Resumen: Introducción: el tumor sólido pseudopapilar de páncreas o “tumor de Frantz” fue descrito por primera vez en 1959, es una de la neoplasias menos frecuentes que representa 1-2% de los tumores pancreáticos. Predomina en pacientes jóvenes del sexo femenino. La mayoría de los diagnósticos son incidentales por pruebas de imagen, estos tumores causan poca sintomatología; sin embargo, predominan el dolor abdominal en epigastrio, náuseas, vómito, saciedad precoz, distensión abdominal, pérdida de peso e ictericia. La tomografía axial computarizada es el estudio de elección. El estudio histológico confirma el diagnóstico. El principal sitio de metástasis ocurre en hígado y bazo. El tratamiento en todos los casos es quirúrgico. Cuando la resección es completa el pronóstico es excelente con una supervivencia de 95% a cinco años. Se presentan dos casos clínicos en pacientes del sexo femenino de 16 y 25 años, respectivamente, evaluadas en consulta por cuadro clínico caracterizado por dolor abdominal inespecífico, plenitud gástrica y vómitos. Los estudios complementarios de ambos casos mediante tomografía axial computarizada simple y contrastada de abdomen total y pelvis concluyen en el primer caso, tumoración dependiente de cuerpo y cola de páncreas; en el segundo, masa dependiente del hilio esplénico. Se efectúa manejo quirúrgico en ambos casos, al realizar pancreatectomía distal en bloque y esplenectomía, respectivamente. El estudio de patología confirmó el diagnóstico de ambos.

Abstract: Introduction: the solid pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas or “Frantz tumor” was described for the first time in 1959, it is one of the less frequent neoplasms representing 1-2% of pancreatic tumors. It predominates in young female patients. Most of the diagnoses with incidental imaging tests, these tumors cause few symptoms, however, epigastric abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, early satiety, abdominal distension, weight loss and jaundice predominate. Computed tomography is the study of choice. The histological study confirms the diagnosis. Its main metastatic sites occur in the liver and spleen. Treatment in all cases is surgical. When the resection is complete the prognosis is excellent with a survival of 95% at five years. Two clinical cases are presented in female patients aged 16 and 25, respectively, evaluated in consultation for a clinical picture characterized by nonspecific abdominal pain, gastric fullness, and vomiting. The complementary studies of both cases by means of simple and contrasted Computed Tomography of the total abdomen and pelvis concluded the first case: a dependent tumor of the body and tail of the pancreas and; In the second mass dependent on splenic hilum, surgical management is performed in both cases, performing in bloc pancreatectomy and splenectomy, respectively. The pathology study confirmed the diagnosis of both.

Abstract Fracturing analysis of low-permeability rocks as reservoir analogs have increased in recent years. The main mechanism involved in the development of secondary porosity in low-permeability, fine-grained limestones of the Irati Formation is fracturing. In these rocks, oil accumulates along fracture planes, vuggy porosity, microfractures, breccias, as well as bedding discontinuities. Joints represent the central element for oil migration and the connection between accumulation sites. Joints are unevenly distributed across the succession of rock types, where carbonate rocks have a much denser array of joints than shales and siltstones. From a mechanical stratigraphy point of view, limestones have a brittle behavior and constitute mechanical units. Ductile shale and siltstone are mechanical interfaces capable of blocking joint propagation. Joints running NW-SE are more effective in trespassing the mechanical interface and are, therefore, more persistent. Joints running NE-SW are less persistent because the ductile behavior of the first two shale beds above the limestone blocks their propagation. The spatial arrangement of regional NW-SE and NE-SW joints promoted reservoir connection, allowing oil migration and accumulation. The joints and oil migration (at least three phases) developed as a consequence of the Gondwana Breakup and are also associated with local pressure gradients.

