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Esquejes enraizados, una alternativa para la producción de jitomate bajo invernadero en ciclos cortos
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Mejía-Betancourt, Francisca de los Ángeles

; Sánchez Del Castillo, Felipe

; Moreno-Pérez, Esaú del Carmen

; González-Molina, Lucila

Revista mexicana de ciencias agrícolas

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may 2023, Volume 14 N. 3 Pages 389 - 399

Abstract: Es En | Text: Es En | PDF: Es | PDF: En

Resumen El jitomate (Solanum lycopersicum L.) bajo condiciones de invernadero, manejado en altas densidades de población y ciclos cortos, permite obtener rendimientos de hasta 500 t ha-1 año-1; sin embargo, con esta forma de manejo, se ocupan altas cantidades de plántulas que provienen de semilla híbrida que es muy costosa. Una alternativa que se percibe como económicamente más viable, es la obtención de plántulas a partir de esquejes enraizados, por lo que el objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar el crecimiento y rendimiento de plantas de jitomate provenientes de esquejes y semillas. Se probaron seis edades de trasplante de esquejes [20, 25, 30, 35, 40 y 45 días después del inicio del enraizado (ddie)] y una de semilla [45 días después de la siembra (dds)] como testigo. Se utilizó un diseño experimental de bloques completos al azar con cuatro repeticiones y diez plántulas por unidad experimental. Se realizó análisis de varianza y comparación de medias (Tukey, p≤ 0.05). Las plántulas de esquejes trasplantados más temprano tuvieron mayor crecimiento vegetativo que las de semilla, pero en rendimiento no hubo diferencias. Con plantas de esqueje, el rendimiento promedio fue 14.5 kg m-2 y se puede obtener en un periodo de 90 días desde trasplante a fin de cosecha, lo que posibilita la obtención de cuatro ciclos de cultivo por año. Se concluye que, las plántulas obtenidas de esquejes enraizados constituyen una opción viable para el manejo del cultivo en altas densidades de población.

Abstract Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) under greenhouse conditions, managed in high population densities and short cycles, allows obtaining yields of up to 500 t ha-1 year-1; however, with this form of management, high quantities of seedlings that come from hybrid seed, which is very expensive, are occupied. An alternative that is perceived as economically more viable is the obtaining of seedlings from rooted cuttings, so the objective of this study was to evaluate the growth and yield of tomato plants from cuttings and seeds. Six ages of transplantation of cuttings [20, 25, 30, 35, 40 and 45 days after the start of rooting (dasr)] and one age of seed [45 days after sowing (das)], as a control, were tested. An experimental design of randomized complete blocks with four repetitions and ten seedlings per experimental unit was used. Analysis of variance and comparison of means (Tukey, p≤ 0.05) were performed. Seedlings from cuttings transplanted earlier had higher vegetative growth than those from seed, but in yield there were no differences. With plants from cuttings, the average yield was 14.5 kg m-2 and it can be obtained in a period of 90 days from transplantation to the end of harvest, which makes it possible to obtain four cultivation cycles per year. It is concluded that seedlings obtained from rooted cuttings constitute a viable option for the management of the crop in high population densities.

https://doi.org/10.29312/remexca.v14i3.3038

Reporte de caso clínico: endometritis crónica en una yegua criolla colombiana
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Paredes Cañón, Astrid Lucila

; Pérez Osorio, Jair

; González Rodriguez, Aldemar

; Andrade Souza, Fernando

; Mora Ruiz, Daniela

; Mendoza-Sánchez, Geovanny

; Diaz Sacristán, Paula Katherine

; Moreno Sánchez, Ana Milena

Revista Logos Ciencia & Tecnología

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apr 2023, Volume 15 N. 1 Pages 68 - 86

Abstract: Pt En Es | Text: Pt En Es | PDF: Pt | PDF: En | PDF: Es

RESUMO O objetivo deste artigo é apresentar o caso de uma égua crioula colombiana de 15 anos com histórico de abortos e não obtenção de embrião, onde foi realizada avaliação do sistema genital externo e interno, ultrassonografia, citologia, cultura e biópsia endometrial realizados como métodos diagnósticos.; que relataram endometrite crônica de classificação II B, associada a edema tipo 4, estabelecendo prognóstico reservado para reprodução, após constatação de endometrite fúngica. O tratamento consistiu no uso de complexos vitaminicos, medicamentos biorreguladores, antifúngicos e antibióticos, nutracêuticos, minerais e lavagens intrauterinas. Após a medicação e três intervalos ovulatórios consecutivos, quatro embriões foram recuperados e transferidos com sucesso, dos quais três chegaram a termo, demonstrando assim a recuperação da função endometrial, graças à identificação dos microorganismos envolvidos e ao estabelecimento de terapia adequada. A endometrite é definida como a inflamação do endométrio, sendo considerada uma das principais causas de sub e infertilidade na égua, que geram perdas econômicas significativas, com incidência de 10 a 15 %. Existem diferentes etiologias, destacando-se a má conformação do perineo, útero abdominal, perda da atividade miometrial, número de montas, fatores moleculares e genéticos, além da presença de bactérias e fungos.

ABSTRACT The objective of this article is to present the case of a 15-year-old Colombian criollo mare with a history of abortions and no embryo obtaining, where the evaluation of the external and internal genital system, ultrasonography, cytology, culture and endometrial biopsy were performed as diagnostic methods; which reported chronic endometritis of classification II B, associated with type 4 edema, and establishing a reserved prognosis for reproduction, after verifying fungal endometritis. The treatment consisted of the use of vitamin complexes, bioregulatory medicine, antifungal and antibiotic therapy, nutraceuticals, minerals, and intrauterine washings. After the medication and three consecutive ovulatory intervals, four embryos were successfully recovered and transferred, of which three reached term, thus demonstrating the recovery of endometrial function, thanks to the identification of the microorganisms involved and the establishment of adequate therapy. And complemented. Endometritis is defined as inflammation of the endometrium, and is considered one of the main causes of sub and infertility in the mare, which generate significant economic losses, with an incidence of 10 to 15 %. There are different etiologies, highlighting the malconformation of the perineum, abdominal uterus, loss of myometrial activity, number of mounts, molecular and genetic factors, and the presence of bacteria and fungi.

