RESUMO Lesões que envolvem tecido adiposo e glândula tireoide costumam ser raros. No presente relato, a metaplasia adiposa associou-se à tireoidite de Hashimoto com hiperplasia nodular e adenoma de células oncocíticas em uma paciente de 40 anos, sexo feminino, sendo um dos primeiros casos relatados dessa associação. O principal achado clínico é o bócio difuso, e o diagnóstico diferencial deve ser realizado com o intuito de excluir malignidades. O tratamento é feito por meio de tireoidectomia total. Dessa forma, é importante que o médico conheça essa patologia a fim de um raciocínio clínico mais eficaz, excluindo possibilidades mais graves.

ABSTRACT Lesions involving adipose tissue and the thyroid gland are usually rare. In the present report, adipose metaplasia is associated with Hashimoto's thyroiditis with nodular hyperplasia and oncocytic adenoma in a 40-years-old female patient, which is one of the first reported cases of this association. The main clinical finding is the diffuse goiter, and the differential diagnosis must be performed to exclude the possibility of malignancies. The treatment is performed through total thyroidectomy. Thus, it is important the physicians be aware of this pathology with a view to a more effective clinical reasoning and to exclude more serious possibilities.

ABSTRACT Introduction/Aim: The gut has shown to have a pivotal role on the pathophysiology of metabolic disease. Food stimulation of distal intestinal segments promotes enterohormones secretion influencing insulin metabolism. In diabetic rats, oral insulin has potential to change intestinal epithelium behavior. This macromolecule promotes positive effects on laboratorial metabolic parameters and decreases diabetic intestinal hypertrophy. This study aims to test if oral insulin can influence metabolic parameters and intestinal weight in obese non-diabetic rats. Methods: Twelve weeks old Wistar rats were divided in 3 groups: control (CTRL) standard chow group; high fat diet low carbohydrates group (HFD) and HFD plus daily oral 20U insulin gavage (HFD+INS). Weight and food consumption were weekly obtained. After eight weeks, fasting blood samples were collected for laboratorial analysis. After euthanasia gut samples were isolated. Results: Rat oral insulin treatment decreased body weight gain (p<0,001), fasting glucose and triglycerides serum levels (p<0,05) an increased intestinal weight of distal ileum (P<0,05). Animal submitted to high fat diet presented higher levels of HOMA-IR although significant difference to CT was not achieved. HOMA-beta were significantly higher (p<0.05) in HFD+INS. Visceral fat was 10% lower in HFD+INS but the difference was not significant. Conclusions: In non-diabetic obese rats, oral insulin improves metabolic malfunction associated to rescue of beta-cell activity.

RESUMO O angiomixoma agressivo (AA) é uma neoplasia rara de origem mesenquimal, caráter infiltrativo e altas taxas de recidiva local. Apresentamos o caso de uma paciente de 42 anos com nódulo no canal vaginal, submetida à biópsia excisional. A avaliação histopatológica demonstrou proliferação fusocelular mixoide na região subepitelial, e a análise imuno-histoquímica revelou positividade para CDK4, CD34, desmina e receptores de estrogênio e progesterona. Os marcadores S100 e actina de músculo liso foram negativos, o que corroborou o diagnóstico de AA. Devido às altas taxas de recidiva, optou-se por acompanhamento ambulatorial pelos dois anos subsequentes.

ABSTRACT Aggressive angiomyxoma (AAM) is a rare infiltrative tumor of mesenchymal origin that has high rates of local recurrence. We present the case of a 42-year-old patient with a lump in the vaginal canal, treated with excisional biopsy. Histopathologic evaluation revealed myxoid spindle-cell proliferation in the subepithelial region, and immunohistochemical analysis was positive for CDK4, CD34, desmin, estrogen and progesterone receptors. The markers S100 and smooth muscle actin were negative, what corroborated the diagnosis of AAM. Because of its high recurrence rates, we opted for outpatient follow-up during the two subsequent years.