ABSTRACT The purpose of the research was to prove that the application of the self-instructional manual improves the pre-professional teaching performance of the students of the professional school of mathematics and physics of the national university Hermilio Valdizán, for which a research of type was developed explanatory and quasi-experimental design; the study population consisted of 84 students and a non-random sample was taken, with experimental group = 12 and control group = 14; the instrument used was a valued evaluation test, with the name of initial and final test, with ten indicators each test, whose valuation is from 1 to 4 for each indicator, which produced the following rating scale: [10 - 40] ; for the processing of the data, the descriptive statistics and inferential statistics were used, obtaining the following result and conclusion: in the dimension Planning of the pedagogical work, the test T value = 2.23; in the Management dimension of learning-teaching processes, the Test T value = 2.92; and, in the Professional Responsibility dimension, the Test T value = 2.80; in all three cases they were located to the right of t critic = 1.71; which is the rejection zone, therefore the null hypothesis was rejected and the alternative hypothesis was accepted; as a conclusion it was proved that the application of the self-instructional manual improves the teaching performance in the three dimensions in the students of the Professional School of Mathematics and Physics

RESUMEN El propósito de la investigación era probar que la aplicación del manual auto instructivo mejora el desempeño docente pre-profesional de los estudiantes de la escuela profesional de matemática y física de la Universidad Nacional Hermilio Valdizán, para ello se desarrolló una investigación de tipo explicativa y diseño cuasi experimental; la población de estudio estaba constituido por 84 estudiantes y se tomó una muestra no aleatoria, con grupo experimental = 12 y grupo de control = 14; el instrumento utilizado fue una prueba valorada de evaluación, con el nombre de prueba inicial y final, con diez indicadores cada prueba, cuya valoración es de 1 a 4 por cada indicador, lo que produjo la siguiente escala de calificación: [10 - 40]; para el procesamiento de los datos se usó la estadística descriptiva y estadística inferencial, obteniéndose el resultado y conclusión siguiente: en la dimensión planificación del trabajo pedagógico, el valor T de Prueba = 2,23; en la dimensión gestión de los procesos de aprendizaje-enseñanza, el valor T de Prueba = 2,92; y, en la dimensión responsabilidad profesional, el valor T de Prueba = 2,80; en los tres casos se ubicaron a la derecha de t crítica = 1,71; que es la zona de rechazo, por lo tanto se rechazó la hipótesis nula y se aceptó la hipótesis alterna; como conclusión se probó que la aplicación del manual auto instructivo mejora el desempeño docente en las tres dimensiones en los estudiantes de la Escuela Profesional de Matemática y Física

Resumen Las poblaciones de chile silvestre (Capsicum annuum var. glabriusculum) son un recurso genético valioso y le conocimiento de la capacidad germinativa es de gran importancia para su manejo y conservación. Se estimó los efectos de la luz y temperatura sobre la germinación, su relación con el peso de semilla de cinco poblaciones de chile silvestre del Noroeste de México. Las semillas se obtuvieron de plantas que crecieron en invernadero bajo condiciones de crecimiento: 50 y 100 % de luz solar. Los tratamientos de incubación (cámaras de germinación) fueron: temperatura fluctuante (25-35 °C) y constante (25 °C). Las variables fueron porcentaje de germinación final y tiempo medio de germinación (T50). Ambas variables presentaron mayor germinación y velocidad en temperatura fluctuante. Estas fluctuaciones de temperaturas son determinantes en los procesos germinativos. Se observó variación significativa (P ≤ 0.05) en 50 y 100 % de luz aunque las plantas se adapten al 50 %, tienen mejor adaptabilidad en 100 % de luz. La temperatura tuvo efecto significativo en (T50) pero no en porcentaje de germinación. El peso de semilla no se correlacionó significativamente con la germinación final, esto indica que el ambiente donde crecieron las plantas madres (efectos maternos) tuvo efecto sobre la germinación, además, las plantas hijas crecieron en invernadero, establecen diferencias entre poblaciones con una base genética.