RESUMEN El presente artículo tiene como objetivo presentar el caso de una yegua criolla colombiana de 15 años con historial de abortos y nula obtención de embriones, donde fueron realizados como métodos diagnósticos la evaluación del sistema genital externo e interno, ultrasonografia, citología, cultivo y biopsia endometrial; la cual reportó endometritis crónica de clasificación II B, asociada edema tipo 4, y estableciendo un pronóstico reservado para la reproducción, después de comprobarse la endometritis fúngica. El tratamiento consistió en la utilización de complejos vitamínicos, medicina biorreguladora, terapia antimicótica y antibiótica, nutraceúticos, minerales, y lavados intrauterinos. Posterior a la medicación y tres intervalos ovulatorios consecutivos, fueron recuperados y transferidos exitosamente cuatro embriones, de los cuales tres llegaron a término, demostrando así la recuperación de la función endometrial, gracias a la identificación de los microorganismos involucrados y el establecimiento de una terapia adecuada y complementada. La endometritis se define como la inflamación del endometrio, y es considerada una de las principales causas de sub e infertilidad en la yegua, que generan pérdidas económicas significativas, con una incidencia del 10 al 15 %. Existen diferentes etiologías, destacándose la mala conformación del perineo, útero abdominal, pérdida de la actividad miometrial, número de montas, factores moleculares y genéticos, y la presencia de bacterias y hongos.

https://doi.org/10.22335/rlct.v15i1.1686

Afectaciones neurológicas asociadas al SARS-CoV-2
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Cubela Moreno, Fidel Jesús

; de la Rosa Santana, Jesús Daniel

; Vázquez Gutiérrez, Giselle Lucila

Acta Médica del Centro

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dec 2022, Volume 16 N. 4 Pages 770 - 781

Abstract: En Es | Text: En Es | PDF: En | PDF: Es

ABSTRACT Introduction: Coronaviruses are causative agents of respiratory, hepatic, intestinal and neurological diseases. The neurological implications caused by acute respiratory syndrome due to coronavirus 2 have raised several opinions. The clinical involvement and pathophysiologic mechanisms related to neurological complications in patients with COVID-19 are currently poorly understood. Objective: to describe the neurological involvement associated to SARS-CoV-2 according to its pathophysiopathogenic basis. Methods: a search was carried out, mainly in PubMed, with the descriptors COVID-19, SARS-CoV-2 and neuro. Scientific journals on the Internet and official Cuban and foreign press media were consulted. The manual published by the Spanish Society of Neurology in April 2020 was reviewed. The analysis-synthesis and historical-logical methods were used when associating the historical neurological affectations of the different coronaviruses with the current one and the deductive inductive method. Conclusions: the most frequent neurological affectations associated with SARS-CoV-2 are myalgias, headaches, cerebrovascular disease, encephalopathies, encephalitis, Guillain-Barré syndrome, disorders of the senses and consciousness and weakness; they are related to the triggering of inflammatory processes, with alterations caused to the respiratory centers of the brainstem, with mechanisms of muscular damage and with its neuroinvasive potential.

RESUMEN Introducción: los coronavirus son agentes causales de enfermedades respiratorias, hepáticas, intestinales y neurológicas. Las implicaciones neurológicas causadas por el síndrome respiratorio agudo por coronavirus 2 han suscitado diversas opiniones. Las afectaciones clínicas y los mecanismos fisiopatogénicos relacionados con las complicaciones neurológicas que presentan los pacientes con COVID-19 son actualmente poco conocidos. Objetivo: describir las afectaciones neurológicas asociadas al SARS-CoV-2 a partir de sus bases fisiopatogénicas. Métodos: se realizó una búsqueda, fundamentalmente en PubMed, con los descriptores COVID-19, SARS-CoV-2 y neuro. Se consultaron revistas científicas en Internet y medios de prensa oficiales cubanos y extranjeros. Se revisó el manual publicado por la Sociedad Española de Neurología en abril de 2020. Se utilizaron los métodos análisis-síntesis e histórico-lógico al asociar las afectaciones neurológicas históricas de los distintos coronavirus con el actual y el método inductivo deductivo. Conclusiones: las afectaciones neurológicas más frecuentes asociadas al SARS-CoV-2 son mialgias, cefaleas, enfermedad cerebrovascular, encefalopatías, encefalitis, síndrome de Guillain-Barré, trastornos de los sentidos y de la conciencia y debilidad; se relacionan con el desencadenamiento de procesos inflamatorios, con alteraciones provocadas a los centros respiratorios del tronco encefálico, con mecanismos de daño muscular y con su potencial neuroinvasivo.

Síndrome de lisis tumoral secundario a la administración de corticoides en una adolescente sin enfermedad neoplásica confirmada: reporte de un caso
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Ripeau, Diego

; Ibarra, Mariano E.

; Moreno, Rodolfo P.

; Valentini, Lucila

; Hernández, Alberto

; Faín, Javier

; Seligra, Cecilia

; Echazú, Agustina Tevez

; Picón, Armando

; Cardigni, Gustavo

Archivos argentinos de pediatría

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feb 2022, Volume 120 N. 1 Pages 181 - 190

Abstract: En Es | Text: En Es | PDF: En | PDF: Es

ABSTRACT Tumor lysis syndrome is a potentially lethal complication and constitutes with infections the most frequent oncological emergency. In children, this condition can be secondary to neoplastic diseases, with corticosteroids being a triggering factor. This paper presents the case of an adolescent patient, without known or obvious neoplasms, who developed a tumor lysis syndrome after the administration of corticosteroids due to suspected respiratory infection. The clinical presentation and differential diagnoses are discussed. Special focus is placed on the administration of corticosteroids in clinical conditions with weak scientific evidence. The use of systemic corticosteroids in acute respiratory infections should be evaluated in the clinical context and only indicated in situations with proven effectiveness.

