BACKGROUND The Bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccine comprises a family of strains with variable protective efficacy against pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) and leprosy, partly due to genetic differences between strains. OBJECTIVES Previous data highlighting differences between the genomes and proteomic profiles of BCG strains Moreau and Pasteur led us to evaluate their behaviour in the macrophage microenvironment, capable of stimulating molecular responses that can impact the protective effect of the vaccine. METHODS Strain infectivity, viability, co-localisation with acidified vesicles, macrophage secretion of IL-1 and MCP-1 and lipid droplet biogenesis were evaluated after infection. FINDINGS We found that BCG Moreau is internalised more efficiently, with significantly better intracellular survival up to 96 h p.i., whereas more BCG Pasteur bacilli were found co-localised in acidified vesicles up to 6 h p.i. IL-1β and MCP-1 secretion and lipid droplet biogenesis by infected macrophages were more prominent in response to BCG Pasteur. MAIN CONCLUSION Overall, our results show that, compared to Pasteur, BCG Moreau has increased fitness and better endurance in the harsh intracellular environment, also regulating anti-microbial responses (lower IL-1b and MCP-1). These findings contribute to the understanding of the physiology of BCG Moreau and Pasteur in response to the intraphagosomal environment in a THP-1 macrophage model.

Abstract The action of substances with non-permeable cryoprotectant potential, besides glucose, has not yet been studied for the species Prochilodus brevis. The objective of this work was to evaluate the action of four non-permeable cryoprotectants on this species sperm cryopreservation. Five pools were cryopreserved in a solution of 5% glucose and 10% dimethyl sulfoxide (Me2SO) associated or not (control) with cryoprotectants egg yolk (5, 10 or 12%), soy lecithin (2.5, 7.5 or 10%), sucrose (5, 10 or 20%) and lactose (5, 8 or 15%). After thawing, samples were evaluated for sperm kinetics (total motility, motility duration, velocities, and wobble - WOB), morphology and membrane and DNA integrity. The treatments containing egg yolk improved significantly (P<0.05) results when compared the control for the membrane integrity parameter. When compared to other treatments, egg yolk, at any concentration, presented higher results (P<0.05) for membrane integrity, total motility, curvilinear velocity (VCL) and average path velocity (VAP) parameters. Egg yolk also showed the best results for WOB, but it did not differ from 5% and 8% lactose and 5% and 20% sucrose. Soy lecithin had the lowest percentages of morphologically normal sperm (P<0.05), while the other treatments did not differ from each other. There was no difference regarding DNA integrity data. Thus, 5% egg yolk is indicated as a non-permeable cryoprotectant for P. brevis, in association with 5% glucose and 10% Me2SO.

RESUMO O controle do mosquito Aedes aegypti, vetor de patógenos causadores da dengue, Zika e chikungunya é prioritário, e sensibilizar a população quanto à prevenção, através de práticas educativas, pode impactar na redução do número de casos. Dentre essas práticas, existem propostas que exploram a ludicidade, incluindo o uso de jogos de tabuleiro educativos. O presente trabalho analisou cinco propostas ludopedagógicas com jogos de tabuleiro, publicadas entre 2015 e 2019, e concluiu que apesar de 40% dos trabalhos demonstrarem preocupação em escutar os alunos, as abordagens priorizam a memorização de conteúdos factuais e procedimentais. Além disso, as propostas demonstram baixo letramento lúdico nos professores e alunos envolvidos nas pesquisas.

ABSTRACT Controlling Aedes aegypti, the vector of pathogens that cause dengue, Zika and chikungunya is a priority, and raising the awareness of the population about prevention, through educational practices, may reduce the number of cases of these diseases. One of these practices is the use of educational board games. The present study analyzed five playful pedagogical proposals with board games, published between 2015 and 2019, and concluded that although 40% of the studies listen to the students, the approaches prioritize the memorization of factual and procedural contents. In addition, the proposals demonstrate the low playful literacy of the teachers and students involved in the research.