Abstract The populations of wild chili pepper (Capsicum annuum var. glabriusculum) are a genetic valuable resource and the knowledge of the germinative ability, is of great importance for its management and conservation. The effects of the temperature on germination of wild chili grown in two environment of light, and the relation with the weight of 100 seeds of five populations of wild chili of the Northwest of Mexico, were recorded. The mother plants grown in greenhouse conditions with 50 and 100 % of solar light. The treatments applied in the germination cameras matched: Fluctuating temperature (25-35 ºC) and constant temperature (25 ºC). The treatment variables were the following: percentage of final germination and mean germination time (T50). These variables performed a greatest treatment response of fluctuating temperature. A widely variation among 50 and 100 % of light was recorded with natural conditions. These temperature fluctuations are determinant in germinative processes. The temperature performed a significantly response in terms of the effect in germination velocity (T50) but not in germination percentage. The final germination was not significantly correlated with the seed weight due to maternal effects. In addition, plants grown in greenhouse conditions, differentiate among populations with a genetic basis.

RESUMO: Os cinturões de dobramento Brasília e Ribeira foram estabelecidos na porção sul-sudoeste do Cráton São Francisco durante a orogenia Brasiliana-Pan Africana (0,9-0,5 Ga - Toniano ao Cambriano) e tiveram um importante papel na colagem do continente Gondwana Oeste. A região apresenta um complexo cinturão de dobras e empurrões regionais que foram superpostos por cisalhamento nos termos finais desta orogenia, com atuação de campos de esforço de diferentes orientações e resultando em uma zona de interferência estrutural. Estas escamas de empurrão compreendem assembleias de crosta inferior a superior de diferentes blocos tectônicos (Paranapanema, São Francisco) e rochas metamórficas geradas durante este evento. A reavaliação de dados de gravimetria terrestre com uma abordagem orientada pelo conhecimento geológico, informação sismológica (modelo CRUST1) e dados magnéticos (modelo EMAG2) revelou detalhes da configuração da crosta profunda e a geometria da zona de interferência na região. O mapa de anomalia de Bouguer Simples mostra uma distribuição heterogênea de densidade na área, salientando a presença de rochas de alta densidade e grau metamórfico ao longo da zona de sutura de Alterosa, disposta sobre a Nappe de Socorro-Guaxupé e entre uma série de escamas de rochas metassedimentares em um sistema de nappes com importante verticalização dos pacotes ao longo das zonas de cisalhamento regionais tardias. Modelos diretos sobre os dados gravimétricos favorecem a interpretação de interferência estrutural até o Norte da nappe de Guaxupé. A comparação com modelos geotectônicos aponta similaridades com cinturões acrecionários modernos e renova a discussão.

ABSTRACT: The Brasília and Ribeira fold belts have been established in south-southwestern São Francisco Craton during the Brasiliano-Pan African orogeny (0.9-0.5 Ga - Tonian to Cambrian), and played an important role in West Gondwana continent assembly. The region is given by a complex regional fold and thrust belt superposed by shearing during the orogeny late times, with superposing stress fields forming a structural interference zone. These thrust sheets encompasses assemblies from lower- to upper-crust from different major tectonic blocks (Paranapanema, São Francisco), and newly created metamorphic rocks. Re-evaluation of ground gravity datasets in a geologically constrained approach including seismology (CRUST1 model) and magnetic data (EMAG2 model) unveiled details on the deep- crust settings, and the overall geometry of the structural interference zone. The Simple Bouguer Anomaly map shows heterogeneous density distribution in the area, highlighting the presence of high-density, high metamorphic grade rocks along the Alterosa suture zone in the Socorro-Guaxupé Nappe, lying amid a series of metasedimentary thrust scales in a regional nappe system with important verticalization along regional shear zones. Forward gravity modeling favors interpretations of structural interference up North into Guaxupé Nappe. Comparison to geotectonic models shows similarities with modern accretionary belts, renewing the discussion.