RESUMO Introdução: O câncer de mama é a neoplasia maligna visceral mais frequente em mulheres, sendo a principal causa de morte por câncer no sexo feminino em todo o mundo. O subgrupo triplo negativo apresenta prognóstico pobre e comportamento biológico agressivo. Objetivos: Delinear os aspectos clínicos e histomorfológicos e o perfil de tratamento, além de sugerir quais fatores podem predizer pior prognóstico nas pacientes com câncer de mama invasivo triplo negativo na região dos Campos Gerais do Paraná. Métodos: Estudo de corte retrospectivo observacional, longitudinal e comparativo, realizado em uma clínica de anatomia patológica e no Instituto Sul Paranaense de Oncologia, em Ponta Grossa, Paraná. Os critérios de inclusão foram pacientes do sexo feminino com laudo anatomopatológico de carcinoma de mama invasor, cuja imuno-histoquímica apresentou-se negativa para os receptores hormonais e receptor de crescimento epidérmico humano 2 (HER2), diagnosticadas no período entre 01 de janeiro de 2002 a 31 de dezembro de 2012. As pacientes foram divididas em dois grupos, mulheres vivas e as que faleceram. Resultados: O índice de recidiva, o tipo de quimioterapia, a invasão angiolinfática, o tamanho do tumor, a invasão linfonodal e os tipos de cirurgia realizadas foram variáveis significativas na análise univariada entre os grupos. Após a regressão de cox para análise multivariada, apenas a invasão angiolinfática (p = 0,012, risco relativo [RR] 5,0518, intervalo de confiança [IC] 95% 1,4261-17,8952) e o tamanho do tumor permaneceram significativos (p = 0,0385, RR 1,2605, IC 95% 1,0123-1,5695). Conclusão: A invasão angiolinfática e o tamanho do tumor mostraram-se fatores de risco para óbito, por todas as causas, em pacientes com câncer de mama triplo negativo. Diferenças entre os grupos podem indicar diferentes subtipos moleculares dentro do fenótipo triplo negativo.

ABSTRACT Introduction: Breast cancer is the most common visceral malignancy in women, the leading cause of cancer death among women worldwide. The triple negative subgroup has poor prognosis and aggressive biological behavior. Objectives: To outline the clinical and histopathological aspects, the treatment profile, and to suggest which factors may predict poor prognosis in patients with triple-negative invasive breast cancer in the Campos Gerais region of Paraná. Methods: A retrospective observational cohort study, longitudinal, comparative, performed in a clinic of anatomic pathology in the Instituto Sul Paranaense de Oncologia, in Ponta Grossa, Paraná. The inclusion criteria were female patients with pathology report of invasive breast carcinoma, whose immunohistochemistry showed negative for hormone receptors and human epidermal growth factor receptor (HER2), diagnosed in the period between January 1, 2002 and December 31, 2012. The patients were divided into two groups, living women and patients who have died. Results: The recurrence rate, chemotherapy type, angiolymphatic invasion, tumor size, lymph node invasion, and type of surgery performed were significant variables in the univariate analysis between the groups. After Cox regression for multivariate analysis, only the angiolymphatic invasion (p = 0.012, relative risk [RR] 5.0518, confidence interval [CI] 95% 1.4261-17.8952), and tumor size (p = 0.0385, RR 1.2605, CI 95% 1.0123-1.5695) remained significant. Conclusion: The angiolymphatic invasion and tumor size proved to be risk factors for death, from all causes, in patients with triple-negative breast cancer. Differences between groups can indicate different molecular subtypes within the triple-negative phenotype.

Ependimomas são neoplasias compostas por células ependimárias neoplásicas, manifestando-se predominantemente em crianças e adultos jovens. Relatamos os achados clínicos, epidemiológicos e anatomopatológicos de 22 casos de ependimomas. Dos 22 casos analisados, 14 ocorreram em pacientes do sexo masculino e 8 em pacientes femininos. As idades variaram de 1 a 58 anos, com média de 24,63 anos. Quanto à localização, 10 casos acometeram medula, 7 ocorreram em hemisférios cerebrais, 2 intraventriculares e 1 no tronco cerebral. Os sinais e sintomas observados incluiram redução da força muscular (59,1% dos pacientes), alterações da marcha (36,3%), alterações da sensibilidade(36,3%), hiperreflexia e sindrome de hipertensão endocraniana, com período de evolução variando de 15 dias a 8 anos, com média de 17,58 meses. Sete pacientes foram submetidos a ressecção cirúrgica total , 7 a exérese parcial, 4 a exérese parcial associada a radioterapia adjuvante, 3 a ressecção parcial seguida de quimioterapia e 1 a tumorectomia total associada a radioterapia. Evidenciou-se taxa de recidiva tumoral total de 18,2%. Estes achados aproximam-se dos encontrados na literatura internacional, corroborando para a compreensão do comportamento biológico deste tumor.