RESUMEN El síndrome de Lisis tumoral es una complicación potencialmente letal y constituye, junto con las infecciones, la emergencia oncológica más frecuente. En pediatría, este cuadro puede ser secundario a enfermedades neoplásicas, y los corticoides son un factor desencadenante. En este trabajo se presenta el caso de una paciente adolescente, sin neoplasias conocidas o evidentes, que desarrolló un síndrome de lisis tumoral luego de la administración de corticoides por sospecha de una infección respiratoria. Se discute la forma de presentación y los diagnósticos diferenciales del cuadro clínico inicial. Se hace especial foco en la administración de corticoides en cuadros clínicos en los que no existe evidencia científica que respalde fuertemente su indicación. El uso de corticosteroides sistémicos en infecciones respiratorias agudas debe ser evaluado en el contexto clínico y solo debe indicarse en situaciones con probada efectividad.

https://doi.org/10.5546/aap.2022.e49

Ectoparasites of Columbina passerina insularis (Columbiformes) in the National Zoological Park, Havana, Cuba
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González-Acuña, Daniel

; Cicchino, Armando

; Echeverry, Diana

; Ardiles, Karen

; Oyarzún-Ruiz, Pablo

; Mironov, Sergey

; Moreno, Lucila

Revista Brasileira de Parasitologia Veterinária

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2022, Volume 31 N. 1 elocation e018521

Abstract: Pt En | Text: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

Resumo Foram identificados os ectoparasitas de 18 rolinhas-cinzentas de vida livre, Columbina passerina insularis (Columbiformes: Columbidae), capturadas no Parque Zoológico Nacional de Havana, Cuba. Os ectoparasitas coletados pertencem à duas espécies de piolhos (Phthiraptera: Ischnocera): Columbicola passerinae (77,1%) e Physconelloides eurysema (50%), bem como à quatro espé cies de ácaros de pena (Astigmata: Falculiferidae): Pterophagus lomatus (83,3%), Byersalges talpacoti (50%), Byersalges phyllophorus (72,2%) e Hyperaspidacarus tridentatus (27,7%). Pterophagus lomatus, B. phyllophorus e H. tridentatus representam novos registros para Cuba.

Abstract Ectoparasites of 18 free-living Cuban Ground Doves, Columbina passerina insularis (Columbiformes: Columbidae), captured in the National Zoological Park, Havana, Cuba, were identified. The collected ectoparasites included two species of lice (Phthiraptera: Ischnocera): Columbicola passerinae (77.1%), and Physconelloides eurysema (50%), as well as four species of feather mites (Astigmata: Falculiferidae): Pterophagus lomatus (83.3%), Byersalges talpacoti (50%), Byersalges phyllophorus (72.2%), and Hyperaspidacarus tridentatus (27.7%). Pterophagus lomatus, B. phyllophorus, and H. tridentatus represent new records for Cuba.

https://doi.org/10.1590/s1984-29612021096

Morfotipos ectomicorrícicos en retención estructural variable de Pinus patula Schltdl et Cham
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Soto-Gil, Ana Lucila

; Velázquez-Martínez, Alejandro

; Pérez-Moreno, Jesús

; Fierros-González, Aurelio Manuel

; Martínez-Reyes, Magdalena

Madera y bosques

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2022, Volume 28 N. 2 elocation e2822388

Abstract: En Es | Text: En Es | PDF: En | PDF: Es

Abstract One of the forest species most used for timber harvesting is Pinus patula. Currently this species is under forest management in the north forests of Puebla state and in some sites, clearcut regeneration system is applied. This species, like all pine species are depending for their survival on ectomycorrhizae, given the ecophysiological importance of this symbiotic association. The aim of this work was to evaluate the effect of the clearcutting regeneration system on the structure of ectomycorrhizal communities compared with areas with variable structural tree retention of a P. patula forest in Chignahuapan, Puebla. Nine trees were selected within the areas of interest to obtain soil samples and to be able to extract the ectomycorrhized morphotypes, to be characterized both anatomically and its morphology. 3137 ectomycorrhized roots were counted in total, within which 33 different morphotypes were recognized. Four of them dominated more than 50% of the total relative abundance, among them Cenococcum geophilum. There was a negative effect on the diversity of morphotypes among the stands with forest management compared to the retention areas. Finally, it is possible to say that forest harvesting with clearcutting system has a negative impact on the diversity of ectomycorrhizae; however, the maintenance of retention areas can reduce this impact and contribute to the reestablishment of the diversity of ectomycorrhizal communities over time, as it is a diverse genetic reservoir of these communities.

Resumen Una de las especies forestales más utilizadas para aprovechamientos maderables es Pinus patula. Actualmente esta especie se encuentra bajo manejo forestal en los bosques del norte del estado de Puebla y en algunas localidades se aplican cortas de regeneración totales. Esta especie, como todos los pinos, depende para su supervivencia de las ectomicorrizas, dada la importancia ecofisiológica de dicha simbiosis. El objetivo de este trabajo fue evaluar el efecto de la aplicación de cortas de regeneración totales sobre la estructura de comunidades ectomicorrízicas comparada con áreas de retención estructural variable de un bosque de P. patula en Chignahuapan, Puebla. Se seleccionaron nueve árboles dentro de las zonas de interés para obtener muestras de suelo y poder extraer los morfotipos ectomicorrizados, para realizar una caracterización morfológica y anatómica. En total se contabilizaron 3137 raíces ectomicorrizadas, dentro de las que se reconocieron 33 morfotipos distintos. Cuatro de ellos dominaron más de 50% de la abundancia relativa total, entre ellos Cenococcum geophilum. Existió un efecto negativo en la diversidad de morfotipos entre los rodales con manejo forestal en comparación con las áreas de retención. Finalmente, es posible establecer que el aprovechamiento forestal con la técnica de cortas de regeneración totales tiene un impacto negativo en la diversidad de ectomicorrizas; sin embargo, el mantenimiento de áreas de retención puede reducir dicho impacto y contribuir al restablecimiento de la diversidad de comunidades ectomicorrícicas a lo largo del tiempo, al ser un reservorio genético diverso de dichas comunidades.

https://doi.org/10.21829/myb.2022.2822388

Preliminary identification and phylogenetic relationships of begomoviruses associated with Capsicum spp. in the Yucatan peninsula, Mexico
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Escobedo Gracia-Medrano, Rosa María

; Maldonado-Borges, Josefina I.