The aim of the present article was to assess inflammatory response caused by implantation of Bioceramic material in rats’ subcutaneous tissue. Nine male Wistar rats were used (Rattus Norvegicus) to which four dentin tubes filled with Bioceramic sealing cement material and one empty tube (control group) were implanted. Results were analyzed in three time periods (96 hours, 10 and 21 days). Animals were sacrificed by anesthetic overdose. Obtained samples were processed by hematoxylin and eosin staining in order to be analyzed with microscope. Results after 96 hours revealed moderate inflammation in 75% of all cases and severe inflammation in 25% of all cases. Ten days later, inflammation decreased from moderate (67%) to mild (25%). At the final period of 21 days, moderate to mild inflammation was observed (50%). It was concluded that there was presence of moderate to severe inflammation at initial periods which decreased to mild inflammation at the final period. «Bioceramic» brand material exhibits acceptable biological response in rats’ subcutaneous tissues.

El propósito fue evaluar la respuesta inflamatoria a la implantación del material Bioceramic en tejido subcutáneo de ratas. Se utilizaron nueve ratas machos Wistar (Rattus norvegicus) a las que les implantaron cuatro tubos de dentina rellenos con cemento sellador Bioceramic y un tubo vacío como grupo control. Se analizaron en tres periodos de tiempo (96 horas, 10 y 21 días). Los animales fueron sacrificados por sobredosis y las muestras obtenidas se procesaron mediante tinción con hematoxilina y eosina para ser analizadas microscópicamente. Los resultados mostraron a las 96 horas inflamación moderada en 75% y severa en 25%. 10 días después disminuyó la inflamación de moderada (67%) a severa (25%). En el periodo final de 21 días se observó inflamación moderada a leve (50%). Se concluye que existió inflamación de moderada a severa en los periodos iniciales, disminuyó a leve en el último periodo. Bioceramic presenta una aceptable respuesta biológica en tejido subcutáneo de ratas.

Revascularization surgery should ensure morphological similarity between the coronary artery and the graft. This is an important factor for its duration and permeability. The aim of this study was to analyze the morphological characteristics and morphometrics of the coronary artery segments with greater occlusion. This was an observational, cross-sectional descriptive study that consisted of two phases. A macroscopic phase in which 11 cadaveric hearts were extracted and coronary dominance and length of the anterior interventricular artery (AIA), the right coronary artery (RCA) and the circumflex artery (CXA) were determined. In the microscopic phase a total of 77 segments of these arteries were obtained and the luminal diameter, wall thickness, and amount of elastic fibers and the presence and size of the atheroma were determined. Right coronary dominance was the most frequent. Total vessel length was 15.65±1.17 cm for the AIA, 12.67±2.02 cm for the RCA and 8.79±2.5 cm for the CXA. Diameters ranged from 2.3 mm in the proximal segments and between 1.1 mm to 1.8 mm in the distal segments. Wall thickness in the proximal segments was between 354 µm and 396 µm and in the distal segments it ranged from 120 µm to 305 µm. The amount of elastic fibers showed that they were muscular arteries. Atheromas were present in 35% in the CXA, and in 32.5% in the AIA and the RCA. The largest ones were found in the proximal segments. This study examined the morphology and morphometry of the segments of the coronary arteries that are more frequently occluded. It provides information on the most significant parameters to be considered for election of the vascular graft in myocardial revascularization surgery.

