RESUMO Objetivo O objetivo deste estudo é fazer um levantamento das diferentes complicações da sacrectomia parcial, total ou estendida para tratamento de tumores da coluna vertebral. Métodos O estudo é uma análise descritiva de prontuários de uma série de 18 pacientes submetidos à sacrectomia entre 2010 e 2019 em um centro terciário especializado em cirurgias de neoplasia na coluna. As variáveis analisadas foram sexo, idade, tempo de internação, diagnóstico oncológico, padrão de fixação posterior, taxa de complicações e escalas de Frankel, ASA e ECOG. Resultados Dos 18 pacientes, 10 (55,5%) eram homens e 8 (44,5%) mulheres com média de idade de 48 anos. O tempo médio de internação foi de 23 dias. Dos 18 pacientes, 8 (44,5%) contraíram infecções pós-operatórias com necessidade de cirurgia. As complicações perioperatórias incluíram fistula liquórica (22,25%), instabilidade hemodinâmica com necessidade de medicação vasoativa no pós-operatório imediato (22,25%), deiscência da ferida operatória (11,1%), abdome obstrutivo agudo (11,1%), oclusão da artéria ilíaca externa esquerda (11,1%), óbito pós-operatório imediato por infarto agudo do miocárdio (11,1%) e óbito intraoperatório por instabilidade hemodinâmica (11,1%). Conclusões A sacrectomia parcial, total ou estendida é um procedimento complexo com alta taxa de mortalidade e morbidade, mesmo em centros especializados no tratamento de tumores na coluna. Nível de evidência IV; Série de casos.

ABSTRACT Objective The aim of this study was to conduct a survey of the different complications of partial, total or extended sacrectomy for the treatment of spinal tumors. Method This study is a descriptive analysis of medical records from a series of 18 patients who underwent sacrectomy between 2010 and 2019 at a tertiary center specializing in spinal tumor surgeries. The variables analyzed were sex, age, hospitalization time, oncologic diagnosis, posterior fixation pattern, rate of complications, and Frankel, ASA and ECOG scales. Results Of the 18 patients, 10 (55.5%) were male and 8 (44.5%) were female, and the mean age was 48 years. The mean hospitalization time was 23 days. Of the 18 patients, 8 (44.5%) contracted postoperative infections requiring surgery. Perioperative complications included liquoric fistula (22.25%), hemodynamic instability requiring vasoactive drugs in the immediate postoperative period (22.25%), wound dehiscence (11.1%), acute obstructive abdomen (11.1%), occlusion of the left external iliac artery (11.1%), immediate postoperative death due to acute myocardial infarction (11.1%), and intraoperative death due to hemodynamic instability (11.1%). Conclusions Partial, total or extended sacrectomy is a complex procedure with high morbidity and mortality, even in centers specializing in the treatment of spinal tumors. Level of evidence IV; case series study.

RESUMEN Objetivo El objetivo de este estudio es evaluar las diferentes complicaciones de la sacrectomía parcial, total o extendida para el tratamiento de tumores vertebrales. Métodos El estudio es un análisis descriptivo de las historias clínicas de 18 pacientes sometidos a sacrectomía entre 2010 y 2019 en un centro terciario especializado en cirugías de neoplasia de columna. Las variables analizadas fueron sexo, edad, estancia hospitalaria, diagnóstico de cáncer, patrón de fijación posterior, tasa de complicaciones, escalas de Frankel, ASA y ECOG. Resultados De los 18 pacientes, 10 (55,5%) eran hombres y 8 (44,5%) mujeres con una edad promedio de 48 años. La estancia hospitalaria promedio fue de 23 días. De los 18 pacientes, 8 (44,5%) contrajeron infecciones posoperatorias que requirieron cirugía. Las complicaciones perioperatorias incluyeron fístula de líquido cefalorraquídeo (22,25%), inestabilidad hemodinámica que requirió medicación vasoactiva en el posoperatorio inmediato (22,25%), dehiscencia de la herida quirúrgica (11,1%), abdomen obstructivo agudo (11,1%), oclusión de la arteria ilíaca externa izquierda (11,1%), muerte posoperatoria inmediata por infarto agudo de miocardio (11,1%) y muerte intraoperatoria por inestabilidad hemodinámica (11,1%). Conclusiones La sacrectomía parcial, total o extendida es un procedimiento complejo con una alta tasa de mortalidad y morbilidad, incluso en centros especializados en el tratamiento de tumores de la columna. Nivel de evidencia IV; Series de casos