RESUMO OBJETIVO Analisar o grau de conhecimento das adolescentes brasileiras em relação à contracepção de emergência (CE) como administração correta, frequência de uso, eficácia, mecanismo de ação, efeitos adversos e complicações. MÉTODO Estudo transversal. Adolescentes de 11 a 19 anos responderam questionário contendo questões sobre sexualidade, conhecimento e uso de CE. RESULTADOS Das 148 adolescentes entrevistadas, 8% desconheciam a CE. Entre as sexualmente ativas, 56,7% utilizaram a CE pelo menos uma vez. A chance de obter informação sobre CE com amigos triplica entre 15-19 anos [p=0,04; OR=3,18(1,08-10,53)]. A maioria usou a CE em dose única, afirmou que evita gravidez em 80% e que deve ser usada até 72 horas após relação sexual desprotegida. Somente 41,2% entre 10-14 anos e 82,4% entre 15-19 anos sabem que evita a fecundação. Uso em casos de estupro e relação sexual desprotegida foi citado por 58,3% nas com 10-14 anos e 79,6% entre 15-19 anos. Quanto aos efeitos colaterais, 58,8% de 10-14 e 17,6% das com ≥15 anos não souberam responder, mas 60,5% entre 15-19 anos citaram náuseas e vômitos. Importante parcela (17,6-41,2%) acredita que a CE causa aborto, câncer, infertilidade e malformações fetais. Mais de 80% concorda que pode causar irregularidade menstrual. CONCLUSÃO O conhecimento em relação à CE não é satisfatório, principalmente quanto aos seus riscos, independente da idade e escolaridade dos grupos avaliados. A melhora do conhecimento pode proporcionar maior adesão à CE e acarretar redução da gravidez não planejada.

SUMMARY OBJECTIVE To analyze the degree of knowledge of Brazilian adolescents regarding emergency contraception (EC) such as correct administration, frequency of use, efficacy, mechanism of action, adverse effects, and complications. METHODS Cross-sectional study. Adolescents aged 11-19 years answered a questionnaire containing questions about sexuality, knowledge, and use of EC. RESULTS Out of 148 adolescents who were interviewed 8% did not know about the EC. Among the sexually active, 56.7% used EC at least once. The chance of obtaining EC information with friends triples between 15-19 years old [p=0.04; OR=3.18 (1.08-10.53)]. Most used single-dose EC. They said that EC prevents 80% of pregnancy and should be used within 72 hours after unprotected sex. Only 41.2% between 10-14 years old and 82.4% between 15-19 years old know that it prevents fertilization. As reasons for using they cited: rape and unprotected sex in 58.3% of those aged 10-14 years old and 79.6% between 15-19 years old. About side effects, 58.8% of 10-14 years old and 17.6% of those aged ≥15 years old could not answer, but 60.5% between 15-19 years old mentioned nausea and vomiting. A significant portion (17.6-41.2%) believes that EC causes abortion, cancer, infertility, and fetal malformations. Over 80% of the girls agree that it can cause menstrual irregularity. CONCLUSION Knowledge regarding EC is not satisfactory, especially regarding its risks, regardless of the age and education of the groups evaluated. Improved knowledge may lead to greater adherence to EC and lead to a reduction in unplanned pregnancies.

Resumo A despeito de considerar a divisão sexual do trabalho como um problema, a psicodinâmica do trabalho ainda não investiga, de maneira aprofundada, as diferenças de gênero no trabalho. Este estudo objetivou realizar uma revisão sistemática dos estudos sobre a psicodinâmica do trabalho feminino nas principais bases de dados nacionais e internacionais, nos idiomas inglês, português, francês e espanhol. Os resultados evidenciaram que, do total de 236 artigos selecionados para revisão, apenas 29 tratam do trabalho feminino. Conclui-se que as especificidades de gênero devem ser consideradas em profundidade no campo da psicodinâmica do trabalho.

Abstract Despite of considering the sexual division of labor as a problem, the work psychodynamics has not yet investigated in depth the gender differences at work. This study aimed to carry out a systematic review of studies on the psychodynamics of women's work in the main national and international databases, in English, Portuguese, French and Spanish. The results show that, of the total of 236 articles selected for review, only 29 deal with women's work. It is concluded that gender specificities must be considered in depth in the field of work psychodynamics.

The Bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccine comprises a family of genetically different strains derived by the loss of genomic regions (RDs) and other mutations. In BCG Moreau, loss of RD16 inactivates rv3405c * , encoding a transcriptional repressor that negatively regulates the expression of Rv3406, an alkyl sulfatase. To evaluate the impact of this loss on the BCG and host cell viability and the cytokine profile, THP-1 cells were infected with BCG Moreau (harbouring the empty vector) and a complemented strain carrying a functional copy of rv3405c. Viability of the host cells and bacteria as well as the pattern of cytokine secretion were evaluated. Our results show that the viability of BCG Moreau is higher than that of the complemented strain in an axenic medium, suggesting a possible functional gain associated with the constitutive expression of Rv3406. Viability of the host cells did not vary significantly between recombinant strains, but differences in the profiles of the cytokine secretion (IL-1β and IL-6) were observed. Our results suggest an example of a functional gain due to gene loss contributing to the elucidation of the impact of RD16 on the physiology of BCG Moreau.

