
; Abreu, Maria C.
; Acevedo-Rodríguez, Pedro
; Agra, Maria F.
; Almeida Jr., Eduardo B.
; Almeida, Gracineide S.S.
; Almeida, Rafael F.
; Alves, Flávio M.
; Alves, Marccus
; Alves-Araujo, Anderson
; Amaral, Maria C.E.
; Amorim, André M.
; Amorim, Bruno
; Andrade, Ivanilza M.
; Andreata, Regina H.P.
; Andrino, Caroline O.
; Anunciação, Elisete A.
; Aona, Lidyanne Y.S.
; Aranguren, Yani
; Aranha Filho, João L.M.
; Araújo, Andrea O.
; Araújo, Ariclenes A.M.
; Araújo, Diogo
; Arbo, María M.
; Assis, Leandro
; Assis, Marta C.
; Assunção, Vivian A.
; Athiê-Souza, Sarah M.
; Azevedo, Cecilia O.
; Baitello, João B.
; Barberena, Felipe F.V.A.
; Barbosa, Maria R.V.
; Barros, Fábio
; Barros, Lucas A.V.
; Barros, Michel J.F.
; Baumgratz, José F.A.
; Bernacci, Luis C.
; Berry, Paul E.
; Bigio, Narcísio C.
; Biral, Leonardo
; Bittrich, Volker
; Borges, Rafael A.X.
; Bortoluzzi, Roseli L.C.
; Bove, Cláudia P.
; Bovini, Massimo G.
; Braga, João M.A.
; Braz, Denise M.
; Bringel Jr., João B.A.
; Bruniera, Carla P.
; Buturi, Camila V.
; Cabral, Elza
; Cabral, Fernanda N.
; Caddah, Mayara K.
; Caires, Claudenir S.
; Calazans, Luana S.B.
; Calió, Maria F.
; Camargo, Rodrigo A.
; Campbell, Lisa
; Canto-Dorow, Thais S.
; Carauta, Jorge P.P.
; Cardiel, José M.
; Cardoso, Domingos B.O.S.
; Cardoso, Leandro J.T.
; Carneiro, Camila R.
; Carneiro, Cláudia E.
; Carneiro-Torres, Daniela S.
; Carrijo, Tatiana T.
; Caruzo, Maria B.R.
; Carvalho, Maria L.S.
; Carvalho-Silva, Micheline
; Castello, Ana C.D.
; Cavalheiro, Larissa
; Cervi, Armando C.
; Chacon, Roberta G.
; Chautems, Alain
; Chiavegatto, Berenice
; Chukr, Nádia S.
; Coelho, Alexa A.O.P.
; Coelho, Marcus A.N.
; Coelho, Rubens L.G.
; Cordeiro, Inês
; Cordula, Elizabeth
; Cornejo, Xavier
; Côrtes, Ana L.A.
; Costa, Andrea F.
; Costa, Fabiane N.
; Costa, Jorge A.S.
; Costa, Leila C.
; Costa-e-Silva, Maria B.
; Costa-Lima, James L.
; Cota, Maria R.C.
; Couto, Ricardo S.
; Daly, Douglas C.
; De Stefano, Rodrigo D.
; De Toni, Karen
; Dematteis, Massimiliano
; Dettke, Greta A.
; Di Maio, Fernando R.
; Dórea, Marcos C.
; Duarte, Marília C.
; Dutilh, Julie H.A.
; Dutra, Valquíria F.
; Echternacht, Lívia
; Eggers, Lilian
; Esteves, Gerleni
; Ezcurra, Cecilia
; Falcão Junior, Marcus J.A.
; Feres, Fabíola
; Fernandes, José M.
; Ferreira, D.M.C.
; Ferreira, Fabrício M.
; Ferreira, Gabriel E.
; Ferreira, Priscila P.A.
; Ferreira, Silvana C.
; Ferrucci, Maria S.
; Fiaschi, Pedro
; Filgueiras, Tarciso S.
; Firens, Marcela
; Flores, Andreia S.
; Forero, Enrique
; Forster, Wellington
; Fortuna-Perez, Ana P.
; Fortunato, Reneé H.
; Fraga, Cléudio N.
; França, Flávio
; Francener, Augusto
; Freitas, Joelcio
; Freitas, Maria F.
; Fritsch, Peter W.
; Furtado, Samyra G.
; Gaglioti, André L.
; Garcia, Flávia C.P.
; Germano Filho, Pedro
; Giacomin, Leandro
; Gil, André S.B.
; Giulietti, Ana M.
