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ABSTRACT The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of different combinations of nitrogen and potassium fertilization on gas exchange and chlorophyll a fluorescence in seedlings of guava cv. Paluma irrigated with water of different salinity levels. The experiment was set up in a randomized block design and analyzed in 5 × 4 factorial scheme, with four replicates. The treatments were composed of the combination of the factor electrical conductivity of irrigation water - ECw (0.3, 1.1, 1.9, 2.7, and 3.5 dS m-1), with the factor combinations (C) formed from recommended doses of nitrogen (N) and potassium (K2O), 70% N + 50% K2O, 100% N + 75% K2O, 130% N + 100% K2O, and 160% N + 125% K2O. The fertilization combination 130% N + 100% K2O mitigated the effects of salt stress up to mean ECw of 1.3 dS m-1, resulting in increments in CO2 assimilation rate, transpiration, instantaneous carboxylation efficiency, and electron transport rate. For maximum quantum efficiency of photosystem II, only treatment irrigated with ECw 3.5 dS m-1 under the combination 160% N + 125% K2O showed damage to the photosynthetic apparatus.

RESUMO Objetivou-se com o presente estudo avaliar os efeitos de diferentes combinações de adubação nitrogenada e potássica sobre as trocas gasosas e fluorescência da clorofila a em mudas de goiabeira cv. Paluma irrigadas com águas de distintas salinidades. O experimento foi instalado em delineamento em blocos casualizados e analisados no esquema fatorial 5 × 4, com quatro repetições. Os tratamentos foram compostos a partir da combinação do fator condutividade elétrica da água de irrigação - CEa (0,3; 1,1; 1,9; 2,7 e 3,5 dS m-1) com o fator combinações (C) formada a partir de doses recomendadas de nitrogênio (N) e potássio (K2O): 70% N + 50% K2O; 100% N + 75% K2O; 130% N + 100% K2O e 160% N + 125% K2O. A combinação de adubação 130% N + 100% K2O mitigou o estresse salino até a CEa média de 1,3 dS m-1, resultando em aumento na taxa de assimilação de CO2, transpiração, eficiência instantânea de carboxilação e taxa de transporte de elétrons. Para a máxima eficiência quântica do fotossistema II, apenas os tratamentos irrigados com CEa 3,5 dS m-1 e combinação 160% N + 125% K2O apresentaram danos no aparelho fotossintético.

https://doi.org/10.1590/1807-1929/agriambi.v27n5p429-437

Selection of cotton genotypes for yield and fiber quality under water stress
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Gomes, Itallo H. R. A.

; Cavalcanti, José J. V.

; Farias, Francisco J. C.

; Paixão, Francisco J. R. da

; Silva Filho, João L. da

; Suassuna, Nelson D.

Revista Brasileira de Engenharia Agrícola e Ambiental

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aug 2022, Volume 26 N. 8 Pages 610 - 617

Abstract: Pt En | Text: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

RESUMO O objetivo deste estudo foi selecionar linhagens de algodoeiro tolerantes ao estresse hídrico, com base em caracteres de produtividade e qualidade de fibra. O experimento foi conduzido em dois experimentos de campo em Quixeramobim - CE sem suplementação hídrica, nos anos: 2018 e 2019. Foram avaliados nove genótipos de algodoeiro, sendo seis linhagens e três cultivares comerciais. Foram mensuradas variáveis relacionadas com produtividade de algodão em pluma e qualidade intrínseca de fibra. Os dados foram submetidos à análise de variância individual e conjunta, e a seleção pelo índice de seleção. A variabilidade genética encontrada entre os materiais demonstra a possibilidade de ganhos significativos no processo de seleção do algodoeiro. Os genótipos CNPA 2013 - 2235 RF FL, CNPA 2013 - 2064 RF FL e CNPA 2012 - 160 RF FL e a cultivar FM 944 GL tiveram maior produção e melhor qualidade de fibra em condições de sequeiro.

ABSTRACT The objective of this work was to select a cotton line tolerant to water stress, based on yield and fiber quality characteristics. A total of nine cotton genotypes were evaluated (six breeding lines and three commercial cultivars) in two field experiments conducted in Quixeramobim - CE without water supplementation in 2018 and 2019, respectively. Traits related to cotton lint yield and intrinsic fiber quality were measured. Data were submitted to individual and joint analysis of variance, and selection by the selection index. The genetic variability among the materials demonstrates the possibility of significant gains in the cotton selection process. The genotypes CNPA 2013 - 2235 RF FL, CNPA 2013 - 2064 RF FL and CNPA 2012 - 160 RF FL, as well as the cultivar FM 944 GL, had higher production and better fiber quality under rainfed conditions.

https://doi.org/10.1590/1807-1929/agriambi.v26n8p610-617

Forced Degradation Study and Development of a Stability-Indicating Method for Amoxicillin Capsules According to ANVISA Guidelines
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Gallo, Margareth B. C

; Nascimento, Diogo D. do

; Nunes, Nelson M

; Sousa, Flávia F. M. de

; Boniatti, Janine

; Aguiar, José L. N. de

; Medeiros, Juliana J. S

; Esteves, Alessandra L

; Guerra, Graça M. S

; Ferreira, Luiz E. M

; Regis, Lucas G. I

; Seiceira, Rafael C

; Moncorvo, Fabiana M. S. U

; Chaves, Marcelo H. C

Journal of the Brazilian Chemical Society

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dec 2021, Volume 32 N. 12 Pages 2195 - 2205