En la cirugía de revascularización miocárdica se debe asegurar la similitud morfológica entre la arteria coronaria y el injerto. Esto es un factor importante en su duración y permeabilidad. El objetivo fue analizar las características morfológicas y morfométricas de los segmentos de mayor oclusión de las arterias coronarias. Estudio observacional, transversal y descriptivo que constó de dos fases. Una macroscópica en la que se extrajeron 11 corazones de cadáveres y se determinó la dominancia coronaria y longitud de la arteria interventricular anterior (AIA), la arteria coronaria derecha (ACD) y la arteria circunfleja (ACX). En la fase microscópica se obtuvo un total de 77 segmentos de estas arterias y se determinó el diámetro luminal, grosor de pared, cantidad de fibras elásticas y presencia y tamaño de ateroma. La dominancia coronaria derecha fue la más frecuente. La longitud total de los vasos fue de 15,65±1,17 cm para la AIA, de 12,67±2,02 cm para la ACD y 8,79±2,5 cm para la ACX. Los diámetros oscilaron entre los 2,3 mm en los segmentos proximales y entre 1,1 mm a 1,8 mm en los segmentos distales. Los grosores de pared en los segmentos proximales se presentaron entre 354 µm y 396 µm y en los segmentos distales oscilaron entre 120 µm a 305 µm. La cantidad de fibras elásticas demostró que son arterias musculares. El 35% de los ateromas se presentó en la ACX y el 32,5% en la AIA al igual que en la ACD. Los de mayor tamaño se encontraron en los segmentos proximales. Este estudio analizó la morfología y la morfometría de los segmentos de las arterias coronarias que se ocluyen con mayor frecuencia. Los resultados encontrados aporta información sobre los parámetros más significativos que se deben considerar para la elección del injerto vascular en la cirugía de revascularización miocárdica.

Uma investigação do controle tectônico da morfologia fluvial e dos processos sedimentares de uma área localizada a sudoeste da cidade de Manaus, na Bacia do Amazonas, foi conduzida a partir do uso de dados de sensores remotos orbitais. Nessa região, o baixo gradiente topográfico representa o principal obstáculo para a análise morfotectônica usando métodos convencionais. O uso de dados de sensores remotos pode contribuir significativamente para superar essa limitação. Desse modo, dados de sensoriamento remoto, compreendendo modelo digital de elevação (DEM) obtido pelo Shuttle Radar Topographic Mission (SRTM) e imagens Landsat TM, foram utilizados para essa investigação. Técnicas avançadas de processamento de imagem foram empregadas para realce de imagens topográficas e sua elaboração tridimensional, permitindo desse modo, a interpretação dos elementos morfotectônicos. Isso permitiu o reconhecimento de principais compartimentos tectônicos, diversas feições morfoestruturais e formas de relevo relacionadas à evolução neotectônica dessa porção da Bacia do Amazonas. Feições como escarpas de falha, padrão anômalo na drenagem, alinhamentos de relevo, vales e divisores d'água foram realçados nas imagens como notáveis lineamentos ao longo das direções NE-SW, NW-SE, E-W e N-S. Essas feições foram associadas à geometria de estruturas do tipo horste e gráben alternados, este último preenchido por unidades sedimentares recentes. A interpretação morfotectônica usando essa técnica mostrou-se eficiente e permitiu o reconhecimento de novas feições tectônicas as quais foram denominadas de Gráben Assimétrico Ariaú, Bacia Romboédrica de Manacapuru e Gráben Castanho-Mamori.

An investigation of the tectonic controls of the fluvial morphology and sedimentary processes of an area located southwest of Manaus in the Amazon Basin was conducted using orbital remote sensing data. In this region, low topographic gradients represent a major obstacle for morphotectonic analysis using conventional methods. The use of remote sensing data can contribute significantly to overcome this limitation. In this instance, remote sensing data comprised digital elevation model (DEM) acquired by the Shuttle Radar Topographic Mission (SRTM) and Landsat Thematic Mapper images. Advanced image processing techniques were employed for enhancing the topographic textures and providing a three-dimensional visualization, hence allowing interpretation of the morphotectonic elements. This led to the recognition of main tectonic compartments and several morphostructural features and landforms related to the neotectonic evolution of this portion of the Amazon Basin. Features such as fault scarps, anomalous drainage patterns, aligned ridges, spurs and valleys, are expressed in the enhanced images as conspicuous lineaments along NE-SW, NW-SE, E-W and N-S directions. These features are associated to the geometry of alternated horst and graben structures, the latter filled by recent sedimentary units. Morphotectonic interpretation using this approach has proven to be efficient and permitted to recognize new tectonic features that were named Asymmetric Ariaú Graben, Rombohedral Manacapuru Basin and Castanho-Mamori Graben.