Ependymomas are composed of neoplastic ependymal cells, affecting mainly children and young adults. We report the clinical and pathological findings of 22 cases of ependymomas. Fourteen patients were males and 8 were females. The ages ranged between 1 and 58 years, with a mean of 24.63 years. The symptoms reflected the growth and topography of the tumours; muscle weakness (59.1%), gait disorders (36.3%), sensitive disorders (36.3%), hyperreflexia and intracranial hypertension syndrome were the most frequent symptoms. Ten tumours affected the medulla, 7 the cerebral hemispheres, 2 the cerebral ventricles and 1 brain stem. Seven patients were submitted total resection of the tumor, from which one received adjuvant radiotherapy. 15 other patients were submitted to partial resection; from which 4 received adjuvant radiotherapy, 3 adjuvant chemotherapy and 1 chemotherapy and radiotherapy. The recurrence rate was 18.2%. These results are similar with the literature and may contribute to further understanding the biological behavior of these tumours.

Relatamos os achados clínicos, epidemiológicos e anatomopatológicos de 25 casos de craniofaringiomas. Dos 25 pacientes analisados, 14 ocorreram em pacientes do sexo masculino e 11 em pacientes femininos. As idades variaram de 3 a 64 anos, com média de 30,52 anos. Quanto à localização, 12 casos foram supra-selares, 10 ocorreram em região selar, sendo que 8 apresentaram extensão supra-selar, dois localizaram-se em lobo frontal e 1 em região ponto-cerebelar. Os sinais e sintomas observados incluiram alterações visuais (72% dos pacientes), cefaléia (68%), vômitos (40%) e edema de papila (24%), com período de evolução variando de 18 dias a 60 meses, com média de 11,66 meses. Treze pacientes foram submetidos a ressecção cirúrgica parcial, 11 a exérese total e 1 a ressecção parcial associada a quimioterapia adjuvante. Evidenciou-se taxa de recidiva tumoral total de 48%. Sete recidivas tumorais ocorreram nos pacientes submetidos apenas a exérese parcial, quatro nos pacientes submetidos a tumorectomia total e 1 no submetido a tratamento cirúrgico associado a quimioterapia. Estes achados aproximam-se dos encontrados na literatura, corroborando para a compreensão do comportamento biológico deste tumor e apontando a extensão do tumor residual como único fator prognóstico para recidiva desta neoplasia.

We report the clinical and pathological findings of 25 cases of craniopharyngiomas. Fourteen patients were males and 11 were females. The ages ranged between 3 and 64 years, with a mean of 30.52 years. The symptoms reflected the growth and topography of the tumours; visual disorders (72%), headache (68%), vomits (40%) and papilledema (24%) were the most frequent symptoms. Twelve cases were suprasellar; 10 tumours arose from sellar region, from which 8 presented suprasellar extension; frontal lobe (n=2) and ponto cererebellar angle (n=1) were also affected. Eleven patients undergone total resection of the tumor and 14 were submitted to partial resection, from which 1 received adjuvant chemotherapy. The overall recurrence rate was 48%. Eight recurrences were observed in the patients submitted to partial resection and 4 in which total resection were performed. These results are similar with the literature, corroborating to the extension of residual tumour after the surgical resection as the main prognostic factor for this neoplasm.

O complexo esclerose tuberosa constitui grupo de desordens autossômicas dominantes caracterizadas por hamartomas e lesões neoplásicas benignas que invariavelmente acometem o sistema nervoso central. Relatamos um caso de esclerose tuberosa que é o primeiro com descrição dos achados ultraestruturais na literatura latino-americana. A paciente era feminina, tinha 2 anos de idade e apresentava síndrome de West não responsiva ao tratamento clínico com vigabatrina, trileptal e clonazepan, sendo submetida a lobectomia frontal esquerda. Os achados histopatológicos e ultraestruturais foram condizentes com esclerose tuberosa. Estes resultados aproximam-se daqueles discutidos na literatura e auxiliam na eventual compreensão desta controversa facomatose, bem como alertam para a apresentação clínica como síndrome de West.

Tuberous sclerosis complex is a group of autosomal disorders characterized by hamartomas and benign neoplastic lesions that invariably affect the central nervous system. We report a case of tuberous sclerosis that is the first presenting ultrastructural findings of this phacomatosis in the Latin American literature. The patient was a 2 year old girl presenting West syndrome non responsive to the clinical treatment with vigabatrin, trileptal and clonazepan, and undergoing left frontal lobectomy. The histopathological and ultrastructural findings were compatible with tuberous sclerosis. These results may help to further understand this controversial phacomatosis, warning to the clinical presentation as West syndrome.