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

This study aimed to develop a reliable stability-indicating method (SIM) for amoxicillin 500 mg capsules (DP-drug product). A literature review addressing amoxicillin (AMX; DS-drug substance) forced degradation studies and the existing SIMs was conducted to verify the most significant outcomes. Subsequently, the forced degradation of DP and DS was carried out following the Brazilian Health Surveillance Agency (ANVISA) guidelines, including thermal degradation (dry and wet heat), acidic and alkaline hydrolyses, hydrogen peroxide oxidation, reaction with copper, and photodegradation. Both DS and DP were more susceptible to 0.015 M NaOH, resulting in approximately 50% degradation. AMX DS and DP were not significantly photodegraded, but some degradation products (PDegs) showed susceptibility to light exposure. Thermodegraded samples showing ≥ 10% degradation exhibited modified profiles in thermogravimetric (TG) and differential scanning calorimetric (DSC) analyses. The X-ray powder diffraction patterns (XRPD) of DS samples exposed to dry and wet heat displayed complete amorphization of AMX, attesting to the occurrence of physical degradation concomitantly with chemical degradation, which can alter the drug’s bioavailability. In contrast, the thermodegraded DP samples exhibited intact AMX crystals interspersed with the amorphous form, perhaps partly protected by the excipient. The validated SIM was able to detect and quantify about 80 PDegs.

https://doi.org/10.21577/0103-5053.20210111

Energy Management Electronic Device for Islanded Microgrids Based on Renewable Energy Sources and Battery-Based Energy Storage
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Granados, Elkin D.

; Díaz, Nelson L.

; Luna, Adriana C.

Ingeniería e Investigación

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apr 2021, Volume 41 N. 1 elocation e204

Abstract: Es En | Text: Es En | PDF: Es | PDF: En

RESUMEN Los sistemas de gestión de energia son uno de los componentes más importantes en la operación de las microrredes eléctricas. Son responsables de asegurar la supervisión del sistema eléctrico, además de la confiabilidad y coordinación de todas las cargas y los recursos energéticos distribuidos, de tal forma que la microrred pueda ser operada como una entidad unificada. Debido a esto, un sistema de gestión de energia debe ser lo suficientemente rápido para procesar un gran número de datos y definir las acciones de control para garantizar el correcto funcionamiento de la microrred. Este documento explora el diseño e implementación de un sistema de gestión de energia desplegado sobre un dispositivo electrónico dedicado. El dispositivo de gestión de energia propuesto coordina las cargas y los recursos energéticos distribuidos en una microrred aislada a escala residencial de acuerdo a un sistema de gestión de energia basado en reglas que asegura una operación confiable y segura del sistema de almacenamiento de energia basado en baterias. Se realizó una prueba de hardware en el lazo de control usando una plataforma de simulación en tiempo real para demostrar la operación del dispositivo electrónico.

ABSTRACT Energy management systems are one of the most important components in the operation of an electric microgrid. They are responsible for ensuring the supervision of the electrical system, as well as the coordination and reliability of all loads and distributed energy resources in order for the microgrid to be operated as a unified entity. Because of that, an energy management system should be fast enough at processing data and defining control action to guarantee the correct performance of the microgrid. This paper explores the design and implementation of an energy management system deployed over a dedicated electronic device. The proposed energy management device coordinates the distributed energy resources and loads in a residential-scale islanded microgrid, in accordance with a rule-based energy management strategy that ensures reliable and safe operation of the battery-based energy storage system. A hardware-int-he-loop test was performed with a real-time simulation platform to show the operation of the electronic device.

https://doi.org/10.15446/ing.investig.41n1.83905 235 downloads

Nasal lavage cytology and mucosal histopathological alterations in patients with rhinitis
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Kovalhuk, Loreni C.S.

; Telles, Ederaldo Queiroz

; Lima, Monica Nunes

; Rosario Filho, Nelson A.

Brazilian Journal of Otorhinolaryngology

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aug 2020, Volume 86 N. 4 Pages 434 - 442

Abstract: Pt En | Text: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

Resumo Introdução A extensão da lesão epitelial na rinite alérgica e não alérgica e sua associação com alterações inflamatórias no lavado nasal ainda não estão esclarecidas. Objetivo Verificar a relação entre o processo inflamatório no lavado nasal, extensão da lesão epitelial e espessamento da membrana basal na mucosa nasal de pacientes com rinite; determinar o ponto de corte do percentual de eosinófilos no lavado nasal associado à presença de atopia. Método Foram selecionados pacientes com rinite e indicação de septoplastia e (ou) turbinectomia por hipertrofia de conchas nasais, os quais foram submetidos aos testes cutâneos alérgicos, lavado nasal com determinação das concentrações de albumina, interleucina-8 (IL-8), contagem total e diferencial de células, análise da extensão da lesão epitelial, e grau de espessamento da membrana basal por meio de histopatologia da mucosa. Resultado Foram estudados 56 pacientes, mediana de 24,5 anos com diagnóstico de rinite alérgica (n = 36) e rinite não alérgica (n = 20). Nos atópicos os testes cutâneos alérgicos foram positivos para D. pteronyssinus em 35 (97,0%) e L. perenne em 18 (50,0%). Atópicos apresentaram maior índice de escore clínico para rinite em comparação a não atópicos. A contagem total de células, neutrófilos e níveis de albumina e IL-8 não foi diferente entre o lavado nasal de atópicos e não atópicos. O ponto de corte da contagem de eosinófilos no fluido nasal para a distinção de rinite alérgica e rinite não alérgica foi de 4%. Algum grau de lesão epitelial foi mais frequente em pacientes com rinite alérgica (94%) do que em pacientes com rinite não alérgica (65%). Na presença de espessamento da membrana basal, como marcador de remodelamento, não houve diferença no lavado nasal entre pacientes com rinite alérgica e não alérgica. Conclusão Nesta casuística, 4% foi o ponto de corte do número de eosinófilos no lavado nasal, para diferenciação de atopia. Remodelamento da via aérea superior pelo espessamento da membrana basal revelou infiltrado semelhante de células inflamatórias no lavado nasal, independentemente da presença de atopia.