La finalidad de la presente investigación fue determinar necesidades de extensión agrícola, en sistemas ganaderos de doble propósito del municipio Rosario de Perijá, estado Zulia, Venezuela, para diseñar futuros programas de extensión. A tal efecto se seleccionó una muestra estadísticamente representativa, siguiendo un muestreo aleatorio estratificado con afijación proporcional, considerando el tamaño del rebaño por finca desde 20 hasta 2000 unidades animales (UA) como criterio de selección, quedando la población objeto de estudio constituida por cinco estratos que corresponden a un total de 518 unidades de producción y una muestra de 43. Para la recolección de datos se realizaron observaciones de campo, entrevistas y encuestas, se obtuvo información relacionada con cada ítem y se analizaron aplicando el programa estadístico SAS. Las principales necesidades de extensión agrícola que se detectaron en los sistemas ganaderos del Municipio son: Recepción de apoyo institucional 9,1%, organización 20%, contaminación ambiental 69,2%, criterios tecnológicos 33,2% y participación familiar 30,2%, razón por la cual el Estado debe abocarse a la búsqueda de soluciones para facilitar y resolver los problemas antes mencionados. Mediante un marco normativo, políticas y reglamentos adecuados, infraestructura educativa, de capacitación, de comunicación e información eficiente, y mediante estímulos específicos para fomentar alianzas estratégicas, empresas innovadoras, investigación y experimentación y para apoyar la formación e implementación de proyectos.

The purpose of the present investigation was to determine necessities of agricultural extension, in cattle systems of dual purpose of the Municipality Rosario of Perijá, Zulia State, Venezuela; to design futures extension programs. For that reason, a sample was selected statistically representative, following a random sampling stratified with proportional afijatión, whereas clause the size of the flock for property in Animal Unit (UA) between 20 and 2000 like selection criterion, being population object of study constituted by five layers that correspond to a total of 518 and one shows respectively of 43 units of production. For the data collection observations of field, interviews and survey were made, information related to each item was obtained and they were analyzed applying the statistical program SAS. The main necessities of agricultural extension that it affects the agrarian system of the Municipality are: institutional support receives it in 9.1%, organization 20%, environmental contamination 69.2%, technological criteria 33.2% and family participation 30.2%. Reason for which the State must be led the search of solutions to facilitate and to solve the problems before mentioned: by means of a normative frame, political and suitable regulations, educative infrastructure, of qualification, communication and efficient information, and by means of specific stimuli to foment strategic alliances, innovating companies, investigation and experimentation and to support the formation and implementation of projects.

A produtividade dos poços tubulares profundos em terrenos cristalinos é extremamente variável e depende, além das propriedades intrínsecas da rocha, de fatores externos a ela. Na bacia do rio Jundiaí, Região Sudeste do Brasil, a existência de descontinuidades abertas em situações geológicas favoráveis à recarga constitui o principal fator que influencia a produtividade dos poços. Nesta área, zonas de cisalhamento e zonas de falhas pré-cambrianas reativadas ao longo do tempo geológico controlam a compartimentação morfoestrutural e a deposição de sedimentos cenozóicos. O cruzamento do mapa estrutural com os dados dos poços que explotam o Sistema Aqüífero Cristalino mostrou que poços com produtividade elevada em relação aos demais concentram-se ao longo das estruturas regionais. O forte controle estrutural sobre a produtividade dos poços também é notável em escala de detalhe. Nesta escala, constatou-se que os poços mais produtivos situam-se em áreas onde estruturas rúpteis de direção NW-SE e E-W denotam a ação de esforços transtrativos neotectônicos. A compreensão da história evolutiva aliada à análise do fraturamento mostrou ser uma técnica eficiente e de baixo custo, conveniente para ser utilizada na seleção de áreas onde, posteriormente, métodos mais dispendiosos poderão ser aplicados.