RESUMO Objetivo: Discutir a aplicabilidade clínica do Potencial Evocado Auditivo com Estímulo de Fala (PEATEf) no auxílio à identificação dos transtornos do processamento auditivo. Métodos : Foram selecionados os prontuários de 27 crianças e adolescentes, com idade entre sete e 15 anos, que apresentaram alteração no PEATEf. Foram levantados os dados referentes à avaliação comportamental do processamento auditivo desses indivíduos. Resultados: Observou-se que das 27 crianças com PEATEf alterado, 23 também apresentaram alteração de processamento auditivo. A partir dessa amostra, foi possível apontar probabilidade de 85,15% em observar avaliação comportamental do processamento auditivo alterada em uma criança que apresentou PEATEf também alterado. Conclusão: Sugere-se que o PEATEf pode ser utilizado na prática clínica como uma ferramenta importante no diagnóstico do Transtorno do Processamento Auditivo, uma vez que neste estudo uma alteração do PEATEf quase sempre representou, também, uma alteração nos resultados da avaliação comportamental do processamento auditivo, portanto pode ser utilizado para obter informações acerca da percepção dos sons da fala em crianças menores de sete anos ou de difícil avaliação comportamental.

ABSTRACT Purpose : To discuss the clinical applicability of the speech-evoked Auditory Brainstem Response (speech-evoked ABR) to help identifying auditory processing disorders. Methods : We analyzed the records of 27 children and adolescents, aged between seven and 15, who presented abnormal speech-evoked ABR. Then, the data from the behavioral auditory processing evaluation of these individuals were surveyed. Results : It was observed that, among the 27 children with abnormal speech-evoked ABR, 23 also had auditory processing disorders. Therefore, from this sample, an 85.15% probability of observing abnormal behavioral assessment of auditory processing in a child who presented abnormal speech-evoked ABR was obtained. Conclusion : It is argued that the speech-evoked ABR can be used in clinical practice as an important aid tool in the diagnosis of auditory processing disorder, because, in this study, an abnormal speech-evoked ABR usually represented a deficit in the results of behavioral assessment of auditory processing. Thus, it can be used to obtain information about the perception of speech sounds in children under seven years or with challenging behavioral assessment.

The bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccine is the only licensed vaccine for human use against tuberculosis (TB). Although controversy exists about its efficacy, the BCG vaccine is able to protect newborns and children against disseminated forms of TB, but fails to protect adults against active forms of TB. In the last few years, interest in the mucosal delivery route for the vaccine has been increasing owing to its increased capacity to induce protective immune responses both in the mucosal and the systemic immune compartments. Here, we show the importance of this route of vaccination in newly developed vaccines, especially for vaccines against TB.

O estudo fitoquímico das raízes de Dahlstedtia glaziovii (Fabaceae) forneceu um novo dibenzoilmetano (glaziovione), juntamente com dezoito compostos conhecidos. Suas estruturas foram determinadas através de métodos espectroscópicos de ressonância magnética nuclear (NMR) 1D e 2D (correlação heteronuclear única quântica, HSQC, e correlação heteronuclear de múltipla ligação, HMBC) e espectrometria de massas de alta resolução (HRMS). A atividade antiproliferativa foi investigada para os extratos, para os dibenzoilmetanos 2'-metóxi-8-(α-α-dimetilalil)-furano-[4",5":3',4']-dibenzoilmetano, 3,4-metilenodioxi-2'-metóxi-8-(α-α-dimetilalil)-furano-[4",5":3',4']-dibenzoilmetano e pongamol, e para as flavonas lanceolatina B, karanjina, pongapina e 3',4'-metilenodioxi-2",2"-dimetilpirano-[5",6":8,7]-flavona. Os dibenzoilmetanos foram mais ativos do que as flavonas. A atividade antimicrobiana foi investigada para os extratos, sendo que estes não se apresentaram ativos.

A phytochemical study of roots of Dahlstedtia glaziovii (Fabaceae) furnished a new dibenzoylmethane (glaziovione), along with eighteen known compounds. Their structures were determined through 1D and 2D nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) (heteronuclear single quantum coherence, HSQC, and heteronuclear multiple bond correlation, HMBC) and high-resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS) spectral analyses. The antiproliferative activity was investigated for the crude extracts, the dibenzoylmethanes 2'-methoxy-8-(α-α-dimethylallyl)-furano-[4",5":3',4']-dibenzoylmethane, 3,4-methylenedioxy-2'-methoxy-8-(α-α-dimethylallyl)-furano-[4",5":3',4']-dibenzoylmethane and pongamol, and the flavones lanceolatin B, karanjin, pongapin and 3',4'-methylenedioxy-2",2"-dimethylpyrano-[5",6":8,7]-flavone. The dibenzoylmethanes were more active than the flavones.The extracts were evaluated for their antimicrobial effects, but none was shown to be active.