Abstract Introduction The extent of epithelial lesion in allergic and non-allergic rhinitis and its association with inflammatory changes in nasal lavage has not been clarified. Objective To verify the association between the inflammatory cells in the nasal lavage, epithelial lesion extent and basement membrane thickness, in the nasal mucosa of patients with rhinitis; to determine the cutoff point of the percentage of eosinophils in the nasal lavage associated with the atopic patients. Methods Patients with rhinitis and indication for septoplasty and (or) turbinectomy for turbinate hypertrophy were selected, and were submitted to allergy skin tests, nasal lavage with measurement of albumin and interleukin-8 levels, total and differential counting of cells, and mucosal histopathological analysis to determine the extent of epithelial lesion, and degree of basement membrane thickening. Results Fifty-six patients with a median age of 24.5 years and a diagnosis of allergic rhinitis (n = 36) and non-allergic rhinitis (n = 20) were studied. In atopic subjects, allergy skin tests were positive for Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus in 35 (97.0%) and Lolium perenne in 18 (50.0%). Atopic subjects showed a higher clinical score index of rhinitis compared to non-atopic ones. The total count of cells, neutrophils, and levels of albumin and IL-8 were not different in the nasal lavage of atopic and non-atopic subjects. The cutoff point for eosinophil count in nasal fluid for the distinction between allergic rhinitis and non-allergic rhinitis was 4%. Some degree of epithelial lesion was more frequent in allergic rhinitis (94%) than in non-allergic rhinitis (65%) patients. In the presence of basement membrane thickness, as a marker of remodeling, there was no difference in the nasal lavage of patients with allergic rhinitis and non-allergic rhinitis. Conclusion In this series, 4% was the cutoff point for the number of eosinophils in the nasal lavage, for atopy differentiation. Upper airway remodeling accessed by basement membrane thickness showed similar inflammatory cell infiltrate in the nasal lavage, regardless of the presence of atopy.

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bjorl.2019.01.005 910 downloads

Anatomical terminology of the internal nose and paranasal sinuses: cross-cultural adaptation to Portuguese
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Bezerra, Thiago Freire Pinto

; Stamm, Aldo

; Anselmo-Lima, Wilma Teresinha

; Fornazieri, Marco Aurélio

; Melo, Nelson D’Ávila

; Balsalobre, Leonardo

; Jotz, Geraldo Pereira

; Leão, Henrique Zaquia

; Nunes, André Alencar Araripe

; Felippu, Alexandre

; Cedin, Antonio Carlos

; Pinheiro-Neto, Carlos D.

; Oliveira, Diego Lima

; Sakano, Eulalia

; Kosugi, Eduardo Macoto

; Araújo, Elizabeth

; Valera, Fabiana Cardoso Pereira

; Pinna, Fábio de Rezende

; Romano, Fabrizio Ricci

; Pádua, Francine Grecco de Melo

; Ramos, Henrique Faria

; Telles Jr., João

; Sá, Leonardo Conrado Barbosa de

; D'Assunção Filho, Leopoldo Marques

; Sennes, Luiz Ubirajara

; Gregório, Luis Carlos

; Sampaio, Marcelo H.

; Santos, Marco César Jorge dos

; Franca, Marco

; Mocellin, Marcos

; Lessa, Marcus Miranda

; Avelino, Melissa Ameloti G.

; Tepedino, Miguel

; Andrade, Nilvano Alves de

; Piltcher, Otavio B.

; Roithmann, Renato

; Pilan, Renata Mendonça

; Meireles, Roberto Campos

; Guimarães, Roberto Eustáquio

; Santos, Rodrigo de Paula

; Pezato, Rogério

; Pignatari, Shirley

; Abdo, Tatiana Telles

; Nakajima, Victor

; Almeida, Washington

; Nakanishi, Marcio

; Voegels, Richard L.

Brazilian Journal of Otorhinolaryngology

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dec 2018, Volume 84 N. 6 Pages 677 - 686

Abstract: Pt En | Text: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

Resumo: Introdução: A cirurgia endoscópica funcional endonasal é um procedimento cirúrgico frequente entre os otorrinolaringologistas. Em 2014, a Sociedade Europeia de Rinologia publicou o "Documento Europeu para Posicionamento sobre a Terminologia Anatômica Interna do Nariz e das Cavidades Paranasais" com o objetivo de unificar os termos na língua inglesa. Ainda não dispomos de uma terminologia unificada na língua portuguesa. Objetivo: Adaptação transcultural dos termos anatômicos do nariz e das cavidades paranasais para o português da "European Anatomical Terminology of the Internal Nose and Paranasal Sinuses". Método: Um grupo de rinologistas de todo o Brasil, com experiência em cirurgia endoscópica endonasal, foi convidado a participar da elaboração desse posicionamento sobre os termos anatômicos do nariz e das cavidades paranasais para o português conforme metodologia adaptada da previamente descrita por Rudmik e Smith. Resultados: Os resultados desse documento foram gerados a partir da concordância da maioria dos participantes conforme as sugestões mais populares entre os rinologistas. Uma adaptação transcultural da terminologia anatômica nasossinusal foi consolidada. Sugerimos que se busque uniformizar termos como "concha inferior", "septo nasal", "porção (óssea/cartilaginosa) do septo nasal", "meato (médio/ inferior) nasal", "via da drenagem do seio frontal", "recesso frontal" e "processo uncinado". Conclusão: Consolidamos uma versão adaptada em português da "European Anatomical Terminology of the Internal Nose and Paranasal Sinuses" que auxiliará a publicação de comunicados técnicos, publicações científicas e o ensino dos termos anatômicos internos do nariz e das cavidades paranasais no Brasil.