; Sánchez-Cach, Lucila A.

; Minero-García, Yereni

; Hernández-Zepeda, Cecilia

; Moreno-Valenzuela, Oscar A.

Revista mexicana de fitopatología

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2022, Volume 40 N. 3 Pages 377 - 400

Abstract: Es En | Text: Es En | PDF: Es | PDF: En

Resumen Se colectaron plantas de chile con síntomas virales en la Península de Yucatán, México (YPM), con el objetivo de caracterizar la identidad parcial y las relaciones genéticas y filogenéticas de los begomovirus que infectan diferentes especies de chile, que incluyen Capsicum chinense, variedades locales de C. annuum, C. frutescens y C. annuum var. aviculare, así como algunas especies de maleza. Las muestras de hoja fueron colectadas durante dos temporadas de infestación severa de mosquita blanca. El ADN genómico de las plantas se extrajo y un fragmento de los begomovirus se amplificó utilizando cebadores universales. Los amplicones fueron secuenciados y utilizados para análisis genéticos y filogenéticos. Los resultados demostraron que el 90.1% de las plantas colectadas (151) estuvieron infectadas por begomovirus. Los datos mostraron que el Pepper golden mosaic virus (PepGMV) es el virus más frecuente en las plantas cultivadas, semicultivadas y silvestres que se analizaron en este trabajo. Además, las secuencias analizadas indicaron la presencia del Euphorbia mosaic virus-Yucatán Peninsula (EuMV-YP) en plantas de chile habanero, así como la predominancia del PepGMV en diferentes especies de maleza. La variación genética de las secuencias del fragmento del componente A de los begomovirus, mostró que los aislados del PepGMV analizados están estrechamente relacionados entre ellos y comparten un 95-99% de identidad. Los datos mostraron que los begomovirus que infectan a las plantas colectadas incluyen a las especies parcialmente identificadas como PepGMV, Pepper huasteco yellow vein virus (PHYVV), Tomato severe leaf curl virus (ToSLCV), Tomato yellow leaf curl virus (TYLCV) and EuMV-YP.

Abstract Pepper plants with viral symptoms were collected in the Yucatan Peninsula, Mexico (YPM) with the objective to characterize the partial identity and the genetic and phylogenetic relationship of the begomoviruses infecting different pepper species, including Capsicum chinense, various C. annuum landraces, C. frutescens, C. a. var. aviculare, as well as some weeds. The leaf samples were collected during two severe whitefly infestation seasons. Total genomic DNA from the sampled plants was extracted and a fragment of the begomoviruses was amplified using universal primers. Amplicons obtained were sequenced and sequences were used for genetic and phylogenetic analysis. Our results demonstrate that 90.1 % of the total sampled plants (151) were infected with begomoviruses. The data identified Pepper golden mosaic virus (PepGMV) as the most frequent species found within cultivated, semi-cultivated, and wild-analyzed samples. In addition, sequence analysis indicates the presence of Euphorbia mosaic virus-Yucatán Peninsula (EuMV-YP) infecting a Habanero chili plant, as well as the predominance of PepGMV in different weed plant species. Genetic variation based on nucleotide distance analysis from partial DNA-A begomovirus sequences indicated that the PepGMV isolates were closely related among them sharing 95 to 99% nucleotide sequence identity. Data showed that begomovirus that infected the sampled plants included the partially identified species of PepGMV, Pepper huasteco yellow vein virus (PHYVV), Tomato severe leaf curl virus (ToSLCV), Tomato yellow leaf curl virus (TYLCV) and EuMV-YP.

https://doi.org/10.18781/r.mex.fit.2206-6

Helminth and ectoparasitic faunas of the Harris’s hawk, Parabuteo unicinctus (Accipitriformes: Accipitridae), in Chile: new data on host-parasite associations for Neotropical raptors
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Oyarzún-Ruiz, Pablo

; Cifuentes-Castro, Camila

; Varas, Félix

; Grandón-Ojeda, Alexandra

; Cicchino, Armando

; Mironov, Sergey

; Moreno, Lucila

Revista Brasileira de Parasitologia Veterinária

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2022, Volume 31 N. 3 elocation e007522

Abstract: Pt En | Text: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

Resumo As aves de rapina representam uma fonte importante de parasitas heteroxenos. Porém, a maioria dos relatos são da Europa. O gavião-asa-de-telha (Parabuteo unicinctus) é uma espécie amplamente distribuída no continente Americano, porém estudos parasitológicos nessas aves têm documentado achados coprológicos e ectoparasitas, com poucos relatos sobre endoparasitas como helmintos. Por essa razão, o objetivo deste estudo foi descrever novas associações parasita-hospedeiro para o gavião-asa-de-telha e rapinantes neotropicais. Vinte nove aves provenientes do centro e sul do Chile foram submetidas à necropsia. Por outro lado, nove aves de um centro de reabilitação e 22 espécimes de museu foram inspecionados em busca de ectoparasitas. Do total de aves, 68,3% foram identificadas como portadoras de pelo menos uma espécie de parasita. Quatro espécies de piolhos, um ácaro e oito helmintos (cinco nematoides, dois platelmintos e um acantocéfalo) foram registrados. Os piolhos Colpocephalum nanum, Nosopon chanabense e o nematóide Cyathostoma (Hovorkonema) americana são reportados pela primeira vez em rapinantes neotropicais. Colpocephalum nanum, N. chanabense, Pseudalloptinus sp., Physaloptera alata, Microtetrameres sp., C. (H.) americana e Neodiplostomim travassosi, são reportados pela primeira vez no Chile. A diversidade de helmintos heteróxenos, identificados neste trabalho, poderia ser explicada devido à dieta geralista do gavião-asa-de-telha.

