We report the measurement of Doppler broadening annihilation radiation in silicon, using 22Na as a positron source, and two Ge detectors arrangement. The two-dimensional coincidence energy spectrum was fitted using a model function. The model function included at rest positron annihilation with valence band, 2p, 2s, and 1s electrons. In-flight positron annihilation was also fitted. The detectors response functions included backscattering, and a combination of Compton effects, pileup, ballistic deficit, and pulse shaping problems. The obtained results agree well with the literature.

É discutida a conceituação de objetos com estrutura fractal, tendo em vista sua utilização em experiências motivadoras no laboratório didático. Foram estudadas bolas de pão amassado, que podem ser empregadas como contraponto não fractal (D ~ 3,0) às bolas de papel amassado, as quais apresentam dimensão fractal (D ~ 3,0), salientando a necessidade de um cálculo correto de incertezas. Três tipos de pão foram investigados: dois brancos, de forma e italiano, e um preto denso, do tipo alemão de três grãos. Desses, apenas o pão branco italiano demonstrou possível estrutura fractal, após o amassamento, caracterizada pela dimensão fractal D = 2,81 ± 0,06, enquanto os resultados obtidos para os pães preto e de forma, D = 2,95 ± 0,06 e D = 2,98 ± 0,04 respectivamente, não os tipificam como fractais. São analisados os problemas conceituais que resultaram em dimensão fractal 2,08 ± 0,25 para o pão, em informação encontrada na literatura de escopo didático.

The concept of objects with a fractal structure is discussed, in the context of their use in motivating activities for the didactic Laboratory. Spheres of squashed bread, which may be employed as non-fractal counter example (D ~ 3,0) to the fractal crumpled paper balls (D ~ 2,5), were analysed and the need for correct computation of the uncertainties is stressed. Three kinds of bread were investigated: two white ones, an usual sandwich and an italian type, and one very heavy three grain german dark bread. Only the white italian bread showed a possible fractal structure after the squashing procedure, characterized by the dimension 2.81 ± 0.06, while the results for the others, respectively D = 2.95 ± 0.06 and D = 2.98 ± 0.04, for the dark and white sandwich breads, do not typify them as fractals. The conceptual problems, which resulted in a fractal dimension of D = 2.08 ± 0.25 for bread, found in an article in the literature, are analysed.