; A.P.Godoy, Silvana
; Goldenberg, Renato
; Gomes da Costa, Géssica A.
; Gomes, Mário
; Gomes-Klein, Vera L.
; Gonçalves, Eduardo Gomes
; Graham, Shirley
; Groppo, Milton
; Guedes, Juliana S.
; Guimarães, Leonardo R.S.
; Guimarães, Paulo J.F.
; Guimarães, Elsie F.
; Gutierrez, Raul
; Harley, Raymond
; Hassemer, Gustavo
; Hattori, Eric K.O.
; Hefler, Sonia M.
; Heiden, Gustavo
; Henderson, Andrew
; Hensold, Nancy
; Hiepko, Paul
; Holanda, Ana S.S.
; Iganci, João R.V.
; Imig, Daniela C.
; Indriunas, Alexandre
; Jacques, Eliane L.
; Jardim, Jomar G.
; Kamer, Hiltje M.
; Kameyama, Cíntia
; Kinoshita, Luiza S.
; Kirizawa, Mizué
; Klitgaard, Bente B.
; Koch, Ingrid
; Koschnitzke, Cristiana
; Krauss, Nathália P.
; Kriebel, Ricardo
; Kuntz, Juliana
; Larocca, João
; Leal, Eduardo S.
; Lewis, Gwilym P.
; Lima, Carla T.
; Lima, Haroldo C.
; Lima, Itamar B.
; Lima, Laíce F.G.
; Lima, Laura C.P.
; Lima, Leticia R.
; Lima, Luís F.P.
; Lima, Rita B.
; Lírio, Elton J.
; Liro, Renata M.
; Lleras, Eduardo
; Lobão, Adriana
; Loeuille, Benoit
; Lohmann, Lúcia G.
; Loiola, Maria I.B.
; Lombardi, Julio A.
; Longhi-Wagner, Hilda M.
; Lopes, Rosana C.
; Lorencini, Tiago S.
; Louzada, Rafael B.
; Lovo, Juliana
; Lozano, Eduardo D.
; Lucas, Eve
; Ludtke, Raquel
; Luz, Christian L.
; Maas, Paul
; Machado, Anderson F.P.
; Macias, Leila
; Maciel, Jefferson R.
; Magenta, Mara A.G.
; Mamede, Maria C.H.
; Manoel, Evelin A.
; Marchioretto, Maria S.
; Marques, Juliana S.
; Marquete, Nilda
; Marquete, Ronaldo
; Martinelli, Gustavo
; Martins da Silva, Regina C.V.
; Martins, Ângela B.
; Martins, Erika R.
; Martins, Márcio L.L.
; Martins, Milena V.
; Martins, Renata C.
; Matias, Ligia Q.
; Maya-L., Carlos A.
; Mayo, Simon
; Mazine, Fiorella
; Medeiros, Debora
; Medeiros, Erika S.
; Medeiros, Herison
; Medeiros, João D.
; Meireles, José E.
; Mello-Silva, Renato
; Melo, Aline
; Melo, André L.
; Melo, Efigênia
; Melo, José I.M.
; Menezes, Cristine G.
; Menini Neto, Luiz
; Mentz, Lilian A.
; Mezzonato, A.C.
; Michelangeli, Fabián A.
; Milward-de-Azevedo, Michaele A.
; Miotto, Silvia T.S.
; Miranda, Vitor F.O.
; Mondin, Cláudio A.
; Monge, Marcelo
; Monteiro, Daniele
; Monteiro, Raquel F.
; Moraes, Marta D.
; Moraes, Pedro L.R.
; Mori, Scott A.
; Mota, Aline C.
; Mota, Nara F.O.
; Moura, Tania M.
; Mulgura, Maria
; Nakajima, Jimi N.
; Nardy, Camila
; Nascimento Júnior, José E.
; Noblick, Larry
; Nunes, Teonildes S.
; O'Leary, Nataly
; Oliveira, Arline S.
; Oliveira, Caetano T.
; Oliveira, Juliana A.
; Oliveira, Luciana S.D.
; Oliveira, Maria L.A.A.
; Oliveira, Regina C.
; Oliveira, Renata S.
; Oliveira, Reyjane P.
; Paixão-Souza, Bruno
; Parra, Lara R.
; Pasini, Eduardo
; Pastore, José F.B.
; Pastore, Mayara
; Paula-Souza, Juliana
; Pederneiras, Leandro C.
; Peixoto, Ariane L.
; Pelissari, Gisela
; Pellegrini, Marco O.O.
; Pennington, Toby
; Perdiz, Ricardo O.