Abstract Introduction: Functional endonasal endoscopic surgery is a frequent surgical procedure among otorhinolaryngologists. In 2014, the European Society of Rhinology published the "European Position Paper on the Anatomical Terminology of the Internal Nose and Paranasal Sinuses", aiming to unify the terms in the English language. We do not yet have a unified terminology in the Portuguese language. Objective: Transcultural adaptation of the anatomical terms of the nose and paranasal cavities of the "European Anatomical Terminology of the Internal Nose and Paranasal Sinuses" to Portuguese. Methods: A group of rhinologists from diverse parts of Brazil, all experienced in endoscopic endonasal surgery, was invited to participate in the creation of this position paper on the anatomical terms of the nose and paranasal sinuses in the Portuguese language according to the methodology adapted from that previously described by Rudmik and Smith. Results: The results of this document were generated based on the agreement of the majority of the participants according to the most popular suggestions among the rhinologists. A cross-cultural adaptation of the sinonasal anatomical terminology was consolidated. We suggest the terms "inferior turbinate", "nasal septum", "(bone/cartilaginous) part of the nasal septum", "(middle/inferior) nasal meatus", "frontal sinus drainage pathway", "frontal recess" and "uncinate process" be standardized. Conclusion: We have consolidated a Portuguese version of the European Anatomical Terminology of the Internal Nose and Paranasal Sinuses, which will help in the publication of technical announcements, scientific publications and the teaching of the internal anatomical terms of the nose and paranasal sinuses in Brazil.

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bjorl.2018.08.003 1085 downloads

Nature of Insoluble Material Found in the Bottom of Soybean Biodiesel Storage Tank: Chemical and Microbiological Approach
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Cazarolli, Juciana C.

; Boelter, Gabriela

; Lima, Amanda M. D. L. de

; Hengles, Thaisa

; Correa, Camila

; Peralba, Maria C. R.

; Ferrão, Marco F.

; Cavalcanti, Eduardo H. S.

; Bisol, Márcia V.

; Bezerra, Kelly S.

; Antoniosi Filho, Nelson R.

; Bento, Fátima M.

Journal of the Brazilian Chemical Society

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oct 2018, Volume 29 N. 10 Pages 2034 - 2045

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

During biodiesel storage, chemical reactions may occur, producing sludges. The aim of this study was to characterize the chemical and microbial composition of the sludge found in a biodiesel storage tank. The material was collected in a biodiesel production plant. The sludge chemical characterization was performed by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, flame atomic absorption spectroscopy (FAAS), gas chromatography (GC), and the microbial investigation used culture-dependent techniques. The deteriogenic potential of the native microbial community was evaluated using the sludge as a microbial inoculum in a 60 day experiment. The microbial growth, biodiesel degradation, pH alterations, and the detection of esters in the aqueous phase were evaluated. The chemical analysis indicated the sludge composition as fatty acids esters and metallic ions; sterols glycosides were not detected. Seven bacteria and five fungi species were obtained from the sludge. The microbial growth analysis indicated that the native community does not have high biodiesel deteriogenic capacity.

https://doi.org/10.21577/0103-5053.20180078 567 downloads

Ketalization of Ketones to 1,3-Dioxolanes and Concurring Self-Aldolization Catalyzed by an Amorphous, Hydrophilic SiO2-SO3H Catalyst under Microwave Irradiation
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Barbosa, Sandro L.

; Ottone, Myrlene

; Almeida, Mainara T. de

; Lage, Guilherme L. C.

; Almeida, Melina A. R.

; Nelson, David Lee

; Santos, Wallans T. P. dos

; Clososki, Giuliano C.

; Lopes, Norberto P.

; Klein, Stanlei I.

; Zanatta, Lucas D.

Journal of the Brazilian Chemical Society

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aug 2018, Volume 29 N. 8 Pages 1663 - 1671

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

The amorphous, mesoporous SiO2-SO3H catalyst with a surface area of 115 m2 g-1 and 1.32 mmol H+ per g was very efficient for the protonation of ketones on a 10% (m/m) basis, and the catalyst-bound intermediates can be trapped by polyalcohols to produce ketals in high yields or suffer aldol condensations within minutes under low-power microwave irradiation. The same catalyst can easily reverse the ketalization reaction.

https://doi.org/10.21577/0103-5053.20180039 1616 downloads

Caracterização de biocerâmica de fosfatos de cálcio microestruturada em diferentes composições em ovinos
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Dallabrida, Ademar L.

; Camargo, Nelson H.A.

; Moraes, Aury N.

; Gava, Aldo

; Dalmônico, Gisele M.L.

; Costa, Bruna D.

