ABSTRACT Hydroalcoholic extract of aerial parts of Herissantia tiubae (K. Schum.) Brizicky, Malvaceae, was evaluated in experimental models of inflammation and toxicity. For toxicity assays, male and female Swiss mice were orally treated with hydroalcoholic extract of H. tiubae (2000 mg/kg) and analyzed by consumption of water and food, body weight, mortality and rates of major organ weights, as well as biochemical and hematological indexes. For anti-inflammatory effect, phlogistic agents such as carrageenan or acetic acid were used to evaluate paw edema, cell migration and cytokine production. It was also investigated the hydroalcoholic extract of H. tiubae in RAW 264.7 macrophage lineage by nitric oxide and cytokine productions. Swiss mice treated with hydroalcoholic extract of H. tiubae showed low toxicity and (50 or 100 mg/kg) was able to reduce significantly (p < 0.01, p < 0.001) polymorphonuclear cell migration, TNF-α and IL-1β production in the carrageenan-induced peritonitis. However the hydroalcoholic extract of H. tiubae (50, 100 or 200 mg/kg) did not reduce carrageenan-induced paw edema. Additionally, hydroalcoholic extract of H. tiubae did not present cytotoxicity at concentrations of 6.25, 12.5, 25 or 50 µg/ml but induced significantly decrease of NO, TNF-α and IL-6 production in macrophage lineage. This study suggests that hydroalcoholic extract of H. tiubae has anti-inflammatory activity by inhibiting cell migration mainly by decreasing the inflammatory cytokine levels at the inflamed site independently of the anti-edematogenic effect.

Este trabalho foi realizado em um vale aluvial irrigado do semiárido do Brasil (Estado de Pernambuco). O objetivo foi investigar o efeito de lâminas de lixiviação e de precipitação no controle da salinidade do solo em lisímetros de drenagem. Com base em simulações numéricas, utilizando-se do modelo HYDRUS-1D, avaliaram-se o fluxo e o transporte de sais na zona não saturada. Mediante medidas de campo de evapotranspiração real e precipitação, foi possível inferir que o modelo se apresentou como ferramenta adequada nas simulações realizadas, para diferentes cenários de lâminas de lixiviação. Verificou-se, experimental e numericamente, que a lixiviação parcial pode ser utilizada como alternativa de manejo para a redução da salinidade na zona radicular, desde que precipitações efetivas possam complementar o processo de lavagem.

This study has been developed in an irrigated alluvial aquifer in the semi-arid zone of Brazil (State of Pernambuco). The objective was to investigate the effect of different leaching depths and precipitation on reducing soil salinity in drainage lysimeters. Based on numeric simulations using the HYDRUS-1D model, flow and salt transport in the unsaturated zone were evaluated. By using measured actual evapotranspiration and precipitation, it was verified that the model is a satisfactory tool to simulate flow and transport in the studied situations considering different leaching depths. Numerical and experimental results pointed out that the partial leaching could be used for reduction of the salinity in the root zone, as far as effective precipitation might complement the leaching process.