Powdery mildew, caused by Uncinula necator (Schwein) Burrill is one of the most damaging disease affecting grapevines (Vitis vinifera L.) in Mendoza and worldwide, reducing yield and fruit quality. Throughout six growing seasons (2001/02; 2002/03; 2005/06; 2007/08; 2008/09; 2009/10), powdery mildew incidence values (expressed as daily epidemic increment rates) were observed in clusters from flowering to onset of ripening (change of color of the grape berries), in a grapevine planted with the susceptible Chenin cultivar at the EEA INTA Mendoza (Luján de Cuyo). From hourly values of thermal-moisture elements recorded by upper canopy sensors, meteorological variables were calculated in the 15 previous days of each epidemic observation. Using variables which integrate the effects of air temperature and humidity and frequency of light precipitations over the epidemic progress, logistic models were adjusted for estimating the probability of occurrrence of severe, moderate and nil epidemic increment rates, reaching maximum prediction accuracy of 92.5% (two variable models, N=40). Predicted values by the univariate model (selected by Stepwise procedure; prediction accuracy: 87.5%) were validated with the epidemic curve observed during 2000/2001 growing season. These model predictions could complement epidemic observations, giving regional scale to warning systems for improving the decision making process regarding disease chemical control.

El oídio de la vid (Vitis vinifera L.), causado por Uncinula necator (Schwein) Burrill, es una enfermedad fúngica relevante en viñedos de la provincia de Mendoza, ocasionando pérdidas de producción y degradación de la calidad del fruto cosechado. Durante seis campañas agrícolas (2001/02; 2002/03; 2005/06; 2007/08; 2008/09; 2009/10), en un parral del cultivar susceptible Chenín (EEA INTA Mendoza, Luján de Cuyo), se observó la evolución de la incidencia del oídio en racimos (como tasa de incremento epidémica diaria), desde floración hasta envero. A partir de registros térmico-hídricos horarios (monitoreados con sensores ubicados en la parte superior del canopeo) se calcularon variables meteorológicas en los 15 días previos a cada observación del progreso de la epidemia. Con variables que integran efectos de la temperatura, humedad del aire y frecuencia de precipitaciones ligeras sobre el incremento de la enfermedad en función del tiempo, se ajustaron modelos de regresión logística para estimar las probabilidades de ocurrencia de tasas epidémicas categorizadas (severa, moderada y nula), logrando una precisión de predicción máxima de 92,5% (modelo bivariado, N=40). Las predicciones del modelo univariado (seleccionado por "Stepwise"; precisión de predicción: 87,5%) se validaron satisfactoriamente con la curva epidémica observada en 2000/2001. Los valores estimados por estos modelos podrían complementar a las observaciones epidémicas y emitir alarmas regionales que sustenten la toma de decisión de control químico.

The planthopper Delphacodes kuscheli Fennah (Hemiptera: Delphacidae), principal insect vector of Mal de Río Cuarto virus on corn in Argentina, produces severe disease outbreaks when migration of large macropterous populations coincides with early corn growth stages. Linear models based on winter environmental variables were developed to explain variation of macropterous populations accumulated on oat until November 30 (1993-2001) in La Aguada (department of Río Cuarto, Córdoba, Argentina). Using daily records of maximum and minimum temperatures and precipitation, variables were generated and processed in different periods from June 1 to September 20. The best bivariate model (R²=0.97) had the lowest mean square error, was selected by Stepwise procedure, and its validation was highly satisfactory. It included the variable DDTxn, which accumulates mean temperature values exceeding 10°C on days with maximum and minimum temperature >24.5°C and 11°C, respectively, and DPr, which counts days with precipitation (>0mm). These variables were processed from July 1 to September 19. Using this model (correctly validated against independent observations in Chaján, Sol de Mayo and Espinillo -department of Río Cuarto- for 2, 3 and 7 years, respectively), climate risk in the Pampas region was evaluated relative to insect population levels in the endemic area.