; Oleskovicz, Nilson

Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira

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jul 2018, Volume 38 N. 7 Pages 1327 - 1336

Abstract: Pt En | Text: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

RESUMO: As biocerâmicas microporosas de fosfatos de cálcio e bifásicas de hidroxiapatita e fosfato tricálcico beta (HA/TCP-β) na forma de biomateriais granulados microporosos, são temas de pesquisas e se destacam como substitutos ósseos em aplicações biomédicas. As biocerâmicas bifásicas são biocompatíveis, bioativas, osteoindutoras e promovem a osteointegração, quando aplicados in vivo ou em meio simulado. Outro ponto diferencial dessas biocerâmicas está associado à capacidade de solubilidade que esses biomateriais apresentam quando aplicados em meio biológico, permitindo a liberação gradual de íons cálcio e fosfatos para o meio biológico, estes são absorvíeis e promovem a neoformação de um novo tecido ósseo. As biocerâmicas bifásicas de fosfatos de cálcio também se apresentam promissores em aplicações traumatológicas na reparação do tecido ósseo traumatizado e na liberação controlada de medicamentos, em tratamentos da estrutura óssea. O desempenho desses biomateriais como substitutos ósseos e na liberação controlada de medicamentos, estão associados, as suas características físicas, químicas, morfológicas e de superfície. O objetivo desse estudo foi realizar a caracterização morfológica, microestrutural dos biomateriais pela técnica de microscopia eletrônica de varredura (MEV), física com difratometria de raios X (DRX) e método de Arthur para determinação da porosidade aberta. A densidade teórica dos biomateriais bifásicos foi determinada pelo método teórico das concentrações bifásicas. Por fim, se realizou avaliação do comportamento da neoformação óssea e osteointegração dos diferentes biomateriais de fosfatos de cálcio em testes in vivo em ovinos. Os testes in vivo foram realizados em tíbias de ovinos com tempo de implantação de 03 meses. Os biomateriais implantados foram hidroxiapatita (HA), fosfato tricálcico-β (TCP-β) e composições bifásicas HA/TCP-β nas proporções: 80/20, 20/80, 70/30 e 30/70. Foram utilizadas 08 ovelhas mestiças Texel, com 12 meses de idade e peso médio de 30 kg (±5 kg), nas quais foram produzidos três defeitos ósseos em cada tíbia, sendo que quatro desses defeitos foram preenchidos por biomateriais, e dois por fragmentos ósseos (autoenxerto), grupo controle. Os animais foram eutanasiados aos 03 meses após a implantação dos biomateriais. Após a eutanásia, foram coletadas as tíbias para avaliação com o uso da técnica de microscopia eletrônica de varredura (MEV). Os resultados encontrados mostram que os biomateriais granulados microporosos são formados por uma morfologia irregular com tamanho de grânulos entre 200 μm e 500μm, outra constatação foi microestrutura microporosa interconectada dos biomateriais. O resultado obtido da porosidade aberta mostrou que os biomateriais apresentam porosidade superior a 68%. A densidade teórica se apresentou semelhante entre os biomateriais granulados de fosfatos de cálcio e sugerem boa capacidade de neoformação óssea para todos os biomateriais, sendo que o bifásico 20/80 apresentou absorção do biomaterial e neoformação óssea mais rápida quando comparada com os outros biomateriais avaliados neste estudo.

ABSTRACT: Microporous bioceramics of calcium phosphate and biphasic hydroxyapatite and tricalcium phosphate beta (HA/TCP- β) in the form of microporous granules biomaterials are research subjects and stand out as bone substitutes in biomedical application. The biphasic bioceramics are biocompatible, bioactive, osteoinductive and promote osseointegration when applied in vivo or through simulated. Another aspect of such differential solubility bioceramics is associated with the capacity that these biomaterials exhibit when applied in biological environment, enabling the gradual release of calcium and phosphate ions to the biological environment they are absorbable and promote neogenesis of new bone tissue. The biphasic bioceramics of calcium phosphate also have promising applications in traumatology in the repair of injured bone and controlled release of drugs in the bone structure treatments. The performance of these biomaterials as bone substitutes and controlled release of drugs, are associated, their physical, chemical, morphological and surface. The aim of this study was to make morphological, microstructural of biomaterials by the technique of scanning electron microscopy (SEM), physics with X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Arthur method for determination of open porosity. The theoretical density of biphasic biomaterials was determined by theoretical method of biphasic concentrations. Finally, we conducted evaluation of osteogenesis and osseointegration behavior of different biomaterials of calcium phosphates in vivo tests on sheep. In vivo tests were performed on tibias of sheep up to of 03 months. The biomaterials implanted were hydroxyapatite (HA), tricalcium phosphate-β (β-TCP) and biphasic compositions as HA/TCP-β in rates: 80/20, 20/80, 70/30 and 30/70. Eight crossbred Texel sheep, with 12 months of age and average weight of 30 kg (±5 kg) were used, in which were produced three bone defects in the tibia, four of these defects were filled with biomaterials, and two by bone fragments (autograft), as control group. The animals were euthanized at 03 months after implantation of biomaterials. After euthanasia, the tibias were collected for evaluation using the scanning electron microscopy technique (SEM). The results show that the microporous biomaterial granules are formed by an irregular morphology with grain size between 200 μm and 500μm, another finding was microporous interconnected microstructure of biomaterials. The result showed that the open porosity of the biomaterials exhibit porosity greater than 68%. The theoretical density was relatively similar between the granulates biomaterials of calcium phosphates and suggest good capacity of osteogenesis for all biomaterials, with the biphasic absorption of the biomaterial introduced 20/80 and more rapid bone formation when compared with other biomaterials evaluated in study.

https://doi.org/10.1590/1678-5150-pvb-4930 1350 downloads

10.

Evaluation of QuEChERS Sample Preparation for Determination of Avermectins Residues in Ovine Muscle by HPLC-FD and UHPLC-MS/MS
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Bandeira, Nelson M. G.

; Ribeiro, Lucila C.

; Rizzetti, Tiele M.

; Martins, Manoel L.

