RESUMO: A raiva é uma das doenças neurológicas mais comuns em bovinos no Brasil, causando perdas econômicas significativas. Dados sobre o impacto econômico da raiva em bovinos de vários países estão disponíveis. No entanto, no Brasil, esses dados enfocam principalmente o ponto de vista de saúde pública, enfatizando os custos relacionados à prevenção da raiva em humanos, em cães ou animais silvestres. Estudos pontuais realizados em diferentes regiões do Brasil indicam perdas econômicas importantes causadas pela raiva em bovinos no país. No entanto, os estudos sobre as perdas causadas pela doença em bovinos carecem de uma análise detalhada das propriedades rurais afetadas com base em dados das agências oficiais de controle de doenças. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o impacto econômico da raiva bovina e sua mitigação através da vacinação antirrábica em propriedades rurais de Mato Grosso do Sul, no Centro-Oeste do Brasil.

ABSTRACT: Rabies is among the most common neurological disease in cattle in Brazil, causing significant economic losses. Data on the economic impact of rabies in livestock are available in several countries. However, in Brazil, these data focus mainly on the public health point o view, emphasizing the costs related to the prevention of rabies in humans, in dogs, or wildlife. Specific studies carried out in different regions of Brazil indicate critical economic losses caused by rabies in cattle in this country. However, the studies on the losses caused by the disease in cattle lack a detailed analysis of the affected rural properties based on data from official disease control agencies. The objective of this work was to evaluate the economic impact of bovine rabies, and its mitigation through antirabies vaccination in rural properties in Mato Grosso do Sul, Midwestern Brazil.

The use of digital image analysis as an analytical tool is a reality nowadays, and the use of smartphones stands out due to its high accessibility and practicality. Ascorbic acid (AA) is a natural and essential vitamin available as a supplement as a result of its use in preventing and treating several pathologies. This paper reports a simple, fast and low cost method using smartphone image analysis for quantification of AA based on its interfering effect in the enzymatic colorimetric detection of glucose. Commercial vitamin C tablets were used as prediction set for AA quantification, showing very satisfactory results (relative errors < 4%), where no statistical difference at a 95% confidence level was observed between the AA content estimated by the imaging method and the labeled reference values. As advantages, this method does not use expensive reagents neither laborious procedures to carry out the analysis.

Bioorganic and biological chemistry have been found to be highly motivating to undergraduate students and in this context, biochemical blood parameter analysis emerges as highly attractive content. In this proposal, several aspects related to analyses of glucose, cholesterol and triglycerides using the enzymatic colorimetric method were involved, and the findings have at least two relevant implications: i) introducing students to connections between organic chemistry and biology based on enzymatic processes, including reactivity and mechanistic aspects; ii) performing a micro scale bioassay analysis. The proposal requires two theoretical classes (2 h per class) and one practical class (4 h).

A terapia fotodinâmica (TFD) está baseada na administração e no acúmulo de fotossensibilizador, por exemplo, de tipo porfirina ou clorina, em tecidos doentes. As clorinas apresentam propriedades fotofísicas semelhantes àquelas das porfirinas, mas com intensificação e deslocamento das bandas Q, o que faz com que sejam bons candidatos para TFD. Neste trabalho relata-se a síntese da 5,10,15-tris(pentafluorofenil)-20-(4-piridil)porfirina, (2), e das clorinas isômeras 4, (5,10,20-tris(pentafluorofenil)-15-(4-piridil)-tetra-hidro-1H- N-metil-pirrolo[3,4-b]porfirina e 5, (5,10,15-tris(pentafluorofenil)-20-(4-piridil)-tetra-hidro-1H- N-metil-pirrolo[3,4-b]porfirina, obtidas a partir de 2, por reação de cicloadição 1,3-dipolar com um ileto azometínico, e respectivas caracterizações estruturais por UV-Vis, RMN e EM-FAB. Foram avaliadas as propriedades fotofísicas, fotoquímicas e fotodegradativas para a nova clorina 4, obtida com melhor rendimento que o seu isômero 5. O rendimento quântico de fotodegradação (fiFd, mol Einstein-1) foi de 0,047±0,014. Foram ainda realizados testes com ácido úrico para demonstrar a capacidade do fotossensibilizador na produção de ¹O2. Os resultados mostraram que a nova clorina 4 pode ser considerada como um bom fotossensibilizador para TFD.

Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is based on the accumulation of a photosensitizer, such as a porphyrin or a chlorin, in a malignant tissue after its administration. Chlorins exhibit photophysical properties similar to those of the porphyrin macrocycles, but with intensified and red-shifted Q bands, making chlorin-containing systems even better candidates for PDT. In this contribution, we report the synthesis of 5,10,15-tris(pentafluorophenyl)-20-(4-pyridyl)porphyrin, (2) and its transformation to the novel chlorin derivatives 4, (5,10,20-tris(pentafluorophenyl)-15-(4-pyridyl)-tetrahydro-1H- N-methyl-pyrrolo [3,4-b]porphyrin and 5, (5,10,15-tris(pentafluorophenyl)-20-(4-pyridyl)-tetrahydro-1H- N-methyl-pyrrolo[3,4-b]porphyrin) by 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition with an azomethine ylide. The new products have been characterized by UV-Vis, ¹H NMR and FAB-MS. The photophysics, photochemical and photobleaching properties of chlorin 4 have been evaluated. Its quantum yield of photobleaching (phiPb, mol Einstein-1) was 0.047±0.014. In order to demonstrate the production of ¹O2 when 4 is used as a photosensitizer, uric acid tests have been carried out. The results indicate that chlorin 4 can be considered a promising photosensitizer in PDT.

Este artigo descreve metodologia, aplicação e utilidade do teste das Matrizes Progressivas de Raven e do Teste de Sondagem Intelectual (TSI), comparando-os ainda com o rendimento escolar do aluno, em Jequié, Bahia. O Raven, que avalia o raciocínio não-verbal, foi aplicado a 374 escolares (7 a 17 anos). Somente 231 TSI foram respondidos porque requeriam habilidades de leitura e escrita. Foram coletadas notas escolares para todos os participantes. Um questionário avaliando recursos da escola e perfil do professor foi respondido por duzentos professores. Os escores dos testes Raven e TSI apresentaram uma boa correlação entre si (r = 0,53, p < 0,001) porém menor com as médias escolares (r = 0,22, p < 0,001 e r = 0,12, p < 0,07 respectivamente). Os escores do Raven e do TSI apresentaram baixas correlações com os conceitos escolares. A média de escores, tanto no teste Raven como no TSI, foi maior entre os meninos, sendo superior o desempenho das meninas nas notas escolares. De maneira geral o nível de desempenho cognitivo encontrado está aquém do esperado em crianças do grupo de idade analisada.

This paper describes the methodology, applicability and utility of the Raven Progressive Matrix (Raven Test) and the Brazilian Intellectual Probe (TSI), comparing them with school achievement in a typical medium-size urban community of Northeastern Brazil. 388 schoolchildren (7-17 years old) were examined, with 371 Raven tests applied. Only 231 TSIs were completed, since 106 students were illiterate. School grades were obtained for all participants. A questionnaire evaluating school resources, and teacher profiles was answered by 200 teachers. Raven and TSI test scores were highly correlated (r = 0.53, p < 0.001), but both correlated weakly with overall school grade (r = 0.22, p < 0.001 and r = 0.12, p < 0.07 respectively). For individual school grades, the Raven scores showed statistically significant correlation with all subjects, while the Brazilian TSI presented statistically significant correlation only with geography, history and sciences. Boys' mean scores were higher than girls' for both the Raven and the TSI Tests, but for the school grades girls performed better. In general, level of cognitive development was below that expected for children in the age-group analyzed.

Este artigo descreve metodologia, aplicação e utilidade do teste das Matrizes Progressivas de Raven e do Teste de Sondagem Intelectual (TSI), comparando-os ainda com o rendimento escolar do aluno, em Jequié, Bahia. O Raven, que avalia o raciocínio não-verbal, foi aplicado a 374 escolares (7 a 17 anos). Somente 231 TSI foram respondidos porque requeriam habilidades de leitura e escrita. Foram coletadas notas escolares para todos os participantes. Um questionário avaliando recursos da escola e perfil do professor foi respondido por duzentos professores. Os escores dos testes Raven e TSI apresentaram uma boa correlação entre si (r = 0,53, p < 0,001) porém menor com as médias escolares (r = 0,22, p < 0,001 e r = 0,12, p < 0,07 respectivamente). Os escores do Raven e do TSI apresentaram baixas correlações com os conceitos escolares. A média de escores, tanto no teste Raven como no TSI, foi maior entre os meninos, sendo superior o desempenho das meninas nas notas escolares. De maneira geral o nível de desempenho cognitivo encontrado está aquém do esperado em crianças do grupo de idade analisada.

This paper describes the methodology, applicability and utility of the Raven Progressive Matrix (Raven Test) and the Brazilian Intellectual Probe (TSI), comparing them with school achievement in a typical medium-size urban community of Northeastern Brazil. 388 schoolchildren (7-17 years old) were examined, with 371 Raven tests applied. Only 231 TSIs were completed, since 106 students were illiterate. School grades were obtained for all participants. A questionnaire evaluating school resources, and teacher profiles was answered by 200 teachers. Raven and TSI test scores were highly correlated (r = 0.53, p < 0.001), but both correlated weakly with overall school grade (r = 0.22, p < 0.001 and r = 0.12, p < 0.07 respectively). For individual school grades, the Raven scores showed statistically significant correlation with all subjects, while the Brazilian TSI presented statistically significant correlation only with geography, history and sciences. Boys' mean scores were higher than girls' for both the Raven and the TSI Tests, but for the school grades girls performed better. In general, level of cognitive development was below that expected for children in the age-group analyzed.