Abstract Birds of prey harbor a wide spectrum of various parasites, mostly with a heteroxenous life cycle. However, most reports on their parasites come from Europe. Although the Harris’s hawk (Parabuteo unicinctus) is a widespread species in America, parasitological surveys on this hawk are mostly focused on coprological findings and ectoparasites, with poor attention paid to helminths. The aim of this study was to gather new and additional data on host-parasite associations for the Harris’s hawk. Twenty-nine birds from central and southern Chile were necropsied. Further, nine birds from a rehabilitation center and 22 museum specimens were inspected for ectoparasites. Sixty-eight percent of birds hosted at least one parasite species. Four lice species, one mite species and eight helminth species (five nematodes, two platyhelminthes and one acanthocephalan) were recorded. Parasitic lice Colpocephalum nanum and Nosopon chanabense, and a nematode Cyathostoma (Hovorkonema) americana were recorded for the first time in raptors from the Neotropics. A feather mite, Pseudalloptinus sp., nematodes, Physaloptera alata and Microtetrameres sp., and a trematode Neodiplostomim travassosi, were recorded for the first time in Chile. The presence of diverse heteroxenous helminths reported here in the Harris’s hawk could be explained by the generalist diet of this raptor.

https://doi.org/10.1590/s1984-29612022046

Evaluación de métodos de recirculación de solución nutritiva para la producción de jitomate en ciclos cortos
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Sánchez del Castillo, Felipe

; Cabañas Díaz, Alan

; Pineda Pineda, Joel

; González Molina, Lucila

; Moreno Pérez, Esaú del Carmen

Revista mexicana de ciencias agrícolas

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may 2021, Volume 12 N. 3 Pages 433 - 445

Abstract: En Es | Text: En Es | PDF: En | PDF: Es

Abstract Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) is the most grown vegetable in greenhouse and hydroponics. For easy handling, open hydroponic systems (without recirculation of the nutrient solution) with substrate are the most commonly used in the world. Closed systems (with recirculation) save water and fertilizers, but their technical management is difficult, because over time, the ions less consumed by the plant accumulate, which, when recirculated, cause nutritional imbalances and increases in the EC to levels that affect growth and yield, in addition to the high risk of spreading diseases, especially with cultivation cycles as long as conventionally the tomato is managed. The objective was to compare three methods of recirculation of nutrient solution against an open system, in the agronomic behavior of tomato managed in high population density with cuts to harvest only three clusters per plant. The design was randomly complete blocks with four treatments and seven repetitions, with experimental unit of 20 m2. Morphological variables, dry weight and yield were evaluated. Except for height and diameter of stem, no variable showed statistical difference between treatments. It is concluded that, with the management of the tomatoes plants to harvest three clusters, in a cycle as short as 110 days of transplantation at the end of harvest, it is feasible to use any nutrient solution recirculation system without nutritional imbalances, so that comparing these methods with an open system does not affect the growth or yield of the plants, saving water and fertilizers.

Resumen El jitomate (Solanum lycopersicum L.) es la hortaliza más cultivada en invernadero e hidroponía. Por facilidad de manejo, los sistemas hidropónicos abiertos (sin recirculación de la solución nutritiva) con sustrato son los más utilizados en el mundo. Los sistemas cerrados (con recirculación), permiten ahorrar agua y fertilizantes, pero su manejo técnico es difícil, pues con el tiempo, se van acumulando los iones menos consumidos por la planta, que, al recircularlos, ocasionan desequilibrios nutrimentales e incrementos en la CE a niveles que afectan el crecimiento y rendimiento, además del alto riesgo de dispersarse enfermedades sobre todo con ciclos de cultivo tan largos como convencionalmente se maneja el jitomate. El objetivo fue comparar tres métodos de recirculación de solución nutritiva contra un sistema abierto, en el comportamiento agronómico de jitomate manejado en alta densidad de población con despunte para cosechar solamente tres racimos por planta. El diseño fue bloques completos al azar con cuatro tratamientos y siete repeticiones, con unidad experimental de 20 m2. Se evaluaron variables morfológicas, peso seco y rendimiento. Exceptuando altura y diámetro de tallo, ninguna variable mostró diferencia estadística entre tratamientos. Se concluye que, con el manejo de las plantas de jitomate despuntadas para cosechar tres racimos, en un ciclo tan corto como 110 días de trasplante a fin de cosecha, es factible utilizar cualquier sistema de recirculación de solución nutritiva sin desbalances nutricionales, de manera que, al comparar estos métodos con un sistema abierto, no se afecta el crecimiento ni el rendimiento de las plantas, ahorrándose agua y fertilizantes.

https://doi.org/10.29312/remexca.v12i3.2419 35 downloads

10.

In memoriam: a eulogy for Daniel González-Acuña, 1963-2020
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Muñoz-Leal, Sebastián

; Silva-De-La-Fuente, María Carolina

; Barros-Battesti, Darci Moraes

; Guglielmone, Alberto Alejandro

; Venzal, José Manuel

; Nava, Santiago

; Sepúlveda, María Soledad

; Tkach, Vasyl

; Kinsella, Mike

; Fuentes-Castillo, Danny

; Llanos-Soto, Sebastián

; Grandón-Ojeda, Alexandra

; Celis, José Enrique

; Espejo, Winfred

; Jara-Carrasco, Solange

; Azat, Claudio

; Martins, Thiago Fernandes

; Labruna, Marcelo Bahia

; Briceño, Cristóbal

; Figueroa, Ricardo Antonio

; Corales-Stappung, Soraya

; Moreno, Lucila

Revista Brasileira de Parasitologia Veterinária

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2021, Volume 30 N. 1 elocation e000821

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

https://doi.org/10.1590/s1984-29612021005 279 downloads

11.