The well productivity in crystalline terrains is extremely changeable and depends on external factors, in addition to the intrinsic properties of rocks. In the Jundiaí River Catchment, Southeastern Brazil, the main factor that influences well productivity is the existence of open discontinuities permeability in geologic environments that favor groundwater recharge. In that area, Pre-Cambrian shear and fault zones were reactivated throughout geologic time, controlling the morphostructural compartments and the Cenozoic sedimentary deposition. Superposition of productivity data and structural maps showed that more productive wells are concentrated mainly along the regional geologic structures. The structural control over well productivity is also noticeable in detailed scale. Using fine scale maps we show that the most productive wells are located in areas where brittle structures with NW-SE and E-W directions denote the action of neotectonic transtensional stress. The comprehension of evolutionary geologic history allied to fracturing analysis proved to be an efficient and a low cost technique, which is adequate for selecting areas for further developments using more expensive methods.

Este estudo foi desenvolvido para determinar a presença de MMP2 em colesteatomas humanos e observar se colesteatomas que complicam (invasivos) apresentam uma maior expressão imunohistoquímica de Matriz Metaloproteinase 2 (MMP2). Colesteatomas produzem enzimas que causam erosão óssea, como a MMP2. MATERIAL E MÉTODO: Analisamos a expressão imunohistoquímica de MMP2 em colesteatomas invasivos, comparando-os aos latentes. Um estudo de corte transversal com dezenove lâminas e blocos parafinados de colesteatoma, derivados de mastoidectomias, foram desparafinados e submetidos à técnica imunohistoquímica com anticorpos anti-MMP2. RESULTADOS: Os resultados foram expressos em 0 (tênue), + (leve), ++ (moderado) e +++ (intenso), de acordo com a intensidade da expressão de MMP2. As expressões 0 e + foram denominadas Fraca e as expressões ++ e +++, Forte. Dos 8 colesteatomas invasivos, 7 apresentaram Forte expressão de MMP2 (87,5%). Com relação aos colesteatomas latentes (11), apenas 3 apresentaram Forte expressão de MMP2 (27,3%), com um teste exato de Fisher significante (p= 0,015). CONCLUSÃO: Colesteatomas expressam MMP2 e colesteatomas invasivos expressam MMP2 com maior intensidade, em relação aos latentes.

AIM: This study is to determine the MMP2’s presence in cholesteatomas and whether complicating cholesteatomas show a higher immunohistochemical expression of matrix metalloproteinase 2. Cholesteatoma produces enzymesthat cause bone erosion like Matrixmetalloproteinase 2 (MMP2). MATERIAL AND METHODS: We analyzed the expression of MMP2 in invasive (causing complications) compared to latent cholesteatomas (not causing complications). A crosssectional study with nineteen slides and paraffin blocks of cholesteatomas derived from mastoidectomies were located and processed, including 8 invasive and 11 latent cholesteatomas. Immunohistochemical thecnique was empregated to MMP2. RESULTS: The results are expressed as 0, + (to low), ++ and +++(high) according to the quantity and color of the immunohistochemical staining of MMP2. Higher expression of MMP2 was observed in 7 (87.5%) of the 8 invasive cholesteatomas. With respect to latent cholesteatomas, higher expression of MMP2 was observed in 27.3% (3 cases), with Fisher’s exact test indicating a significant difference (p=0.015). CONCLUSIONS: Cholesteatoamas express MMP2 and Invasive cholesteatomas had high MMP2 compared to latent cholesteatomas.