; Pereira, Anna C.M.
; Pereira, Maria S.
; Pereira, Rodrigo A.S.
; Pessoa, Clenia
; Pessoa, Edlley M.
; Pessoa, Maria C.R.
; Pinto, Luiz J.S.
; Pinto, Rafael B.
; Pontes, Tiago A.
; Prance, Ghillean T.
; Proença, Carolyn
; Profice, Sheila R.
; Pscheidt, Allan C.
; Queiroz, George A.
; Queiroz, Rubens T.
; Quinet, Alexandre
; Rainer, Heimo
; Ramos, Eliana
; Rando, Juliana G.
; Rapini, Alessandro
; Reginato, Marcelo
; Reis, Ilka P.
; Reis, Priscila A.
; Ribeiro, André R.O.
; Ribeiro, José E.L.S.
; Riina, Ricarda
; Ritter, Mara R.
; Rivadavia, Fernando
; Rocha, Antônio E.S.
; Rocha, Maria J.R.
; Rodrigues, Izabella M.C.
; Rodrigues, Karina F.
; Rodrigues, Rodrigo S.
; Rodrigues, Rodrigo S.
; Rodrigues, Vinícius T.
; Rodrigues, William
; Romaniuc Neto, Sérgio
; Romão, Gerson O.
; Romero, Rosana
; Roque, Nádia
; Rosa, Patrícia
; Rossi, Lúcia
; Sá, Cyl F.C.
; Saavedra, Mariana M.
; Saka, Mariana
; Sakuragui, Cássia M.
; Salas, Roberto M.
; Sales, Margareth F.
; Salimena, Fatima R.G.
; Sampaio, Daniela
; Sancho, Gisela
; Sano, Paulo T.
; Santos, Alessandra
; Santos, Élide P.
; Santos, Juliana S.
; Santos, Marianna R.
; Santos-Gonçalves, Ana P.
; Santos-Silva, Fernanda
; São-Mateus, Wallace
; Saraiva, Deisy P.
; Saridakis, Dennis P.
; Sartori, Ângela L.B.
; Scalon, Viviane R.
; Schneider, Ângelo
; Sebastiani, Renata
; Secco, Ricardo S.
; Senna, Luisa
; Senna-Valle, Luci
; Shirasuna, Regina T.
; Silva Filho, Pedro J.S.
; Silva, Anádria S.
; Silva, Christian
; Silva, Genilson A.R.
; Silva, Gisele O.
; Silva, Márcia C.R.
; Silva, Marcos J.
; Silva, Marcos J.
; Silva, Otávio L.M.
; Silva, Rafaela A.P.
; Silva, Saura R.
; Silva, Tania R.S.
; Silva-Gonçalves, Kelly C.
; Silva-Luz, Cíntia L.
; Simão-Bianchini, Rosângela
; Simões, André O.
; Simpson, Beryl
; Siniscalchi, Carolina M.
; Siqueira Filho, José A.
; Siqueira, Carlos E.
; Siqueira, Josafá C.
; Smith, Nathan P.
; Snak, Cristiane
; Soares Neto, Raimundo L.
; Soares, Kelen P.
; Soares, Marcos V.B.
; Soares, Maria L.
; Soares, Polyana N.
; Sobral, Marcos
; Sodré, Rodolfo C.
; Somner, Genise V.
; Sothers, Cynthia A.
; Sousa, Danilo J.L.
; Souza, Elnatan B.
; Souza, Élvia R.
; Souza, Marcelo
; Souza, Maria L.D.R.
; Souza-Buturi, Fátima O.
; Spina, Andréa P.
; Stapf, María N.S.
; Stefano, Marina V.
; Stehmann, João R.
; Steinmann, Victor
; Takeuchi, Cátia
; Taylor, Charlotte M.
; Taylor, Nigel P.
; Teles, Aristônio M.
; Temponi, Lívia G.
; Terra-Araujo, Mário H.
; Thode, Veronica
; Thomas, W.Wayt
; Tissot-Squalli, Mara L.
; Torke, Benjamin M.
; Torres, Roseli B.
; Tozzi, Ana M.G.A.
; Trad, Rafaela J.
; Trevisan, Rafael
; Trovó, Marcelo
; Valls, José F.M.
; Vaz, Angela M.S.F.
; Versieux, Leonardo
; Viana, Pedro L.
; Vianna Filho, Marcelo D.M.
; Vieira, Ana O.S.
; Vieira, Diego D.
; Vignoli-Silva, Márcia
; Vilar, Thaisa
; Vinhos, Franklin
; Wallnöfer, Bruno
; Wanderley, Maria G.L.
