Resumo Contexto O atual envelhecimento da população tem gerado maior predominância de doenças crônicas, como o diabetes, a qual está associada a um risco elevado de complicações crônicas e agudas. Entre essas, o pé diabético (PD) destaca-se por possuir alta incidência e grande poder mutilador. Objetivo Avaliar o conhecimento da população diabética das Unidades Básicas de Saúde (UBS) de Maringá (PR) sobre a prevenção do PD. Métodos Estudo descritivo, quantitativo, tipo inquérito por entrevista. A população estudada foi composta por 80 portadores de diabetes, cadastrados em UBS de Maringá (PR). A coleta de dados buscou levantar dados sociodemográficos e epidemiológicos, bem como as atitudes de controle do diabetes e do autocuidado para prevenção do PD. Resultados Do total de entrevistados, nove não realizavam qualquer tipo de exame para controle do diabetes e a renda mensal predominante foi de até um salário mínimo. O grau de escolaridade e a renda mensal não se mostraram relevantes em relação ao conhecimento de cuidados preventivos do PD e nem uma maior adesão a hábitos de vida saudáveis. O cuidado com o PD tende a melhorar à medida que exista uma compreensão mais clara dos fatores que conduzem à perda do membro e um crescente consenso sobre a gestão de vários aspectos clínicos do cuidado com o pé. Conclusão Existe uma falta de aprendizado das medidas preventivas, mesmo nos pacientes com algum nível de instrução, o que induz a uma prática deficiente de cuidados.

Abstract Background One of the consequences of the current phenomenon of population aging is an increasing predominance of chronic diseases, such as diabetes, which is associated with a high risk of chronic and acute complications. Diabetic foot (DF) is of particular concern because of its high incidence and significant potential to mutilate. Objective To assess knowledge about DF prevention in the diabetic population of primary care health centers (PHCC) in Maringá, PR, Brazil. Methods This was a descriptive, quantitative study conducted by interview survey. The study population comprised 80 patients with diabetes registered at PHCCs in Maringá, PR, Brazil. Data collection encompassed sociodemographic and epidemiological data, and behavior related to diabetes control and self-care for DF prevention. Results Nine of the interviewees did not take any type of test or undergo any examinations for diabetes control. The predominant monthly income bracket was less than the minimum wage. Neither educational level nor monthly income were relevant to knowledge about preventative care for DF or to better compliance with healthy lifestyle habits. Care of DF tends to improve to the extent that there is a clearer understanding of the factors that lead to limb loss and an increase in consensus on managing the various different clinical features of caring for the feet. Conclusions There is a lack of knowledge about preventative measures, even among patients who have a reasonable level of education, resulting in deficient self-care behavior.

ABSTRACT The effect of glutamine dipeptide (GDP) supplementation in patients with diabetic foot syndrome was evaluated. A total of 22 patients took part in the study. GDP was supplied in 10 g sachets, and was dissolved in water immediately before use, with ingestion once a day, after lunch or after dinner (20 g/day) over a period of 30 days. Quantification of foot insensitive areas, oxidative stress, blood cytokines, and biochemical, hematological and toxicological parameters was performed before and after GDP supplementation. We observed an increase in blood levels of interferon-α (P=0.023), interferon-γ (P=0.038), interleukin-4 (P=0.003), interleukin-6 (P=0.0025), interleukin-7 (P=0.028), interleukin-12 p40 (P=0.017), interleukin-13 (P=0.001), leukocytes (P=0.037), eosinophils (P=0.049), and typical lymphocytes (P<0.001) due to GDP administration. In addition, we observed a reduced number (P=0.048) of insensitive areas on the foot, and reduction (P=0.047) of fasting hyperglycemia. Patients also showed increased blood high density lipoprotein (P<0.01) and protein thiol groups (P=0.004). These favorable results were associated with the absence of renal and hepatic toxicity. These results are of clinical relevance, since supplementation with GDP over 30 days improved clinical responses in patients with diabetic foot syndrome.

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o efeito da heparinização regional durante a isquemia arterial temporária em coelhos. Os parâmetros avaliados foram a medida do tempo de tromboplastina parcial ativada (TTPa) e a presença ou ausência de trombos ou edema endotelial nos vasos estudados. Foram utilizados 40 coelhos Nova Zelândia, distribuídos em dois grupos de 20 animais. Após dissecção e reparo da artéria ilíaca esquerda, realizou uma arteriotomia e introduziu-se um cateter de polietileno para injeção de solução de heparina no grupo experimento ou de soro fisiológico no grupo controle. O TTPa foi medido no início do experimento e após 90 minutos de isquemia, não sendo encontrado diferenças significantes entre os valores iniciais e ao final do experimento. Na avaliação microscópica não foi encontrada a presença de trombos nos vasos dos animais de ambos os grupos. Em apenas um animal do grupo controle houve a ocorrência de espessamento intimal e desarranjo da camada média, interpretado como edema endotelial, porém este dado não foi significante. Concluiu-se que a injeção intra-arterial de heparina na dose de 60 UI/kg peso não provocou alterações significantes na coagulação sistêmica do coelho, e que na ausência de lesão endotelial não ocorreu trombose dos vasos estudados, com ou sem a utilização de heparina.

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effect of the regional heparinization during temporary arterial ischemia performed in rabbits. The evaluated parameters served for measuring were activated partial thromboplastin times (aPTT) as well as the presence or absence of thrombi or endothelial edema in the analyzed vessels. Forty New Zealand rabbits were utilized. They were distributed into two groups of twenty animals. After dissection and repair of the left illiac artery, an arteriotomy was carried out and then a polyethylene catheter was fitted in so that heparin solution could be injected into the experimental group and physiological serum into the control group. The aPTT was measured at the beginning of the experiment and after ninety minutes of ischemia. There were no significant differences found from the initial values to the end of the experiment. Throughout microscopic evaluation the presence of thrombi in the vessels of the animals from both groups was not found. Intimal thickening as well as disruption of the middle layer regarded as endothelial edema ocurred in only one animal from the control group, however it was not considered a significant data. It was concluded that the injection of heparin (60 UI/kg weight) did not provoke significant alterations in the systemic coagulation of the rabbit. Furthermore, in the absence of endothelial lesion thrombosis of the analyzed vessels did not occur, neither with nor without the utilization of heparin.