Corn silage mixed in different proportions with red clover silage was evaluated using dairy cows at the Carillanca Regional Research Center of the National Agricultural Research Institute (INIA), located in Temuco, Chile (38º 41’ South lat., 72º 25’ West long. at 200 m.o.s.l.). Eight autumn calving cows were assigned to each treatment for 70 days. The treatments consisted of three isonitrogenous rations: TI, 100% corn silage; TII, 66% corn silage and 33% red clover silage; and TIII, 33% corn silage and 66% red clover silage. In addition, all cows received 4 kg of alfalfa and 6 kg concentrate. The experimental design was a completely randomized block design and the statistical analysis was performed using repeated means. There was a significant statistical difference (P<0.05) observed in milk production between TIII and the other treatments, which disappeared when corrected to 3.5% milk fat. There were no treatment differences in milk composition. There were significant differences in dry matter intake and live weight between TI and the other treatments. The body condition was significantly different between treatments and the cows in TIII were the only ones who lost body condition as a result of being lighter from the beginning of the experiment. Finally, blood serum measures showed a significant difference for the enzyme (AST) aspartate amino transferace between TIII and the other treatments. There were no treatment differences in serum protein and serum albumin.

En el Centro Regional de Investigación Carillanca del Instituto de Investigaciones Agropecuarias (INIA), ubicado en Temuco (38º 41¢ lat. Sur y 72º 25 ¢ long. Oeste, a 200 m.s.n.m.) se evaluó ensilaje de maíz solo y mezclado con trébol rosado. Se utilizaron 8 vacas lecheras por tratamiento durante 70 días. Los tratamientos fueron: TI 100% ensilaje de maíz; TII 66% ensilaje de maíz y 33 % ensilaje de trébol rosado; y TIII 33 % ensilaje de maíz y 66 % ensilaje de trébol rosado. Los animales recibieron además 4 kg de heno de alfalfa y 6 kg de concentrado en raciones isoproteicas. El diseño estadístico fue de bloques completamente al azar y el análisis estadístico se realizó como medidas repetidas. Hubo diferencias significativas en la producción diaria de leche por vaca entre el TIII y el resto de los tratamientos (P<0,05), diferencias que desaparecieron al corregir la leche a 3,5 % de MG. No se presentaron diferencias significativas en términos de composición de la leche. En consumo de materia seca total y peso vivo de los animales durante el ensayo hubo diferencias significativas entre el TI y el resto de los tratamientos. La condición corporal fue estadísticamente significativa entre tratamientos, y las vacas de TIII fueron las únicas que perdieron condición corporal, como consecuencia que desde un comienzo fueron las mas livianas. En el plasma sanguíneo se encontraron diferencias significativas en el contenido de aspartato amino transferasa (AST) entre el TIII y el resto de los tratamientos. No hubo diferencias significativas en proteínas plasmáticas y albúmina.

Septical thrombophebitis erternal jugular produced by oral sepsis was shown. We analized the other aethiological causses and they were not foun in our patient. The literature about this issue is reviewed.

Se muestra una tromboflebitis séptica de la vena yugular externa producida por sepsis oral. Analizamos otras posibles etiologías que no fueron encontradas en nuestra paciente. Se revisa la literatura sobre este aspecto.

We perfomed a comparative study betwen two groups of patiens, ambulatory oparated of varicose veins. Seventy four of them were operated through safenoesclerosis in situ with binding on ladder of the mayor safena and in ninety patietns was performed a conventional stripping.

Se realizó un estudio comparativo entre dos grupos de pacientes operados ambulatoriamente de várices. Setenta y cuatro de ellos mediante Safenoesclerosis in situ con ligadura escalonada de la gran safena y a noventa pacientes se les realizó fleboextracción de forma convencional. Encontramos un 5, 4 % de complicaciones en el. grupo de la safenoesclerosis y 9, 9 % en el grupo de fleboextracción destacándose en el primer grupo la ausencia de hematomas y de secuelas neurológicas.

We show a new technical procedure in the Ambulatory Surgery of the varicose veins through IN SITU sclerotherapy of the safena vein , introducing a high porosity suture material wet with sclerosing liquid into it, followed by binding on ladder of the vein, transcutaneously.

Se muestra un nuevo procedimiento técnico en la cirugía de las venas varicosas, mediante escleroterapia in situ de la vena safena, introduciendo en ella un material de sutura de alta porosidad, humedecido con líquido esclerosante, seguido de ligadura escalonada transcutánea de la vena.