; Wasshausen, Dieter
; Watanabe, Maurício T.C.
; Weigend, Maximilian
; Welker, Cassiano A.D.
; Woodgyer, Elizabeth
; Xifreda, Cecilia C.
; Yamamoto, Kikyo
; Zanin, Ana
; Zenni, Rafael D.
; Zickel, Carmem S
.
Resumo Um levantamento atualizado das plantas com sementes e análises relevantes acerca desta biodiversidade são apresentados. Este trabalho se iniciou em 2010 com a publicação do Catálogo de Plantas e Fungos e, desde então vem sendo atualizado por mais de 430 especialistas trabalhando online. O Brasil abriga atualmente 32.086 espécies nativas de Angiospermas e 23 espécies nativas de Gimnospermas e estes novos dados mostram um aumento de 3% da riqueza em relação a 2010. A Amazônia é o Domínio Fitogeográfico com o maior número de espécies de Gimnospermas, enquanto que a Floresta Atlântica possui a maior riqueza de Angiospermas. Houve um crescimento considerável no número de espécies e nas taxas de endemismo para a maioria dos Domínios (Caatinga, Cerrado, Floresta Atlântica, Pampa e Pantanal), com exceção da Amazônia que apresentou uma diminuição de 2,5% de endemicidade. Entretanto, a maior parte das plantas com sementes que ocorrem no Brasil (57,4%) é endêmica deste território. A proporção de formas de vida varia de acordo com os diferentes Domínios: árvores são mais expressivas na Amazônia e Floresta Atlântica do que nos outros biomas, ervas são dominantes no Pampa e as lianas apresentam riqueza expressiva na Amazônia, Floresta Atlântica e Pantanal. Este trabalho não só quantifica a biodiversidade brasileira, mas também indica as lacunas de conhecimento e o desafio a ser enfrentado para a conservação desta flora.
Abstract An updated inventory of Brazilian seed plants is presented and offers important insights into the country's biodiversity. This work started in 2010, with the publication of the Plants and Fungi Catalogue, and has been updated since by more than 430 specialists working online. Brazil is home to 32,086 native Angiosperms and 23 native Gymnosperms, showing an increase of 3% in its species richness in relation to 2010. The Amazon Rainforest is the richest Brazilian biome for Gymnosperms, while the Atlantic Rainforest is the richest one for Angiosperms. There was a considerable increment in the number of species and endemism rates for biomes, except for the Amazon that showed a decrease of 2.5% of recorded endemics. However, well over half of Brazillian seed plant species (57.4%) is endemic to this territory. The proportion of life-forms varies among different biomes: trees are more expressive in the Amazon and Atlantic Rainforest biomes while herbs predominate in the Pampa, and lianas are more expressive in the Amazon, Atlantic Rainforest, and Pantanal. This compilation serves not only to quantify Brazilian biodiversity, but also to highlight areas where there information is lacking and to provide a framework for the challenge faced in conserving Brazil's unique and diverse flora.
https://doi.org/10.1590/2175-7860201566411
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15.
Prevalencia de úlceras por presión en un centro sociosanitario
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Aguila Pollo, Maria del Carmen
; Corrales Perez, Jose Manuel
; Buitrago Barrasa, Veronica
; Serrano Monge, Violeta
; Ramos Sanchez, Antonio
; Fernandes Ribeiro, Ana Sofía
.
The knowledge of the state of a specific health problem, such as pressure ulcers(PU) is doubtlessly the first step to manage the necessary resources for their treatment.The aim of this study was: to identify the prevalence / incidence rate in a sanitary center of medium to long stay. We have designed a longitudinal retrospective study in which all patients admitted along 2012 were analyzed. We have identified a total of 562 patients treated for PU. The results shown an average prevalence and incidence rates of patients with UP of 13.53% and 3.11% respectively.
Conocer la situación de un determinado problema de salud, como son las úlceras por Presión (UPP), es sin duda, el paso previo para poder gestionar los recursos necesarios para su tratamiento. Por ello nos hemos propuesto como objetivo principal: conocer la prevalencia/incidencia de UPP en un centro sociosanitario. Se ha diseñado un estudio descriptivo retrospectivo longitudinal, en el que se analizaron todos los pacientes ingresados en 2012 en el centro. El total de pacientes tratados con UPP fueron 562. Se obtuvo una prevalencia media de pacientes que ingresaron con UPP de 13,53% y una incidencia de pacientes con UPP de 3,11%.
https://doi.org/10.4321/S1988-348X2014000200007
848 downloads
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