The vaccine Bacillus of Calmette Guérin (BCG) was originally developed in France as an oral vaccine against tuberculosis. The oral use of this vaccine was replaced by the parenteral route in almost all countries after the Lubeck disaster. In contrast, Brazil retained the oral delivery of the vaccine until the mid-seventies when it was replaced by the intradermal route. This change in route of delivery was mainly secondary to pressure by medical practitioners based on the poor responses of oral immunized subjects to purified protein derivative (PPD) skin tests. Even after the change of route of delivery, Ataulpho de Paiva Foundation continued making the oral vaccine. Currently, BCG Moreau has been described as one of the most immunogenic and with fewer side effects than other BCGs. The genomics, proteomics and vaccine trials for oral BCG Moreau Rio de Janeiro are currently under investigation. In this review, we intend to describe the history of BCG Moreau Rio de Janeiro in Brazil.

Com o objetivo de verificar os efeitos das condições de amadurecimento sobre o despencamento natural de bananas 'SH 3640', foi instalado um experimento segundo delineamento inteiramente casualizado, com quatro tratamentos: T1 - amadurecimento em temperatura ambiente (24,6 ± 1,7ºC); T2 - pré-condicionamento dos frutos a 5ºC por 6 horas, seguido de amadurecimento em temperatura ambiente; T3 - pré-condicionamento dos frutos a 5ºC por 12 horas, seguido de amadurecimento em temperatura ambiente; T4 - amadurecimento dos frutos em sacos de polietileno de baixa densidade a 18ºC. Foram utilizadas 6 repetições para as observações anatômicas e 4 repetições para as avaliações de resistência ao despencamento, consistência da polpa do fruto maduro e do tempo entre a colheita e o amadurecimento, sendo cada repetição constituída de um fruto. Os frutos dos tratamentos T2 e T4 apresentaram maior resistência ao despencamento natural, o que é justificado pelo aumento da espessura e pela maior deposição de lignina nas paredes celulares. Os frutos do tratamento T4 tiveram o amadurecimento retardado em relação aos demais. Os frutos dos diversos tratamentos não diferiram quanto à consistência da polpa.

Aiming to verify the effects of the ripening conditions on the finger drop of bananas 'SH 3640', this experiment was set up on an entirely randomized design, with four treatments: T1 - ripening under environmental temperature (24.6 ± 1.7ºC); T2 - preconditioning of the fruits at 5ºC for 6 hours, following the ripening under environmental temperature; T3 - preconditioning of the fruits at 5ºC for 12 hours, following the ripening under environmental temperature; and T4 - ripening of the fruits in low-density polyethylene bags at 18ºC. Six replicates were used for the anatomical observations, and 4 replicates for evaluating the resistance to finger drop, pulp consistence of the ripe fruit and the number of days from harvest to ripening, with each replicate consisting of one fruit. The fruits of treatments T2 and T4 showed higher resistance to finger drop, what is justified by the increase in either thickness and the highest lignin deposition in the cellular wall. Fruits of treatment T4 showed a delayed ripening, comparing to the others's. The fruits of all treatments showed no differences for consistence of the pulp.

Este trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar os parâmetros químicos e físico-químicos como aporte ao desenvolvimento do processo para a conservação da polpa de cupuaçu por métodos combinados, como opção aos métodos onerosos (ex.: congelamento), como alternativa para redução de perdas pós-colheita da polpa do cupuaçu junto a pequenos e médios produtores. Foram selecionados os seguintes obstáculos: ajuste da Aw da polpa para 0,97 e 0,95, utilizando sacarose em concentrações de 22,5% e 34% em relação ao peso da polpa, ajuste do pH para 3,0, adição de benzoato de sódio em concentrações a 500 ppm, dióxido de enxofre (SO2) a 400 ppm e branqueamento a 90ºC/2 minutos. Os resultados indicaram que os obstáculos selecionados se mostraram adequados para garantir a estabilidade microbiológica e físico-química da polpa num período de 20 dias.

This work had the objetive of evaluate chemical and physico-chemical standards as a support in the development of the preservation process of cupuaçu pulp by combined methods as an alternative to costly technics (ex.: freezing), reducing post-harvests lost of cupuaçu pulp for small and medium farmers. The following obstacles were chosen: water activity adjustment for values of Aw 0,97 and Aw 0,95 by addition of sucrose (22,5% and 34%, respectively); slow reduction of pH to 3,0; addition of sodium benzoate (500ppm); addition of sulfite dioxide (400ppm) and the use of branching (T = 90ºC/2min). The results indicated that the selected obstacles were suitable to guarantee the microbiological and physico-chemical stability of the pulp during 20 days of storage.