Resumo Objetivo Avaliar a correlação entre dados do exame físico relativos à rotação do quadril e torção tibial com a cinemática do plano transverso em crianças com paralisia cerebral; e determinar quais pontos no tempo e eventos do ciclo de marcha apresentam maior correlação com achados do exame físico. Métodos Um total de 195 crianças com paralisia cerebral vistas em dois laboratórios de marcha, de 2008 a 2016, foi incluído neste estudo. As medidas do exame físico incluíram rotação interna do quadril, rotação externa do quadril, ponto médio da rotação do quadril e ângulo do eixo transmaleolar. Foram selecionados seis parâmetros cinemáticos para cada segmento, para avaliar a rotação do quadril e a do pé em relação à perna durante a marcha. As correlações entre exame físico e medidas cinemáticas foram analisadas por coeficientes de correlação de Spearman, e considerou-se um nível de significância de 5%. Resultados Comparando as medidas da rotação do quadril e da cinemática do quadril, encontramos correlações moderadas a fortes para todas as variáveis (p<0,001). Os coeficientes mais altos foram observados entre o ponto médio da rotação do quadril no exame físico e a rotação do quadril na cinemática (rho range: 0,48-0,61). Correlações moderadas também foram encontradas entre a medição do ângulo do eixo transmaleolar no exame físico e a rotação do pé em relação à perna na cinemática (faixa rho: 0,44-0,56; p<0,001). Conclusão Estes achados podem ter implicações clínicas na avaliação e no tratamento de desvios da marcha do plano transverso em crianças com paralisia cerebral.

Abstract Objective To evaluate the correlation between physical examination data concerning hip rotation and tibial torsion with transverse plane kinematics in children with cerebral palsy; and to determine which time points and events of the gait cycle present higher correlation with physical examination findings. Methods A total of 195 children with cerebral palsy seen at two gait laboratories from 2008 and 2016 were included in this study. Physical examination measurements included internal hip rotation, external hip rotation, mid-point hip rotation and the transmalleolar axis angle. Six kinematic parameters were selected for each segment to assess hip rotation and shank-based foot rotation. Correlations between physical examination and kinematic measures were analyzed by Spearman correlation coefficients, and a significance level of 5% was considered. Results Comparing physical examination measurements of hip rotation and hip kinematics, we found moderate to strong correlations for all variables (p<0.001). The highest coefficients were seen between the mid-point hip rotation on physical examination and hip rotation kinematics (rho range: 0.48-0.61). Moderate correlations were also found between the transmalleolar axis angle measurement on physical examination and foot rotation kinematics (rho range 0.44-0.56; p<0.001). Conclusion These findings may have clinical implications in the assessment and management of transverse plane gait deviations in children with cerebral palsy.

ABSTRACT Objective: To evaluate whether distal rectus femoris transfer (DRFT) is related to postoperative increase of knee flexion during the stance phase in cerebral palsy (CP). Methods: The inclusion criteria were Gross Motor Function Classification System (GMFCS) levels I-III, kinematic criteria for stiff-knee gait at baseline, and individuals who underwent orthopaedic surgery and had gait analyses performed before and after intervention. The patients included were divided into the following two groups: NO-DRFT (133 patients), which included patients who underwent orthopaedic surgery without DRFT, and DRFT (83 patients), which included patients who underwent orthopaedic surgery that included DRFT. The primary outcome was to evaluate in each group if minimum knee flexion in stance phase (FMJFA) changed after treatment. Results: The mean FMJFA increased from 13.19° to 16.74° (p=0.003) and from 10.60° to 14.80° (p=0.001) in Groups NO-DRFT and DRFT, respectively. The post-operative FMJFA was similar between groups NO-DRFT and DRFT (p=0.534). The increase of FMJFA during the second exam (from 13.01° to 22.51°) was higher among the GMFCS III patients in the DRFT group (p<0.001). Conclusion: In this study, DRFT did not generate additional increase of knee flexion during stance phase when compared to the control group. Level of Evidence III, Retrospective Comparative Study.