; Adaime, Martha B.

; Zanella, Renato

; Prestes, Osmar D.

Journal of the Brazilian Chemical Society

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may 2017, Volume 28 N. 5 Pages 878 - 886

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

A fast and sensitive method using high performance liquid chromatography-fluorescence detection (HPLC-FD) and ultra-high performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS) was developed and validated for the determination of avermectins residues in ovine muscle samples. QuEChERS (quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged and safe) sample preparation based on acetonitrile extraction followed by partitioning with NaCl and Na2SO4 and dispersive solid-phase extraction (d-SPE) clean-up with C18 was applied. Na2SO4 was used instead of MgSO4 due to lower amounts of co-extractives in the final extract. The procedure was validated according to the Commission Decision 2002/657/EC. The method showed determination coefficients (r2) higher than 0.99, recoveries between 93.2 and 124.3% for spike levels between 0.5 and 2.0 times the maximum residues limit (MRL) values. The repeatability and intermediate precision RSD values ranged from 1 to 19%. Decision limits (CCα) and detection capabilities (CCβ) ranged from 10.7 to 59.4 µg kg-1 and 11.4 to 68.8 µg kg-1, respectively. Method performance was successfully evaluated by analyzing real samples and proficiency test with a z-score in the range of ±1.

https://doi.org/10.21577/0103-5053.20160240 1590 downloads

11.

Differences in Hepatic Expression of Iron, Inflammation and Stress-Related Genes in Patients with Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis
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Handa, Priya

; Maliken, Bryan D.

; Nelson, James E.

; Hennessey, Kelly A.

; Vemulakonda, L. Akhila

; Morgan-Stevenson, Vicki

; Dhillon, Barjinder K.

; Gupta, Rohit

; Yeh, Matthew M.

; Kowdley, Kris V.

Annals of Hepatology

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feb 2017, Volume 16 N. 1 Pages 77 - 85

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

Abstract: Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most common cause of chronic liver disease worldwide. We have previously shown that hepatic reticuloendothelial system (RES) iron deposition is associated with an advanced degree of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) in humans. In this study, we aimed to determine differentially expressed genes related to iron overload, inflammation and oxidative stress pathways, with the goal of identifying factors associated with NASH progression. Seventy five patients with NAFLD were evaluated for their biochemical parameters and their liver tissue analyzed for NASH histological characteristics. Gene expression analysis of pathways related to iron homeostasis, inflammation and oxidative stress was performed using real-time PCR. Gene expression was compared between subjects based on disease status and presence of hepatic iron staining. We observed increased gene expression of hepcidin (HAMP) (2.3 fold, p = 0.027), transmembrane serine proteinase 6 (TMPRSS6) (8.4 fold, p = 0.003), signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) (5.5 fold, p = 0.004), proinflammatory cytokines; IL-1β (2.7 fold, p = 0.046) and TNF-α (3.8 fold, p = 0.001) in patients with NASH. TMPRSS6, a negative regulator of HAMP, is overexpressed in patients with NASH and HIF1α (hypoxia inducible factor-1) is downregulated. NAFLD patients with hepatic iron deposition exhibited higher hepcidin expression (3.1 fold, p = 0.04) but lower expression of cytokines. In conclusion, we observed elevated hepatic HAMP expression in patients with NASH and in NAFLD patients who had hepatic iron deposition, while proinflammatory cytokines displayed elevated expression only in patients with NASH, suggesting a regulatory role for hepcidin in NAFL to NASH transition and in mitigating inflammatory responses.

https://doi.org/10.5604/16652681.1226818 877 downloads

12.

Effects of isometric handgrip training in patients with cardiovascular disease: rationale and design of the ISOPRESS network
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Farah, Breno Q.

; Vianna, Lauro C.

; Rodrigues, Sergio Luiz C.

; Correia, Marilia A.

; Teixeira, André L.

; Andrade, Flávio M. D. de

; Pedrosa, Rodrigo P.

; Moreira, Sérgio R.

; Barros, Mauro V. G.

; Wolosker, Nelson

; Cucato, Gabriel G.

; Ritti-Dias, Raphael M.

Motriz: Revista de Educação Física

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2017, Volume 23 N. 4 elocation e101719

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

Abstract Meta-analytical studies have indicated that isometric handgrip training promotes significant reduction in blood pressure in hypertensive patients with similar or greater decreases in blood pressure than observed after aerobic and dynamic resistance training. However, several gaps in the literature still need to be addressed. Thus, we designed the ISOPRESS network group, which consists of a task force of different research groups aimed at analyzing the effects of isometric handgrip training on different contexts, parameters, and populations. Thus, the aim of this study was to describe the rationale and design behind the ISOPRESS, presenting the methods employed. The ISOPRESS questions involve whether isometric handgrip training is effective in hypertensives in different settings (ISOPRESS 1 - unsupervised training and ISOPRESS 2 - public health system), whether it works in patients with other cardiovascular diseases (ISOPRESS 3 - obstructive sleep apnea and ISOPRESS 4 - peripheral artery disease) and what are the mechanisms underlying the effects of isometric handgrip training in hypertensives (ISOPRESS 5 - neural mechanism). The study will yield information on the effectiveness of isometric handgrip training in different settings and patients with other cardiovascular diseases. Finally, it will help to understand the mechanisms involved in reducing blood pressure in hypertensives.

https://doi.org/10.1590/s1980-6574201700040011 2190 downloads

13.

Synthesis, Vibrational Spectroscopic and Thermal Properties of Oxocarbon Cross‑Linked Chitosan
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Souza, Nelson L. G. D.

; Salles, Tamyres F.