Parasitic fauna of the invasive house sparrow (Passer domesticus) from Ñuble region, Chile: an example of co-introduced parasites
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Oyarzún-Ruiz, Pablo

; Cárdenas, Guissel

; Fuente, María Carolina Silva-de la

; Martin, Nicolás

; Mironov, Sergey

; Cicchino, Armando

; Kinsella, John Mike

; Moreno, Lucila

; González-Acuña, Daniel

Revista Brasileira de Parasitologia Veterinária

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2021, Volume 30 N. 3 elocation e004221

Abstract: Pt En | Text: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

Resumo As espécies invasoras de vertebrados competem com espécies nativas no uso de recursos e transmitem patógenos. Contudo as consequências da co-introdução de parasitos permanecem pouco estudadas. O pardal (Passer domesticus) foi introduzido há um século no Chile, porém não existem dados sobre seus parasitos. O objetivo do estudo foi investigar a fauna parasitária e avaliar se existem espécies co-introduzidas/co-invasivas compartilhadas com as espécies de aves nativas do Chile. Um total de 108 aves foram coletadas em diferentes localidades da região de Ñuble. Seis espécies de artrópodes parasitos foram coletadas de 23 (21,3%) aves. Quatro aves (3,7%) estavam parasitadas por duas espécies de helmintos. Quatro de um total de oito espécies de parasitos correspondem aos primeiros relatos para o Chile. Três artrópodes parasitos e o helminto Anonchotaenia globata são considerados parasitos co-introduzidos no país. Apenas A. globata possui potencial para ser considerada uma espécie co-invasiva, pois pode parasitar Passeriformes em geral. Pesquisas futuras devem investigar se os demais parasitos identificados neste estudo correspondem a espécies co-introduzidas ou co-invasoras e avaliar as possíveis consequências na saúde das aves nativas do país.

Abstract Invasive species impact native wildlife in several ways, as they compete for resources and may transmit their specific pathogens. However, the potential consequences of co-introduced parasites are not fully understood. While the house sparrow (Passer domesticus) was introduced in Chile about a century ago, no data are available regarding its parasites. Thus, the aim of the present study was to determine the parasitic fauna of this avian invader and to determine whether there are co-introduced/co-invasive parasites shared with native birds. One hundred and eight birds were collected from three different localities in the Ñuble region of Chile, and a complete parasitic necropsy was performed in the laboratory. Twenty-three (21.3%) were parasitized by six arthropod species and four (3.7%) were parasitized by two helminth species. Four out of eight taxa are reported for the first time in Chile; among them, three arthropod parasites and the tapeworm, Anonchotaenia globate, are considered as co-introduced parasites. Only A. globata is a potential co-invasive parasite given its low degree specificity in terms of its definitive hosts. Future research should examine whether additional co-introduced/co-invasive parasites have been brought by the house sparrow, and what their potential consequences might be on the health of native birds in Chile.

https://doi.org/10.1590/s1984-29612021068 11 downloads

12.

Parasites of the Neotropic cormorant Nannopterum (Phalacrocorax) brasilianus (Aves, Phalacrocoracidae) in Chile
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González-Acuña, Daniel

; Llanos-Soto, Sebastián

; Oyarzún-Ruiz, Pablo

; Kinsella, John Mike

; Barrientos, Carlos

; Thomas, Richard

; Cicchino, Armando

; Moreno, Lucila

Revista Brasileira de Parasitologia Veterinária

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2020, Volume 29 N. 3 elocation e003920

Abstract: Pt En | Text: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

Resumo O Biguá Nannopterum (Phalacrocorax) brasilianus (Suliformes: Phalacrocoracidae) é amplamente distribuído na América Central e na do Sul. No Chile, as informações sobre parasitos para essa espécie são limitadas a helmintos e nematoides, e pouco se sabe sobre outros grupos de parasitos. Este estudo documenta a fauna parasitária presente em 80 biguás coletados de 2001 a 2008, nas regiões de Antofagasta, Biobío e Ñuble. As aves foram inspecionadas externamente em busca de ectoparasitas; adicionalmente, foram realizadas necropsias para examinar os órgãos digestivos e respiratórios em busca de endoparasitos. Os ectoparasitos coletados foram limpos e montados para identificação ao microscópio. As amostras de fezes também foram avaliadas para determinar a presença de parasitos protozoários, empregando-se uma técnica de flutuação. Um total de 44 (42,5%) aves estavam infectadas com pelo menos um ectoparasito, enquanto 77 (96,25%) estavam portando endoparasito. Nenhuma forma de protozoário foi encontrada após o exame. As espécies de endoparasitos mais prevalentes encontradas foram Contracaecum rudolphii (72/80, 90%), Pectinopygus gyroceras (33/80, 41.25%) e Profilicollis altmani (26/80, 32.5%). Este é o primeiro registro de P. altmani, Baruscapillaria carbonis, Avioserpens sp., Cyathostoma (Cyathostoma) phenisci e Eidmaniella pelucida no biguá. Esses resultados também expandem a distribuição de Andracantha phalacrocoracis, Paradilepis caballeroi, Ascocotyle felippei, Hysteromorpha triloba e P. gyroceras no Chile.