OBJECTIVE: To identify gait patterns in a large group of children with diplegic cerebral palsy and to characterize each group according to age, Gross Motor Function Classification System (GMFCS) level, Gait Deviation Index (GDI) and previous surgical procedures. METHODS: One thousand eight hundred and five patients were divided in seven groups regarding observed gait patterns: jump knee, crouch knee, recurvatum knee, stiff knee, asymmetric, mixed and non-classified. RESULTS: The asymmetric group was the most prevalent (48.8%). The jump knee (9.6 years old) and recurvatum (9.4 years old) groups had mean age lower than the other groups. The lowest GDI (43.58) was found in the crouch group. There were more children classified within GMFCS level III in the crouch and mixed groups. Previous surgical procedures on the triceps surae were more frequent in stiff knee and mixed groups. The jump knee group received less and the stiff-knee group more surgical procedures at hamstrings than others. CONCLUSIONS: The asymmetrical cases were the most frequent within a group of diplegic patients. Individuals with crouch gait pattern were characterized by the lowest GDI and the highest prevalence of GMFCS III, while patients with stiff knee exhibited a higher percentage of previous hamstring lengthening in comparison to the other groups. Level of Evidence III, Retrospective Comparative Study.

OBJETIVO: Descrever o padrão de movimento dos joelhos e tornozelos na fase de apoio em grupos etários diferentes, com a proposta de identificar como estes parâmetros comportam-se durante a maturação da marcha normal. MÉTODOS: Foram considerados como critérios de inclusão a ausência de patologias osteo-musculares e neurológicas, e a realização de exame tridimensional da marcha de forma voluntária e consentida. Os dados cinemáticos foram coletados durante a velocidade auto selecionada no grupo de 34 crianças com idade média de 9.7 + 2.7 anos e no grupo de 17 adultos com idade média 25 + 3.8 anos. As variáveis analisadas foram: 1) Flexão de joelhos ao contato inicial, 2) Primeiro pico de flexão dos joelhos no apoio, 3) Flexão mínima dos joelhos no apoio e 4) Dorsiflexão máxima dos tornozelos no apoio. Os dados obtidos foram comparados entre os grupos e submetidos à análise estatística. RESULTADOS: Os resultados mostraram que o grupo de crianças apresentou um maior grau de flexão de joelhos na fase de apoio, porém a dorsiflexão dos tornozelos foi similar à apresentada pelos adultos. CONCLUSÃO: Na amostra estudada, o padrão de movimento dos joelhos na fase de apoio foi diferente entre crianças (9.7 anos em média) e adultos (25 anos em média), o que sugere que o processo de maturação da marcha normal pode se prolongar até a segunda década de vida.

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the movement pattern of knee and ankle during stance phase in order to analyze the behavior of these parameters during gait maturation process. METHODS: Subjects without neuro-muscular diseases and with complete documentation at gait laboratory were included. Kinematics data were collected during self-selected speed in the children group (n =34) with mean age of 9.7 + 2.7 years and in the adult group (n =17) with mean age 25 + 3.8 years. The variables analyzed were 1) Knee flexion at initial contact 2) First peak knee flexion in stance 3) Minimum knee flexion in stance and 4) Peak of ankle dorsiflexion in stance. RESULTS: The results were compared and underwent statistical analysis. The children group showed higher knee flexion in stance than the adult group; however, dorsiflexion peak in stance did not present statically significant differences between groups. CONCLUSION: In the studied group, knee flexion during stance phase was different between children (mean age 9.7 years) and adults (mean age 25 years), which suggests that gait maturation process can last until the second decade of life.