; Brandão, Humberto M.

; Edwards, Howell G. M.

; Oliveira, Luiz F. C. de

Journal of the Brazilian Chemical Society

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jun 2015, Volume 26 N. 6 Pages 1247 - 1256

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

In this work specimens of chitosan which have been cross-linked covalently and ionically with different oxocarbon and pseudo-oxocarbon anions have been synthesised and characterized using infrared and Raman spectroscopic techniques, solid state 13C nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and by thermogravimetry. According to the spectroscopic and thermal results, ionically crosslinked chitosans are obtained with squarate, croconate and rhodizonate ions as crosslinking agents, whereas covalently crosslinked chitosan can be obtained when squaric acid is used as the crosslinking agent; the same products are not observed when the pseudo-oxocarbon anion croconate violet is used, which can be attributed to the low basic strength of the crosslinking species.

https://doi.org/10.5935/0103-5053.20150090 2266 downloads

14.

Neoformação óssea e osteointegração de biomateriais micro e nanoestruturados em ovinos
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Costa, Bruna D.

; Camargo, Nelson H.

; Oleskovicz, Nilson

; Gava, Aldo

; Dallabrida, Ademar L.

; Regalin, Doughlas

; Lima, Marcos P.A.

; Moraes, Aury N.

Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira

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feb 2015, Volume 35 N. 2 Pages 177 - 187

Abstract: Pt En | Text: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

A substituição de parte do tecido ósseo se faz necessária muitas vezes na rotina cirúrgica, seja em função de fraturas, neoplasias ósseas ou enfermidades ortopédicas que acarretem em perda óssea. Neste sentido, têm se buscado biomateriais capazes de promover esta substituição, evitando o uso de enxertos ou transplantes ósseos. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a capacidade osteoregenerativa de biomateriais em diferentes composições, em tíbias de ovinos. Foram utilizadas oito ovelhas mestiças texel, com 12 meses de idade e peso médio de 28,5±7,4kg. Após adequada preparação anestésica e cirúrgica, foram produzidos três defeitos ósseos na diáfise das tíbias em sua face medial, totalizando seis defeitos de 6mm cada, sendo que quatro foram preenchidos por biomateriais, e dois por fragmentos ósseos retirados do próprio animal (autocontrole). Os materiais implantados foram: hidroxiapatita (HA), tricálcio fosfato-β (TCP-β), hidroxiapatita/tricálcio fosfato-b 60/40 (HA/TCP-b 60/40) e o nanocompósito hidroxiapatita/alumina a 5% (HA/Al2O3 a 5%). Os animais foram alocados em dois grupos: Grupo 60 (n=04), em que os animais foram eutanasiados após 60 dias da colocação dos implantes e Grupo 90 (n=04), em que a eutanásia ocorreu 90 dias após a colocação dos implantes. Foram realizadas radiografias nos períodos pré-operatório, imediatamente após o procedimento e aos 30, 60 e 90 dias de pós-operatório, a fim de excluir qualquer alteração prévia ou complicação pós-operatória, capaz de comprometer o estudo. Após a eutanásia, foram coletadas as tíbias para avaliação macro e microscópica, por meio de microscopia eletrônica de varredura (MEV) e microscopia óptica. Os resultados encontrados mostraram uma boa capacidade de neoformação óssea e uma lenta absorção da HA. O TCP-β foi rapidamente absorvido e apresentou boa capacidade osteoindutiva e osteocondutiva, sendo observada neoformação óssea no interior dos grânulos deste biomaterial. O composto bifásico HA/TCP-β (60/40) apresentou o melhor resultado a longo prazo, devido ao melhor controle na solubilização e liberação dos íons cálcio e fosfatos para o meio biológico durante o processo de neoformação óssea. O biomaterial nanocompósito HA/Al2O3 a 5% não apresentou resultados promissores neste estudo, e sugerem-se novas pesquisas a fim de investigar melhor o potencial e aplicabilidade deste novo biomaterial. Conclui-se que a hidroxiapatita, o tricálcio fosfato-β e a associação HA/TCP-β (60/40) apresentam excelente capacidade de reparação óssea, podendo ser utilizados como substitutos ósseos; a associação HA/TCP-β (60/40) é o melhor dentre os biomateriais estudados, pois apresenta velocidade de absorção intermediária em relação à HA e ao TCP-β isolados, fornecendo ainda uma sustentação adequada ao tecido neoformado; o biomaterial HA/Al2O3 5% se mostrou incompatível, provocando reação de rejeição por parte do hospedeiro e com insignificante formação de tecido ósseo, sugerindo novas pesquisas acerca deste material.