Abstract The Neotropic cormorant Nannopterum (Phalacrocorax) brasilianus (Suliformes: Phalacrocoracidae) is widely distributed in Central and South America. In Chile, information about parasites for this species is limited to helminths and nematodes, and little is known about other parasite groups. This study documents the parasitic fauna present in 80 Neotropic cormorants’ carcasses collected from 2001 to 2008 in Antofagasta, Biobío, and Ñuble regions. Birds were externally inspected for ectoparasites and necropsies were performed to examine digestive and respiratory organs in search of endoparasites. Ectoparasites collected were cleared and mounted for identification under a microscope. Fecal samples were also evaluated to determine the presence of protozoan parasites employing a flotation technique. A total of 44 (42.5%) of birds were infested with at least one ectoparasite species, while 77 (96.25%) were carrying endoparasites. No protozoan forms were found after examination. Most prevalent endoparasite species found were Contracaecum rudolphii s. l. (72/80, 90%), followed by Pectinopygus gyroceras (33/80, 41.25%), and Profilicollis altmani (26/80, 32.5%). This is the first report of P. altmani, Baruscapillaria carbonis, Avioserpens sp., Cyathostoma (Cyathostoma) phenisci, and Eidmaniella pelucida in the Neotropic cormorant. These findings also expand the distributional range of Andracantha phalacrocoracis, Paradilepis caballeroi, Hysteromorpha triloba, and P. gyroceras to Chile.

https://doi.org/10.1590/s1984-29612020049 1034 downloads

13.

External and gastrointestinal parasites of the Franklin’s Gull, Leucophaeus pipixcan (Charadriiformes: Laridae), in Talcahuano, central Chile
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González-Acuña, Daniel

; Veloso-Frías, Joseline

; Missene, Cristian

; Oyarzún-Ruiz, Pablo

; Fuentes-Castillo, Danny

; Kinsella, John Mike

; Mironov, Sergei

; Barrientos, Carlos

; Cicchino, Armando

; Moreno, Lucila

Revista Brasileira de Parasitologia Veterinária

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2020, Volume 29 N. 4 elocation e016420

Abstract: Pt En | Text: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

Resumo Existem escassos estudos de parasitismo em gaivota-de-Franklin Leucophaeus pipixcan, e o conhecimento sobre seus endoparasitas é ainda mais limitado. Com o objetivo de descrever sua comunidade parasitaria, um total de 60 gaivotas-de-Franklin foram capturadas usando-se armadilhas Bal-chatri numa zona costeira do centro do Chile. A pesquisa de ectoparasitas foi realizada em todos os indivíduos capturados e, para os endoparasitas, foram examinados 30 deles por necropsias. A prevalência de ectoparasitas foi de 78,3%, incluíndo o ácaro de pena Zachvatkinia larica (43,3%) e outras quatro espécies de piolhos, Actornithophilus piceus lari (15,0%), Austromenopon transversum (6,7%), Quadraceps punctatus (10,0%) e Saemundssonia lari (46,7%). Das aves necropsiadas, 83,3% estavam parasitadas por helmintos, sendo registrados Aporchis sp. (6,7%), Tetrabothrius cylindraceus (56,7%), Cyclophyllidea gen. sp. (3,3%), Profilicollis altmani (56,7%), Eucoleus contortus (10,0%), Cosmocephalus obvelatus (13,3%), Paracuaria adunca (10,0%), Stegophorus sp. (3,3%) e Tetrameres skrjabini (3,3%). Com exceção de P. altmani, este é o primeiro relato desses helmintos parasitando gaivotas-de-Franklin.

Abstract Parasitological studies of the Franklin's gull, Leucophaeus pipixcan, are scarce, and knowledge about its endoparasites is quite limited. In order to describe its parasitic community, a total of 60 Franklin’s gulls were captured in the coastal area in central Chile, using modified Bal-chatri traps. Ectoparasites were collected from all 60 live individuals through inspection of their plumage, while 30 were examined for endoparasites by standard parasitological necropsy. The prevalence of ectoparasites was 78.3%, including the feather mite Zachvatkinia larica (43.3%) and four species of lice: Actornithophilus piceus lari (15.0%), Austromenopon transversum (6.7%), Quadraceps punctatus (10.0%) and Saemundssonia lari (46.7%). Some 25 of 30 (83.3%) of birds necropsied were parasitized with the following helminths: Aporchis sp. (6.7%), Tetrabothrius cylindraceus (56.7%), Cyclophyllidea gen. sp. (3.3%), Profilicollis altmani (56.7%), Eucoleus contortus (10.0%), Cosmocephalus obvelatus (13.3%), Paracuaria adunca (10.0%), Stegophorus sp. (3.3%) and Tetrameres skrjabini (3.3%). To our knowledge, with the exception of P. altmani, these helminths are reported for first time in the Franklin's gull.

https://doi.org/10.1590/s1984-29612020091 540 downloads

14.

Parasites of the Shiny Cowbird, Molothrus bonariensis, and the Austral Blackbird, Curaeus curaeus, (Passeriformes: Icteridae) in Chile
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Mena, Mabel

; Valdebenito, José Osvaldo

; Moreno, Lucila

; Fuentes-Castillo, Danny

; Kinsella, John Mike

; Mironov, Sergey

; Barrientos, Carlos

; Cicchino, Armando

; González-Acuña, Daniel

Revista Brasileira de Parasitologia Veterinária

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2020, Volume 29 N. 2 elocation e021819

Abstract: Pt En | Text: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

Resumo Estudos comparativos de parasitas em espécies de aves simpátricas são escassos. A infecção/transmissão de parasitas pode acontecer de diversas maneiras, incluindo possível transmissão direta, indireta ou horizontal entre as aves hospedeiras. Com o objetivo de determinar se dois icterídeos simpátricos do centro e sul do Chile compartilham a sua fauna parasitária (ecto- e endoparasitas), foram examinados os parasitas de 27 chupins Molothrus bonariensis e 28 pássaros-pretos-austral Curaeus curaeus, incluindo indivíduos capturados com rede de neblina e em carcaças. Nos chupins analisados, foram encontrados os piolhos de penas Brueelia bonariensis, Philopterus sp. 1, os ácaros Amerodectes molothrus, Proctophyllodes spp. (espécie 1 e 2), e os helmintos Mediorhynchus papillosus, Plagiorhynchus sp., Dispharynx nasuta e Tetrameres paucispina. Em contraste, os pássaros-pretos-austral estavam infectados com os piolhos Myrsidea sp., Philopterus sp. 2, os ácaros Proctophyllodes sp. 3, Amerodectes sp., e os helmintos Anonchotaenia sp., Capillaria sp. e M. papillosus. Adicionalmente, um espécime de pássaro-preto-austral estava parasitado pela pulga Dasypsyllus (Neornipsyllus) cteniopus. A única espécie de parasita que foi encontrada nas duas espécies de aves foi o acantocéfalo M. papillosus, possivelmente devido ao fato de que ambas as aves se alimentam dos insetos que são os hospedeiros intermediários deste parasita. Exceto os registros de B. bonariensis e Philopterus sp. 1 encontrados no chupim, todas as espécies reportadas neste estudo correspondem à novas associações de parasita/hospedeiro e novos registros para a diversidade parasitológica do Chile.

Abstract Comparative studies of parasites in sympatric bird species have been generally scarce. Parasitic infection/transmission can be spread in a number of ways that suggests possible direct and indirect, horizontal transmission between avian hosts. In order to determine whether two sympatric icterids from Central and Southern Chile share their parasite fauna (ecto- and endoparasites), we examined parasites of 27 Shiny Cowbirds, Molothrus bonariensis, and 28 Austral Blackbirds, Curaeus curaeus, including individuals captured in the wild and carcasses. We found that Shiny Cowbirds were infected with the chewing lice Brueelia bonariensis, Philopterus sp. 1, the feather mites Amerodectes molothrus, Proctophyllodes spp. (species 1 and 2), and the helminths Mediorhynchus papillosus, Plagiorhynchus sp., Dispharynx nasuta and Tetrameres paucispina, while Austral Blackbirds had the chewing lice Myrsidea sp., Philopterus sp. 2, the feather mites Proctophyllodes sp. 3, Amerodectes sp., and three helminths: Anonchotaenia sp., Capillaria sp. and M. papillosus. The flea Dasypsyllus (Neornipsyllus) cteniopus was found only on the Austral Blackbird. The only parasite species shared by both icterids was the acanthocephalan M. papillosus, possibly due to their feeding on the same intermediate insect hosts. With the exception of B. bonariensis and Philopterus sp. 1 found on the Shiny Cowbird, all species reported in this study represent new parasite-host associations and new records of parasite diversity in Chile.

https://doi.org/10.1590/s1984-29612020022 641 downloads

15.

Rodents as potential reservoirs for Borrelia spp. in northern Chile
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Sánchez, Richard Said Thomas

; Santodomingo, Adriana Milena Santodomingo

; Muñoz-Leal, Sebastián

; Silva-de la Fuente, María Carolina

; Llanos-Soto, Sebastián

; Salas, Lucila Moreno

; González-Acuña, Daniel

Revista Brasileira de Parasitologia Veterinária

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2020, Volume 29 N. 2 elocation e000120

Abstract: Pt En | Text: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

Resumo Pequenos mamíferos possuem um papel essencial na transmissão e manutenção de espiroquetas do gênero Borrelia. No Chile, estudos recentes têm descrito novos genótipos de Borrelia em carrapatos, parasitando pequenos mamíferos. Isso sugere que esses vertebrados podem atuar como possíveis reservatórios dessas espiroquetas. Considerando-se essa evidência, o objetivo deste estudo foi determinar a presença de DNA de Borrelia em pequenos mamíferos da região norte do Chile. Durante o inverno de 2018, 58 pequenos mamíferos foram capturados em cinco localidades. Amostras de sangue obtidas a partir dos indivíduos capturados foram submetidas à extração de DNA e ensaios de PCR, para a detecção de Borrelia spp. baseados no gene flaB e espaçador intergênico rrs–rrlA (IGS). A partir de três espécimes (5%) pertencentes a duas espécies de roedores da família Cricetidae (Phyllotis xanthopygus e Oligoryzomys longicaudatus) obtiveram-se três genótipos de Borrelia para o gene flaB e dois para IGS. Análises filogenéticas inferidas, usando-se os métodos Bayesiano e de Máxima Verossimilhança, indicaram que as sequências geradas neste estudo agrupam-se com borrelias do grupo da Febre Recorrente e Borreliose de Lyme. Os achados deste estudo sugerem que roedores P. xanthopygus e O. longicaudatus poderiam atuar como possíveis reservatórios para Borrelia spp. no Chile.

Abstract Small mammals play an essential role in the transmission and maintenance cycles of Borrelia spirochetes. In Chile, recent studies have characterized novel Borrelia genotypes in ticks collected from small mammals, a fact that suggests these vertebrates are hosts for spirochetes from this genus. Considering this evidence, the goal of this study was to determine the presence of Borrelia DNA in small mammals inhabiting northern Chile. In winter of 2018, 58 small mammals were captured in five localities. Blood samples were collected from rodents and DNA was extracted to determine the presence of Borrelia DNA by PCR targeting the flaB gene and rrs–rrlA intergenic spacer (IGS). From three individuals (5%), belonging to two rodent species of Cricetidae family (Phyllotis xanthopygus and Oligoryzomys longicaudatus), we retrieved three flaB and two IGS Borrelia genotypes. Phylogenetic analyses performed with both Maximum Likelihood and Bayesian inferences showed that our sequences grouped with homologous genotypes from the relapsing fever and Lyme borreliosis groups. Our findings suggest that P. xanthopygus and O. longicaudatus rodents may play a role as reservoirs for borrelial spirochetes in Chile.

https://doi.org/10.1590/s1984-29612020029 724 downloads

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journal_title	journal full title (e.g. Cadernos de Saúde Pública)
la	publication language code (e.g. pt - Portuguese, es - Spanish)
type	document type
pid	publication identifier
publication_year	publication year of publication
sponsor	sponsor
aff_country	country code of the author's affiliation
aff_institution	author affiliation institution
volume	article volume
issue	article issue
elocation	elocation
doi	DOI number
issn	journal ISSN
in	SciELO colection code (e.g. scl - Brasil, col - Colômbia)
use_license	article usage license code

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