Bone replacement is often required in veterinary clinics and hospitals routine, even because fractures, bone tumors or any orthopedic disease that entail in bone loss. In this sense, biomaterials capable of promoting this substitution, avoiding the use of bone grafts or transplants have been searched. The aim of this study was evaluated the osteoregenerative capacity of biomaterials in different compositions, implanted in sheep's tibia. Eight female, mongrel sheeps, 12 months old, weighting 28,5±7,4kg were obtained for this study. Three bone defects, 6mm each, in both tibias, a total of six bone defects, were produced, being four of them treated with four different types of biomaterials and two with autogenous bone grafts, as a control group. The biomaterials implanted were: hydroxyapatite (HA), beta-tricalcium phosphate (TCP-β), hydroxyapatite/beta-tricalcium phosphate 60:40 (HA/TCP-β 60:40) and the nanocomposite hydroxyapatite and alumina (HA/Al2O3 5%). The animals were allocated in two groups: Group 60 (n=04), in which the animals were euthanized sixty days after the implantation of the biomaterials and Group 90 (n=04), in which the animals were euthanized ninety days after the procedure. Were performed radiograph images on the preoperative period, immediate postoperative and at 30, 60 and 90 days of postoperative period, to excluded any previously disease or postoperative complications that could compromise this research. After euthanasia, the tibias were collected for macro and microscopic evaluation, which was accessed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and optic microscopy. The results suggest that HA, TCP-β and HA/TCP-β present a great osteoregenerative capacity. The last one seems to be better for a long-term outcome, due its best control in the solubilization and releasing of calcium and phosphates ions through the biological environment during bone formation. The nanocomposite HA/Al2O3 5% didn't show a good response on this study, and we suggest new researches to better evaluate the potential and applicability of this new biomaterial. We concluded that HA, TCP-β and HA/TCP-β 60:40 presented excellent capacity of bone repair, and could be used as bone substituts; the association HA/TCP-β (60:40) is superior due his intermediary velocity of absortion comparing to HA and TCP-β isolated, providing adequate supporting to the neoformed tissue; the HA/Al2O3 5% showed incompatibility, causing rejection reaction by the host and insignificant formation of bone tissue, suggesting further research on this material.

https://doi.org/10.1590/S0100-736X2015000200015 6999 downloads

15.

Lymnaea cousini , huésped de Fasciola hepatica en el trópico alto andino de Colombia, y sus nuevos haplotipos, confirmados con el marcador mitocondrial del gen de la citocromo oxidasa I
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Uribe, Nelson

; Becerra, Wlda Margarita

; Velásquez, Luz Elena

Biomédica

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dec 2014, Volume 34 N. 4 Pages 598 - 604

Abstract: Es En | Text: Es En | PDF: Es | PDF: En

Institución donde se ejecutó el trabajo: Programa de Estudio y Control de Enfermedades Tropicales, PECET, Unidad de Malacología Médica y Trematodos (UMMT), Sede de Investigación Universitaria, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia Introducción. La fasciolosis es la enfermedad transmitida por vectores con mayor distribución latitudinal, longitudinal y altitudinal, debido a la capacidad colonizadora del parásito Fasciola hepatica y de sus huéspedes intermediarios, los moluscos limneidos. Estos caracoles se investigan por su importancia epidemiológica, pero su identificación taxonómica es difícil por la similitud fenotípica entre especies. En este sentido, con respecto a Lymnaea cousini , un huésped de F. hepatica en Colombia, existe incertidumbre en razón de su similitud morfológica con L. meridensis , descrita recientemente en Venezuela. Objetivo. Confirmar con el marcador del gen de la citocromo oxidasa I en el ADN mitocondrial COI (ADNmt), el estatus taxonómico de ejemplares morfológicamente caracterizados como L. cousini provenientes de Nariño, Norte de Santander y Santander (Colombia), depositados en la Colección de Moluscos Vectores de la Universidad de Antioquia, VHET N° 37. Materiales y métodos. Para la amplificación del COI mitocondrial, se extrajo ADN total del pie de cada ejemplar con el estuche DNeasy Blood and Tissue (Qiagen ® ). Los productos amplificados se enviaron a secuenciar a Macrogen Inc., Corea. Las 27 secuencias generadas en esta investigación se compararon con secuencias publicadas en el GenBank, incluidas las secuencias de la localidad tipo de L. cousini. Resultados. Se encontraron dos nuevos haplotipos de L. cousini para Colombia. Los especímenes de Nariño correspondían al haplotipo A, referenciado en Ecuador, y los especímenes de Santander y Norte de Santander, a un nuevo haplotipo al que se denominó D. Conclusión. Mediante el marcador mitocondrial del COI , se confirmó que los especímenes pertenecían a la especie L. cousini . Con el hallazgo se duplicó el número de haplotipos conocidos de la especie en Colombia y se amplió su distribución geográfica al suroeste y nordeste de la región altoandina colombiana.

Introduction: Fasciolosis is the disease transmitted by vectors with the highest latitudinal, longitudinal, and altitudinal distribution due to the colonizing capacity of the parasite Fasciola hepatica and its intermediate hosts, Lymnaeidae mollusks. These snails are under research due to their epidemiological importance, but their taxonomic identification is difficult given their interspecific phenotypical similarity. For this reason, there is uncertainty regarding Lymnaea cousini -a host of F. hepatica in Colombia- due to the morphological similarity it has with Lymnaea meridensis , recently described for Venezuela. Objective: To confirm with the COI marker (ADNmt) the taxonomic status of individuals morphologically identified as L. cousini from Nariño, Norte de Santander, and Santander (Colombia), deposited in the Vector Mollusks Collection VHET No. 37 of Universidad de Antioquia. Materials and methods: The amplification of the mitochondrial COI required total DNA extraction of each individual´s foot using the DNeasy Blood and Tissue Kit (Qiagen®). Products amplified were sent for sequencing to Macrogen Inc., Korea. Twenty seven sequences generated in this research were compared to sequences published in the GenBank, including sequences of the type locality of L. cousini . Results: Two new haplotypes of L. cousini were obtained for Colombia. Specimens from Nariño correspond to haplotype A, referenced for Ecuador, and specimens from Santander and Norte de Santander belong to a new haplotype we called haplotype D. Conclusion : By using the mitochondrial COI marker, we confirmed that the species under study did correspond to L. cousini . The number of known haplotypes of the species for Colombia has been duplicated and its geographical distribution has been extended to the southwest and northeast of the Colombian high Andean region.

https://doi.org/10.7705/biomedica.v34i4.2312 1473 downloads

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